Technology on Trial: The Social Framework of Safe Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Munsell
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Worker's Compensation ◽  
Products Liability ◽  
Worker’S Compensation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Operator Behavior ◽  
New Framework

Blocked by novel judicial defenses that deprived them of the common law remedies that the general public enjoyed, workers agitated for decades until growing political pressure led employers and the courts to accept worker’s compensation in America at the beginning of the twentieth century. Two remarkable side-effects of the Worker’s Compensation Acts were the ignition of the safety movement and the reformulation of tort law in regards to technological harms. These changes came just as some of the dangers formerly reserved for industrial workers began to be visited upon consumers in the form of new, complex, and mass-produced products. Safety-minded engineers joined together to reassess the role of technology in accident-related injury, creating a new framework for design that shed old deterministic assumptions about operator behavior. Likewise, the legal community re-imagined tort law in view of a broad no-fault worker’s compensation system. The legal formulation culminated in a strict products liability regime in 1964, and a sea change in the social status of technology itself. But these two revolutionary conceptions, both oriented toward the protection of the user, are not equal: modern legal disputes serve to expose the disconnect between the engineering and legal frameworks of safe design.

Understanding Interaction in Contemporary Digital Music: from instruments to behavioural objects

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bown ◽  
Alice Eldridge ◽  
Jon McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Digital Music ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
New Framework

Throughout the short history of interactive digital music, there have been frequent calls for a new language of interaction that incorporates and acknowledges the unique capabilities of the computational medium. In this paper we suggest that a conceptualisation of possible modes of performance–time interaction can only be sensibly approached in light of the ways that computers alter the social–artistic interactions that are precursive to performance. This conceptualisation hinges upon a consideration of the changing roles of composition, performer and instrument in contemporary practice. We introduce the termbehavioural objectto refer to software that has the capacity to act as the musical and social focus of interaction in digital systems. Whilst formative, this term points to a new framework for understanding the role of software in musical culture. We discuss the potential for behavioural objects to contribute actively to musical culture through two types of agency:performative agencyandmemetic agency.

scholarly journals Institutional aspects of the social enterprises’ sector development (case for Poland and Ukraine)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lyakh
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Legal Frameworks

The potential contribution of social enterprises to work integration, job creation, and service delivery remains largely unrealized both in Poland and Ukraine. This paper focuses on the analysis of the role of social economy and social enterprises sector in providing employment opportunities and wide range of services for group of interest. One of the major obstacles to the discussion and study of the topic is the lack of a clear and concise definition. It is requiring investigating evolution of social enterprise as a concept and as a sector of the Polish and Ukrainian economies. Institutional aspects and legal frameworks are considered in order to define the appropriate eco-system for social enterprises sector support and fostering. Attention was also paid to frame of the policy for social enterprises support and ongoing decentralization of public authority that is allowing to clarify what level of authority should be responsible for concrete policy measures elaborating.

scholarly journals British Workers and Ottoman Modernity in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Akın Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire

AbstractIn the mid-nineteenth century, when the Ottoman state launched an industrialization campaign within the context of increasing contacts between the Ottoman and British governments, hundreds of British industrial workers migrated to Istanbul to work in Ottoman military factories, along with technology transfer from Britain. This article narrates the history of these workers and of the community they established in Istanbul in a period spanning four decades, from the beginning of the mechanization efforts in the 1830s until the economic crisis in the mid-1870s. Drawing on archival evidence from Ottoman and British sources, it analyzes the larger context of British workers’ migration from Britain, their relations with the Ottoman state officials and local workers, and their experiences and struggles in the workplace and the city. Although both British and Ottoman historians have largely ignored their experiences due to their marginal numbers and distinct statuses, these workers actively took part in the Ottoman industrialization process, in the development of capitalist class relations, and in the social, cultural, and spatial transformation of the capital city in the Ottoman age of reforms. By means of this analysis, the article aims to highlight the significance of immigrant workers as actors of the history of large-scale transformations in the late Ottoman Empire as well as underlining the role of trans-imperial labor migration in the history of modernity.

scholarly journals Religious diversity, legislation, and Christian privilege

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110220
Author(s):  
Douglas Ezzy ◽  
Rebecca Banham ◽  
Lori Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Christian Privilege ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This article examines the role of legal frameworks and everyday interaction in the negotiation of religious diversity in Victoria, Australia. We argue that both formal legal frameworks and everyday interactions are significant in encouraging the respectful negotiation of religious difference. Experiences of historical privilege and visibility impact how religious people and groups experience and understand these processes. Or, put another way, the social position of various faith groups in Australian society shapes how people engage with both legal frameworks such as anti-discrimination legislation, and with other people in everyday interaction. Further, people’s everyday interactions shape their responses towards legal frameworks. Anti-discrimination and anti-vilification laws also shape everyday interactions through an effect that can be described as the ‘shadow of the law’, in which legal decisions communicate information about normative expectations that particular forms of behaviour are acceptable or unacceptable.

Hobo History

Drift ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter begins by exploring the concept and practice of vagrancy, tracing the historical evolution of vagrancy laws, their twined illegalities of poverty and mobility, and their relevance in the social construction of hobos and drifters. The chapter then turns to the historical, political economic, and spatial production of the North American hobo. The progressive politics and collective organization of the hobo are next explored, with special emphasis on the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the American West. Here the organizational role of song and music, as embodied in the “Little Red Song Book,” is also documented. The chapter concludes with an examination of the IWW “free speech fights” and the role of hobos and drifters in their success.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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