Testing and Analysis of Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems Using the Euro NCAP Vehicle Target

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Schwall ◽  
John D. Neal ◽  
Charles J. Retallack ◽  
Robert E. Larson ◽  
Graeme F. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Euro Ncap ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forward Collision Warning

Passenger cars are increasingly available equipped with Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB). AEB systems detect likely forward collisions and apply the vehicle’s brakes if the driver fails to do so, reducing vehicle speed in order to mitigate or potentially avoid a collision. The performance of these systems is experimentally evaluated in tests including those specified by the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) and by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). In both of these testing programs the subject vehicle is driven towards a Euro NCAP Vehicle Target, an inflatable device designed to have visual and radar reflective characteristics similar to the rear of a compact car. The results reported by Euro NCAP and the IIHS have revealed significant differences in the AEB test results achieved by various AEB-equipped vehicles. Such differences exist even between vehicles with similar sensing technologies, suggesting that the source of such disparities may be differences in sensor data processing methods or differences in collision mitigation and avoidance strategies. This paper details the performance of AEB as well as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems when tested with the Euro NCAP Vehicle Target. These results are analyzed, exploring the differences in the performance of these systems under the test conditions and discussing possible reasons for the observed disparities.

scholarly journals An Overview of Heavy Trucks/Buses Braking Performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Ziernicki
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Brake Performance ◽  
Drag Factor ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicles

The writer discusses the performance of heavy duty vehicles during emergency braking. The paper reviews statistical data related to the trucking accidents, and discusses brake performance, tires, and the stopping ability of heavy duty vehicles. Relationships between drag factor, coefficient of friction, vehicle speed, type of tire, road surface, brake design, and brake temperature are discussed. Some of the test results performed on heavy trucks are presented. The discussion is general in order to make the presentation useful both to practicing reconstruction specialists, and to attorneys.

A perceptual forward collision warning model using naturalistic driving data

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa H. Tawfeek ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Distance Model ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Forward Collision Warning

Rear-end collisions represent a quarter to one-third of the total number of collisions occurring on North American roads. While there are several methods to mitigate rear-end collision effects, one way is to warn drivers about impending events using forward collision warning (FCW) systems. At the core of any FCW algorithm is a trigger distance at which a message is relayed to the driver to avoid rear-end collisions. The main goal of this paper is to propose a warning distance model based on naturalistic driver following behavior. This was achieved by investigating car-following events within a critical time-to-collision range. A total of 5785 candidate car-following events were identified for the model development from 2 months of naturalistic driving study data of 63 drivers. Using regression analysis, the minimum warning distance was linked to several performance measures. It was found that the relative speed, the host vehicle speed, and the host vehicle acceleration can significantly affect the minimum warning distance. To assess the performance of the developed algorithm, it was compared to six of the existing FCW algorithms in terms of warning distances. The results of the developed algorithm were consistent with the other perceptual FCW algorithms. However, the warning distances of the proposed algorithm were less than the distances produced by the kinematic algorithms. The proposed algorithm could be used as a minimum threshold to trigger an alert for an FCW algorithm. Since the proposed algorithm is developed based on actual driving data, it is expected to be more acceptable by drivers. However, the algorithm needs further testing in real-life to validate this expectation.

scholarly journals An Automatic Emergency Braking Model considering Driver’s Intention Recognition of the Front Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
Kaixia Zhou ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Qu
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Performance ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Intention Recognition ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Driver’S Intention

Driver’s intention of the front vehicle plays an important role in the automatic emergency braking (AEB) system. If the front vehicle brakes suddenly, there is potential collision risk for following vehicle. Therefore, we propose a driver’s intention recognition model for the front vehicle, which is based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network and hidden Markov model (HMM). The brake pedal, accelerator pedal, and vehicle speed data are used as the input of the proposed BP-HMM model to recognize the driver’s intention, which includes uniform driving, normal braking, and emergency braking. According to the recognized driver’s intention transmitted by Internet of vehicles, an AEB model for the following vehicle is proposed, which can dynamically change the critical braking distance under different driving conditions to avoid rear-end collision. In order to verify the performance of the proposed models, we conducted driver’s intention recognition and AEB simulation tests in the cosimulation environment of Simulink and PreScan. The simulation test results show that the average recognition accuracy of the proposed BP-HMM model was 98%, which was better than that of the BP and HMM models. In the Car to Car Rear moving (CCRm) and Car to Car Rear braking (CCRb) tests, the minimum relative distance between the following vehicle and the front vehicle was within the range of 1.5 m–2.7 m and 2.63 m–5.28 m, respectively. The proposed AEB model has better collision avoidance performance than the traditional AEB model and can adapt to individual drivers.

Implementation of Dedicated Short Range Communications Combined with Radar Detection for Forward Collision Warning System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Fong Tsai ◽  
Naveen Chilamkurti ◽  
Ping-Fan Ho ◽  
Yin-Chih Lu
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Radar Detection ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Dedicated Short Range Communications ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Forward Collision Warning

The Forward Collision Warning System (FCWS) has become an important research topic in recent years. Many FCWS products are used in the real world. However, these FCWS products cannot provide emergency braking events warning from the vehicle in front. Hence, this paper proposes a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) system combined with radar detection for an FCWS mechanism. The mechanism proposed by this paper will actively probe the emergency brakes of the vehicle in front and broadcast warning information with the Global Positioning System (GPS) position. Moreover, this mechanism uses warning information based on the GPS position to calculate the time of collision in order to alert the driver.

IMPROVE THE INTERETATION OF STUDY SUBJECTS PANCASILA AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION BY APPLYING KONSTEXTUAL LEARNING MODEL BERBASIS A TASK IN CLASS INFORMATICS XI SMK BINA ECLECTUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016

EDUKASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanudin S. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Applied Learning ◽  
Know How ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Year

The purpose of this research is to know how to incerease the students’ learning achievement that has been applied learning contextual task-based learning model and to know the influence of contextual learning in  the task-based teaching model to improve achievemen and motivation to learn the material pe civis lesson.   This research is an action research by theree rounds. Each round consists of four phases. Design activities are observation, and revesion. The subject of the research is XI grade students of Bina Informatika Ternate accademic year 2015/2016. Data obtained in the form of a formative test results, observation sheet teaching and learning activities. The results of the research showed that students’ achivement increased from round I to III that the round 1, (70.00 % ), (92,50 %)  3 cycles, conclusions of this research is the method of cooperatif learning can be a positive influence on students motivation and achievement in material udaya politics in Indonesia. It means that this model can be used as one of the alternative learning for Pkn.            Kata  kunci: PKn, cooperative learning method

Methodology to Increase Flexibility in Inter-Region Flow Control for Urban Traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199742
Author(s):  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
Monica Menendez ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Region Flow ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Transfer Flow ◽  
Supply Level

Perimeter control is used to regulate transfer flows between urban regions. The greedy control (GC) method takes either the minimum or the maximum for the control inputs. Although it has the advantage of simplicity for real-time feasibility, a few existing studies have shown that it can sometimes have negative impacts because of unnecessary transfer flow restrictions. To reduce unnecessary restrictions, this study provides a method that gives flexibility to ease the strict conditions of the conventional GC. First, we propose a modification as a way of granting exceptions to the flow restriction under specific conditions. Second, we develop an algorithm to determine the threshold dynamically for accepting the exception, by comparing the possible outflow loss of the subject region and the possible outflow gain of its neighboring regions. The test results show that this flexible greedy control can handle the balance between the transfer demands and the greed of regions for securing the supply level, while increasing the performance in both vehicle hours traveled and trip completion.

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