Comparison of 4 Methods for Scalable Kinetic (Fast) Vitrification of Cells: From Theoretical Considerations to Feasibility and Practicality
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Kinetic (very rapid) vitrification (K-VF) is a promising approach for cryopreservation (CP) of cells but existing methods are not scalable due to the Liedenfrost effect (LFE), which substantially impedes the rate of cooling. Here, we compare 4 emerging approaches that discuss scalability and ultra-fast cooling, namely, cryogenic oscillating heat pipes (COHP), microstructured evaporation in thin films, K-VF in nanodroplets and thin film evaporation in microstructured with our methods of hyperfast cooling KrioBlastTM. We show that only KrioBlastTM can ensure hyper-fast rates of cooling by elimination of the LFE. The logistics and other aspects of practicality of 4 methods are also discussed.
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2008 ◽
2019 ◽
Vol 131
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pp. 85-95
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2018 ◽
Vol 8
(1)
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pp. 99-112
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