Water Based Propellant for Cold Gas Thruster

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lee ◽  
Adam Huang
Keyword(s):  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Nanoelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Vaporization Rate ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Capillary Tubing ◽  
Micro Propulsion

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have produced ideas and techniques for creating new devices at the micro/nano scale. Nano/pico satellites have limited orientation capability partly due to the current state of microthruster devices. Development of a self-contained micro propulsion system would enable dynamic orbital maneuvering of pico- and nano-class satellites. The act of vaporizing a fluid via nanochannels to vacuum has not been studied and the limitations are unknown, but it could provide a novel method of propulsion for small satellites. However, solution properties are transient during vaporization which affects fluid flow. Thus, experiments have been designed to measure solution properties including density, evaporation rate, and vaporization pressure. A setup has been designed monitor the solution mass and volume inside a vacuum chamber. Evaporation of the solution is affected by the vacuum pressure, capillary tubing diameter, solution temperature, and solution concentration. When maintained at the solution vapor pressure, the vaporization rate has ranged from 0.003 to 0.025 grams per minute across the varying concentrations. Preliminary results have indicated some interesting trends regarding solution composition and vaporization rate. The results obtained from preliminary experiments will be used in conjunction with future experiments to determine the viability of nanochannels to be used in the small satellite propulsion system.

Methods of Mass-Flow Characterization of Water-Glycol Mixtures Through Micro/Nano-Channels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lee ◽  
Po-Hao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Nano Channel ◽  
Micro Propulsion

The design of a novel micro-propulsion system for small satellites of the nano-satellites class (1–10kg) that is low-cost, non-toxic, non-flammable, and no-pressurized at launch conditions is currently being developed at the University of Arkansas. The goal of the present micro-propulsion system is to achieve milli-Newton thrust levels with specific impulses on the order of 100s. The proposed propellant is the water-propylene glycol. However, little data is available for its fluid and thermal characteristics at the gaseous state, nor the evolution of similar mixtures through micro/nano-channels. This paper will present experimental methods of measuring the mass flow rate of the water-glycol mixtures through micro/nano-channels. A MEMS fluidic chamber fabricated with a nano-channel is used to quantify the mass flow through optical tracking of liquid interfaces confined in the chamber. The dimensions of the channels are designed with the purpose to act as a passive throttling valve that prevent liquid-phase fluids from entering into the nozzle in order to achieve a simple water-based cold-gas propulsion system.

Design and Development: A Micro-Propulsion System with Propane Propellant for Small Satellites

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2015-2021
Author(s):  
Hai-Bin Tang ◽  
Zhen-Peng Zi ◽  
Xiao-Wei Jin ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Yu Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propulsion System ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Micro Propulsion

DEVELOPMENT OF A CATALYTIC HYDROGEN MICRO-PROPULSION SYSTEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 178 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2039-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIH-PENG CHEN ◽  
YEI-CHIN CHAO ◽  
CHIH-YUNG WU ◽  
JUNG-CHANG LEE ◽  
GUAN-BANG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Propulsion System ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogen ◽  
Micro Propulsion

scholarly journals Development Trends and Perspectives of Future Sensors and MEMS/NEMS

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiong Zhu ◽  
Xinmiao Liu ◽  
Qiongfeng Shi ◽  
Tianyiyi He ◽  
Zhongda Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Nanoelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fast Development

With the fast development of the fifth-generation cellular network technology (5G), the future sensors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are presenting a more and more critical role to provide information in our daily life. This review paper introduces the development trends and perspectives of the future sensors and MEMS/NEMS. Starting from the issues of the MEMS fabrication, we introduced typical MEMS sensors for their applications in the Internet of Things (IoTs), such as MEMS physical sensor, MEMS acoustic sensor, and MEMS gas sensor. Toward the trends in intelligence and less power consumption, MEMS components including MEMS/NEMS switch, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT), and MEMS energy harvesting were investigated to assist the future sensors, such as event-based or almost zero-power. Furthermore, MEMS rigid substrate toward NEMS flexible-based for flexibility and interface was discussed as another important development trend for next-generation wearable or multi-functional sensors. Around the issues about the big data and human-machine realization for human beings’ manipulation, artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) technologies were finally realized using sensor nodes and its wave identification as future trends for various scenarios.

Experimental Investigation on the Anti-Fouling and Heat Transfer Performance of the Coated Surfaces

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-ming Xu ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Ying-lun Gao ◽  
Zhong-bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Heat Transfer Performance ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Coated Surfaces

The main purpose of this investigation was to study the anti-fouling and heat transfer performance of coated surfaces (ECTFE, FEP, PTFE and PFA). In the present investigation, the heat transfer performance of the coated surfaces was compared to base metal surfaces, and crystallization fouling experiments of coated surfaces were carried out under various operating parameters such as solution temperature, solution concentration and hydrodynamics of the system. The characteristic parameters of the coated surface, such as surface roughness, surface contour, contact angle and surface energy were measured and calculated, which were used to analyze the anti-fouling performances of the coated surface. The results show that compared with the base metal surface, Nusselt number of coated surfaces decrease. But coated surfaces have advantage on anti-fouling ability.

Research and Development of Gravitation Electro-Galvanizing Testing Apparatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2664-2671
Author(s):  
Xue Rong Zhang ◽  
Kai Yong Yan ◽  
Yan Cai Chen ◽  
Tang Zheng Zhang ◽  
Dao Bing Huan
Keyword(s):  
Design Principle ◽  
New Product ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Testing Apparatus ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
New Type ◽  
Product Defect

Putting forward a kind of flexible electroplating method based on the fission type vertical plating bath, A new type of gravitation electro-galvanizing testing apparatus was developed. This paper expatiate the design thought of the testing apparatus, and introduces the design principle and constituent as well as the technological process. Using the device, the author completed various plating of gravity test under different parameters, and verified the integrity and reliability of the device. This testing apparatus consists mainly of zinc dissolving, fluid mixing, electroplating and cleaning. Mechanical configuration of this apparatus is gather together, Control system is credibility, Technologic target is advanced, Work pieces install and remove is convenience. The parameters of solution speed, solution temperature, solution concentration, and the distance of negative and positive node are controllable and adjustable. This apparatus support accurate and reliable method for enterprise in developing new product, diagnosing product defect and optimizing process.

Performance Curves for Single-Stage Vapor Compression Cycles With Solution Circuit

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Amrane ◽  
M. V. Rane ◽  
R. Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Weak Solution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Performance Curves

The performance curves for a single-stage vapor compression heat pump with solution circuit (VCHSC) and for its modified version, the cycle using a subcooler and a preheater, are obtained and are compared for the same total UA value including all heat exchangers. The two cycles are simulated at low and high temperature lifts. The weak solution concentration and flow rate are varied. The parameters studied are the cooling COP, the solution heat exchanger (SHX) effectiveness, the pressure ratio, the solution temperature glides in the absorber and the desorber, the desorber load, and the distribution of the UA value. Changing the weak solution concentration from 20 to 90 wt% ammonia increased the desorber load ten times. The cooling COP improved by as much as 20 percent by incorporating the preheater and the subcooler, for both the low and the high temperature lifts. Compared to the conventional ammonia vapor compression cycle, the modified VCHSC showed a maximum improvement in cooling COP of 88 and 35 percent for the low and high temperature lifts, respectively. The results indicate that VCHSC is a very versatile heat pump and/or refrigeration system suitable for a wide range of applications and changing operating conditions.

Production of Silk Sericin Nanofibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Hua Zhang ◽  
Masuhiro Tsukada ◽  
Yuji Satoh ◽  
Hideaki Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Smooth Surfaces ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Silk Sericin ◽  
Syringe Needle ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Working Distance

Electrospinning is a scientifically attractive spinning technique, since it can produce fibers with the diameters ranging from the sub-micron to nano dimensional scale. The fiber diameters and their standard deviation primarily depend on the polymer solution properties and electrospinning process variables. Silk sericin powder was obtained from the raw silk fiber of Bombyx mori silkworm. The solution was prepared by dissolving silk sericin powder in water at 85 °C for 30 minutes. In the electrospinning process, voltage 20 kV was applied and the inner diameter of the syringe needle was 0.3 mm. The distance from the syringe tip to the target was 15 cm. The sericin nanofibers with smooth surfaces can not be produced at 40 wt%. However, fine nanofibers were produced at the concentrations of 50 wt% and 60 wt%. It was suggested that the average diameters of the nanofibers increased with increasing solution concentration and the optimum concentration was 50 wt% for best nanofibers. Then solution 50 wt% was electrospun with different voltages from 13 kV to 25 kV, the working distance is 10 cm, the as-spun silk nanofibers were produced and exhibited fine nanofibers with smooth surfaces. The average diameters and diameter distributions of the nanofibers decreased with increasing voltage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document