Conductive Heating of Li-Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibang Xu ◽  
Meng Xu ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Peng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Conductive Heating ◽  
External Heating ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been increasingly used in electric vehicles (EVs) in the past ten years due to their high energy and power density. However, the poor performance at low temperatures is the main challenge to the deployment of EVs equipped with Li-ion batteries because it has great influence on the driving range. In this study, conductive heating method is proposed to improve the lithium ion battery performance at low temperatures (−20°C ∼ −5°C). Both experimental testing and numerical simulation are employed to compare different heating protocols to minimize the temperature gradient, external heating power and heating time. Results show that simultaneous heating with small external power and high discharge voltage can obtain optimal performance as compared to preheating protocol. In addition, internal heating combined with external heating could heat up the battery from −20°C to 0°C in only 1 minute which is an effective strategy.

Probing the Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Structure and Properties of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Stein ◽  
Chien-Fan Chen ◽  
Matthew Mullings ◽  
David Jaime ◽  
Audrey Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Li Ion

Particle size plays an important role in the electrochemical performance of cathodes for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. High energy planetary ball milling of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode materials was investigated as a route to reduce the particle size and improve the electrochemical performance. The effect of ball milling times, milling speeds, and composition on the structure and properties of NMC cathodes was determined. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that ball milling decreased primary particle (crystallite) size by up to 29%, and the crystallite size was correlated with the milling time and milling speed. Using relatively mild milling conditions that provided an intermediate crystallite size, cathodes with higher capacities, improved rate capabilities, and improved capacity retention were obtained within 14 μm-thick electrode configurations. High milling speeds and long milling times not only resulted in smaller crystallite sizes but also lowered electrochemical performance. Beyond reduction in crystallite size, ball milling was found to increase the interfacial charge transfer resistance, lower the electrical conductivity, and produce aggregates that influenced performance. Computations support that electrolyte diffusivity within the cathode and film thickness play a significant role in the electrode performance. This study shows that cathodes with improved performance are obtained through use of mild ball milling conditions and appropriately designed electrodes that optimize the multiple transport phenomena involved in electrochemical charge storage materials.

scholarly journals Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Patrick Hynan ◽  
Annette von Jouanne ◽  
Alexandre Yokochi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
On The Road

Over the past several decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has continued to increase. Projections estimate that worldwide, more than 125 million EVs will be on the road by 2030. At the heart of these advanced vehicles is the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which provides the required energy storage. This paper presents and compares key components of Li-ion batteries and describes associated battery management systems, as well as approaches to improve the overall battery efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Material and thermal characteristics are identified as critical to battery performance. The positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes and the physical implementation of Li-ion batteries are discussed. In addition, current research on novel high energy density batteries is presented, as well as opportunities to repurpose and recycle the batteries.

SnSb/TiO2/C nanocomposite fabricated by high energy ball milling for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (39) ◽  
pp. 32462-32466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihua Zhao ◽  
Wen Qi ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
Hong Zeng ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Li Ion

Alloy anodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted great interest due to their high capacity.

Advances of top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansor Prima Yuda ◽  
Pierre Yosia Edward Koraag ◽  
Ferry Iskandar ◽  
Hutomo Suryo Wasisto ◽  
Afriyanti Sumboja
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Silicon Anode ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Synthesis Approach

With a remarkable theoretical specific capacity of ~4200 mAh g-1, silicon anode is at the forefront to enable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with ultra-high energy density. However, we have yet to...

Effect of Al(OH)3 in Enhancing PbSnF4 Anode Performances for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery

2015 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis P. Opra ◽  
Anatoly B. Podgorbunsky ◽  
Sergey V. Gnedenkov ◽  
Sergey L. Sinebryukhov ◽  
Alexander A. Sokolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Initial Capacity

Two-phase Al(OH)3–PbSnF4 composites (concentrations of aluminum hydroxide are equal to 5 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 30 wt.%) has been prepared by high-energy ball-milling method. The materials were employed as anodes in Li-ion batteries. It was established that PbSnF4-based systems yield high initial capacity of 800–1100 mAh g–1. The reversible specific capacity of Al(OH)3–PbSnF4 (aluminum hydroxide – 15 wt.%) after 10-fold charge–discharge cycling in the range of 2.5–0.005 V attains 120 mAh g–1, while the specific capacity of pure PbSnF4 is equal only to 20 mAh g–1. It has been shown that the deviation from 15 wt.% concentration of Al (OH)3 decreases cycling stability of lead fluorostannate (II).

Tris (2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethyl) Phosphate (TFP) as Flame-Retarded Additives for Li-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Xiong Wang ◽  
Yun Bo He ◽  
Xiang Jun Yang ◽  
Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Li Ion

With high energy density, long cycle life and high voltage Lithium-ion batteries are one of very promising pollution-free power supply. The electrolytes for these batteries consist of flammable organic solvents which are serious hazard under abusive conditions especially for large-scale lithium batteries. To reduce flammability of electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries and resolve safety problem, Tris (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP) was synthesized and added into electrolytes as additive. It was found that the SET decreased significantly with the increase of the concentration of TFP. When the concentration is over 20% (vol.) electrolytes are nonflammable. At the same time, with the concentration increasing, the ion-conductivity decreased and the discharge capacity also came down slowly. The electrochemistry stability of LiCoO2 cathode was improved. According to our study, it is possible to find a cosolvent or additive that makes nonflammable lithium-ion electrolyte be put into practice.

scholarly journals Review: Li-ion Batteries: Basics, Advancement, Challenges & Applications in Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3009-3021
Author(s):  
Lt. Col Pankaj Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Technology

Abstract: Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power source. They power most of today’s portable devices and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale. Lithium-ion batteries are being widely used in military applications for over a decade. These man portable applications include tactical radios, thermal imagers, ECM, ESM, and portable computing. In the next five years, due to the rapid inventions going on in li-ion batteries, the usage of lithium batteries will further expand to heavy-duty platforms, such as military vehicles, boats, shelter applications, aircraft and missiles. The aim of this paper is to review key aspects of Li-ion batteries, the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solution as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use in Indian Armed Forces which are deployed in very harsh conditions across the country. Keywords: Li-ion Battery, NiCd battery

scholarly journals Reviewing the Safe Shipping of Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Cells: A Materials Chemistry Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ashish Rudola ◽  
Christopher J. Wright ◽  
Jerry Barker
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Li Ion

High energy density lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly used nowadays. Three decades’ worth of intense research has led to a good understanding on several aspects of such batteries. But, the issue of their safe storage and transportation is still not widely understood from a materials chemistry perspective. Current international regulations require Li-ion cells to be shipped at 30% SOC (State of Charge) or lower. In this article, the reasons behind this requirement for shipping Li-ion batteries are firstly reviewed and then compared with those of the analogous and recently commercialized sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. For such alkali-ion batteries, the safest state from their active materials viewpoint is at 0 V or zero energy, and this should be their ideal state for storage/shipping. However, a “fully discharged” Li-ion cell used most commonly, composed of graphite-based anode on copper current collector, is not actually at 0 V at its rated 0% SOC, contrary to what one might expect—the detailed mechanism behind the reason for this, namely, copper dissolution, and how it negatively affects cycling performance and cell safety, will be summarized herein. It will be shown that Na-ion cells, capable of using a lighter and cheaper aluminum current collector on the anode, can actually be safely discharged to 0 V (true 0% SOC) and beyond, even to reverse polarity (negative voltages). It is anticipated that this article spurs further research on the 0 V capability of Na-ion systems, with some suggestions for future studies provided.

Design of an Uninterrupted Power Supply with Li-Ion Battery Pack: A Proposal for a Cost-Efficient Design with High Protection Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thealfaqar A. Abdul-jabbar ◽  
Adel A. Obed ◽  
Ahmed J. Abid
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Software Protection ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Cost Efficient

While decreasing their cost, lithium-ion batteries began to enter a vast domain for energy storage field, including solar systems and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density compared to other types. Besides, li-ion batteries require a safe and secure ground to reach the best performance and decrease the explosion risk. The safe operation of the battery is based on the main protection features and balancing the cells. This study offers a battery BMS design that protects li-ion batteries from overcharging, over-discharging and overheating. It is also offering passive cell balancing, an uninterrupted power source to load, and monitoring data. The used controller is Arduino mega 2560, which manages all the hardware and software protection features. Software features that include 1) variable charging speed according to the batteries charging status, 2) measuring the batteries state of health and state of charge, 3) controlling the uninterrupted driver, 4) regulating the charge and discharge voltage, and 5) measure and display all readings.

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