European NCAP Program Developments to Address Driver Distraction, Drowsiness and Sudden Sickness

Driver distraction and drowsiness remain significant contributors to death and serious injury on our roads and are long standing issues in road safety strategies around the world. With developments in automotive technology, including driver monitoring, there are now more options available for automotive manufactures to mitigate risks associated with driver state. Such developments in Occupant Status Monitoring (OSM) are being incorporated into the European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP) Safety Assist protocols. The requirements for OSM technologies are discussed along two dimensions: detection difficulty and behavioral complexity. More capable solutions will be able to provide higher levels of system availability, being the proportion of time a system could provide protection to the driver, and will be able to capture a greater proportion of complex real-word driver behavior. The testing approach could initially propose testing using both a dossier of evidence provided by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) alongside selected use of track testing. More capable systems will not rely only on warning strategies but will also include intervention strategies when a driver is not attentive. The roadmap for future OSM protocol development could consider a range of known and emerging safety risks including driving while intoxicated by alcohol or drugs, cognitive distraction, and the driver engagement requirements for supervision and take-over performance with assisted and automated driving features.

The relevance of creating a methodology analysis to assess the passive safety of armored civil vehicles

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). At present, there are no international standards for the passive safety of armored vehicles. This means that the developers themselves choose the conditions for conducting crash tests and the requirements for their results.The purpose of the study was to conduct a brief expert analysis of the historical domestic experience in the fi eld of passive safety, as well as to analyze the applicability of the methods included in the requirements of the UN Regulation and Euro NCAP for the passive safety of the armored civil vehicles.Methodology and research methods. The crash tests results of armored vehicles ZIS-110SO and ZiL-4105 were analyzed by experts. The analyses included the requirements of regulatory documents concerning the testing of vehicles for passive safety (UN Regulation, Euro NCAP).Scientifi c novelty and results. It has been established that the armored vehicles ZIS-110SO and ZiL-4105 did not meet the UN Regulation No. 94. It was also found that not all of the UN Regulations and Euro NCAP standards could be applied to assess the passive safety of armored civil vehicles.Practical signifi cance. In this work, load modes which could be taken as a test matrix basis for armored vehicles have been selected from the regulatory documents. In addition, the inexpediency of using some of the tests was substantiated.

Simulation of AEBS Applicability by Changing Radar Detection Angle

As smart cities become a global topic, interest in smart mobility, the core of smart cities, is also growing. The technology that comes closest to general users is “autonomous driving”. In particular, the successful market entry and establishment of some private companies proved that “autonomous driving” is not technology of the future but imminent reality. However, safety in autonomous vehicles that rely on sensors instead of the driver’s five senses has been the focus of attention from the beginning and continues to be so. In this study, we attempted to counter this interest. Based on the actual data of thirty traffic accidents, assuming the AEBS (Autonomous Emergency Braking System) was installed to assist the driver in safe driving, it was reinterpreted through simulation to see what changes occurred in the accident. In the computer program, PC-Crash, the results were first analyzed through simulation using Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Program)’s AEBS test standards. Subsequently, the other variables in the AEBS were controlled and the accident was reinterpreted by changing only the angle of the radar detection sensor. As a result, it was confirmed that a total of 27 accidents out of thirty accidents could have been prevented with the AEBS. In addition, it proved that the crash avoidance rate of vehicles gradually increased as the radar angle increased.

Assessment of Crash Performance of an Automotive Component Made through Additive Manufacturing

The objective of this study was to apply an innovative technique to manufacture a plastic automotive component to reduce its weight and costs, and guarantee its design was safe. A frontal impact sled test was simulated, and the damages to the occupant’s legs were assessed, with specific reference to the dashboard’s glove box. The replacement of the current glove box with a new component fabricated using additive manufacturing was analyzed to evaluate its passive safety performance in the event of an automobile accident. The materials analyzed were polyamide and polypropylene, both reinforced with 5% basalt. The stiffness of the system was previously characterized by reproducing a subsystem test. Subsequently, the same rating test performed by the Euro NCAP (New Car Assessment Program) was reproduced numerically, and the main biomechanical parameters required by the Euro NCAP were estimated for both the current and the additive production of the component.

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Pedestrian Subsystem Impactor With Sedan Vehicle and Truck Model

The increase in public transportation in the last decade has resulted in a larger pedestrian population and hence a larger number of pedestrian collisions. In the past, car-pedestrian accident prevention had been a challenge for automotive and transport safety members. Recent reports in car-pedestrian accidents have influenced many improvements to prioritize pedestrian protection for automotive industries. The number of pedestrian fatalities in U.S has raised in last decade proportionally, Car manufacturers, and transport investigation teams are implementing new product designs and adding new development methods to reduce the risk of pedestrian collisions. In this study, adult headform and upper legform is tested with a finite element vehicle model to examine the simulation results and injury behavior during impact. All finite element simulation tests are produced under Euro-NCAP Committee regulations. Finite element models are configured as per the regulation’s and testing criteria. Both upper legform impactor and adult headform finite simulation results are tested with assessing criteria limits. Finite simulation tests are carried on the LS-DYNA – Code platform. This comparative study between sedan and pickup finite vehicle models gives an injury risk prediction of pedestrian safety and assesses design parameters of automotive industries.

Analysis of the Damage of Cyclists in Electric Bicycle - Sedan Angle Collision

In order to study the vulnerable factors of the traffic accidents—the cyclist's injury factor at the moment of the accident—the computer simulation analysis method is used to restore the information collected by a real accident combined with the scene. From the established multi-rigid kinematics model, the corresponding injury situation of a body structure of a traffic accident rider is obtained, which involves the collision speed, the collision angle, the acceleration of each part of the human body and the force. The data is compared with ECE R44, FMVSS 213 and Euro NCAP 2009 regulations to analyze and restore various factors of bicycle injury in the collision. The results show that when the car and the non-motor vehicle have a low-angle collision, the cyclist's injury is mainly caused by the collision with the ground after the parabola movement, and the damage position of the human body depends on the order of contact with the ground.