Long-Term Operation Strategies Case Studies for Combined Heat and Power

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. B. Gomes ◽  
C. Olmos ◽  
A. L. Polyzakis ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Electricity Infrastructure

In the next years Distributed Poly-generation Systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the electricity infrastructure and market. The successful spread of small-scale generation either connected to the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter depends on diverse issues, such as the possibilities of technical implementation, resource availability, environmental aspects, and regulation and market conditions. The aim of this study is to develop an economical and parametric analysis of a Distributed Generation System based on gas turbines able to satisfy the energy demand of a typical Hotel complex. Here we show the economic performance of six cases combining different designs and regimes of operation. The software Turbomatch, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University, was used to simulate the off-design performance of the engines in different ambient and load conditions. A clear distinction between cases running at full load and following the load could be observed in the results. Full load regime can give a shorter return on the investment than following the load. Despite of CHP systems currently are not economically attractive, in the future this scenario may change due to the environmental regulations and unavailability of low price fuel for large centralised power stations. CHP has a significant potential but requires favourable legislative and fair energy market conditions to successfully increase its share in the power generation market.

scholarly journals Long-term optimization case studies for combined heat and power system

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolis Polyzakis ◽  
Areti Malkogianni ◽  
Eli Gomes ◽  
Kostas Zapounidis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Electricity Infrastructure

In the next years distributed poly-generation systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the electricity infrastructure and market. The successful spread of small-scale generation either connected to the distribution network or on the customer side of the meter depends on diverse issues, such as the possibilities of technical implementation, resource availability, environmental aspects, and regulation and market conditions. The aim of this approach is to develop an economic and parametric analysis of a distributed generation system based on gas turbines able to satisfy the energy demand of a typical hotel complex. Here, the economic performance of six cases combining different designs and regimes of operation is shown. The software Turbomatch, the gas turbine performance code of Cranfield University, was used to simulate the off-design performance of the engines in different ambient and load conditions. A clear distinction between cases running at full load and following the load could be observed in the results. Full load regime can give a shorter return on the investment then following the load. In spite combined heat and power systems being currently not economically attractive, this scenario may change in future due to environmental regulations and unavailability of low price fuel for large centralized power stations. Combined heat and power has a significant potential although it requires favorable legislative and fair energy market conditions to successfully increase its share in the power generation market.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

Fatigue Strength and Metal Condition in the Context of Gas Turbine Buckets Life Extension

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Ivanov ◽  
Alexander I. Rybnikov
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Metal Properties

Criteria for remaining life estimation and methods for enhancing fatigue resistance of heavy-duty gas turbine bucket metal are based on the analysis of changes in the structure and properties of metal after long-term operation. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) resistance is shown to be a decisive characteristic in the residual life estimation of turbine buckets after operation over 100,000 hours. The tests of the buckets from cast and wrought nickel-based alloys after long-term operation demonstrated decreasing of fatigue strength by up to 25%. The metal structure in operation undergoes notable deterioration mainly in phase redistribution. The size and configuration of metal phases are changing also. It caused the changes in metal properties. The decrease of the bucket fatigue strength correlates with the decrease of metal ductility. The reconditioning heat treatment resulted in restoring mechanical properties of metal. The fatigue resistance also increased nearly to the initial level. The influence of operational factors on bucket fatigue strength deterioration has been established. The mechanical damages on bucket airfoil may decrease the fatigue resistance. We found the correlation of endurance limit and damages depth. The procedures for metal properties recovering and buckets service life substantial extension have been developed. It has resulted in the extension of the buckets service life by up to 50% over the assigned life in gas turbines operated by Gazprom.

Development of the Hybrid Gas Turbine: 1st Year Summary — Research and Development on Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryozo Tanaka ◽  
Testuo Tastumi ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa ◽  
Koji Sanbonsugi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Generation Technology

Based on the successful results of the Japanese national project for 300 kW ceramic gas turbine(CGT302) development (this project was finished in March 1999), the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) started “Research and Development on Practical Industrial Co-generation Technology” project in August 1999. The objective of this project is to encourage prompt industrial applications of co-generation technology that employs hybrid gas turbines (HGT; using both metal and ceramic parts in its high-temperature section) by confirming its soundness and reliability. The development activities are performed through material evaluation tests and long-term operation tests for the HGT of the medium size (8,000-kW class). It is expected that the development can realize low pollution and reducing the emission of CO2 with highly efficient use of energy. The HGT will be developed by applying ceramic components to an existing commercial 7,000-kW class gas turbine. The development targets are thermal efficiency of 34% or higher, output of 8,000-kW class, inlet temperature of 1250deg-C, and 4,000hrs of operation period for confirmation of reliability. The HGT for long-term evaluation tests and the test plant are under development. This paper gives the summary of last year’s developments in the HGT project.

Analysis of Long-Term Gas Turbine Operation With a Model-Based Data Reconciliation Technique

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Rudolf ◽  
Manfred Wirsum ◽  
Martin Gassner ◽  
Stefano Bernero
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Data Reconciliation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Operating Data ◽  
Term Operation

The continuous monitoring of gas turbines in commercial power plant operation provides long-term engine data of field units. Evaluation of the engine performance is challenging as, apart from variations of operating points and environmental conditions, the state of the engine is subject to changes due to the ageing of engine components. The measurement devices applied to the unit influence the analysis by means of their accuracy, which may itself alter with time. Furthermore, the available measurements do usually not cover all necessary information for the evaluation of the engine performance. To overcome these issues, this paper describes a method to systematically evaluate long term operation data without the incorporation of engine design models since the latter do not cover performance changes when components are ageing. Key focus of the methodology thereby is to assess long-term emission performance in the most reliable manner. The analysis applies a data reconciliation method to long-term operating data in order to model the engine performance including non-measured variables and to account for measurement inaccuracies. This procedure relies on redundancies in the data set due to available measurements and the identification of suitable additional constituting equations that are independent of component ageing. The resulting over-determined set of equations allows for performing a data set optimization with respect to a minimal cumulated deviation to the measurement values, which represents the most probable, real state of the engine. The paper illustrates the development and application of the method to analyse the gas path of a commercial gas turbine in a combined cycle power plant with long-term operating data.

scholarly journals Long-term carbon monoxide emission behavior of heavy-duty gas turbines: An approach for model-based monitoring and diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175682771879192
Author(s):  
Moritz Lipperheide ◽  
Martin Gassner ◽  
Frank Weidner ◽  
Stefano Bernero ◽  
Manfred Wirsum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Monitoring And Diagnostics

Emission measurements are a valuable source of information regarding the condition of gas turbine combustors. Aging of the hot gas path components can lead to an emission increase, which may ultimately require a readjustment of operational settings and accordingly impacts plant availability and maintenance. While NOx emissions may become crucial in high flame temperatures at full load, carbon monoxide emissions typically restrict low-load operation, which electricity markets demand more frequently due to the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable power. This paper presents a semiempirical carbon monoxide model that allows for quantifying the evolution of carbon monoxide emissions for GT24/GT26 heavy-duty gas turbines in commercial long-term operation. Input parameters to the derived carbon monoxide model are either directly measured or reconstructed by virtual measurements based on a simplified engine model. The method is developed with commissioning and operation data of three different gas turbines of GE’s GT24/GT26 fleet and validated over a total of 8.5 years of observation. Aging is accounted for by incorporating control sensor deviation and the formation of cold spots in the combustor into the semiempirical model. When these effects are taken into account, the carbon monoxide prediction is improved by up to 60% in terms of root mean square error of the log10(carbon monoxide) values compared to a benchmark case without consideration of aging.

scholarly journals Finite Element Modeling of Geothermal Source of Heat Pump in Long-Term Operation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Leszek Pająk ◽  
Bartosz Papiernik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Space Cooling ◽  
Borehole Heat Exchangers

Model simulation allows to present the time-varying temperature distribution of the ground source for heat pumps. A system of 25 double U-shape borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) in long-term operation and three scenarios were created. In these scenarios, the difference between balanced and non-balanced energy load was considered as well as the influence of the hydrogeological factors on the temperature of the ground source. The aim of the study was to compare different thermal regimes of BHEs operation and examine the influence of small-scale and short-time thermal energy storage on ground source thermal balance. To present the performance of the system according to geological and hydrogeological factors, a Feflow® software (MIKE Powered by DHI Software) was used. The temperature for the scenarios was visualized after 10 and 30 years of the system’s operation. In this paper, a case is presented in which waste thermal energy from space cooling applications during summer months was used to upgrade thermal performance of the ground (geothermal) source of a heat pump. The study shows differences in the temperature in the ground around different Borehole Heat Exchangers. The cold plume from the not-balanced energy scenario is the most developed and might influence the future installations in the vicinity. Moreover, seasonal storage can partially overcome the negative influence of the travel of a cold plume. The most exposed to freezing were BHEs located in the core of the cold plumes. Moreover, the influence of the groundwater flow on the thermal recovery of the several BHEs is visible. The proper energy load of the geothermal source heat pump installation is crucial and it can benefit from small-scale storage. After 30 years of operation, the minimum average temperature at 50 m depth in the system with waste heat from space cooling was 2.1 °C higher than in the system without storage and 1.6 °C higher than in the layered model in which storage was not applied.

Towards an Improved Lifing Methodology for Thermocouple Probes Used in Gas Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Scervini ◽  
Catherine Rae ◽  
Richard Page ◽  
Mark Rudkin ◽  
Daniel Loveless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Engineering Data ◽  
Metallurgical Analysis ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The University

The reliability of temperature probes in gas turbines is dependent on their capability to withstand the harsh environment they experience when installed in an engine. The severe conditions sensors experience during operation requires the use of appropriate methodologies to assess their life. During the ALPHET project the University of Cambridge and Esterline Advanced Sensors have been working on developing an advanced lifing methodology: in order to predict the life of thermocouple probes used in gas turbines, this combines accelerated laboratory tests based on the salt deposition method, combustor rig tests, metallurgical analysis of probes returned after engine service and information extracted from their associated temperature data acquired during their long term operation in aero gas turbines. The work included analysis of materials used in current temperature probes and investigation of advanced materials for future thermocouple sensors that will work at temperatures higher than today’s probes. This paper will summarise the main features of the improved lifing methodology and the challenges associated with the use of complex engineering data obtained from engines.

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