scholarly journals Reviewing the Safe Shipping of Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Cells: A Materials Chemistry Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ashish Rudola ◽  
Christopher J. Wright ◽  
Jerry Barker
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Li Ion

High energy density lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly used nowadays. Three decades’ worth of intense research has led to a good understanding on several aspects of such batteries. But, the issue of their safe storage and transportation is still not widely understood from a materials chemistry perspective. Current international regulations require Li-ion cells to be shipped at 30% SOC (State of Charge) or lower. In this article, the reasons behind this requirement for shipping Li-ion batteries are firstly reviewed and then compared with those of the analogous and recently commercialized sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. For such alkali-ion batteries, the safest state from their active materials viewpoint is at 0 V or zero energy, and this should be their ideal state for storage/shipping. However, a “fully discharged” Li-ion cell used most commonly, composed of graphite-based anode on copper current collector, is not actually at 0 V at its rated 0% SOC, contrary to what one might expect—the detailed mechanism behind the reason for this, namely, copper dissolution, and how it negatively affects cycling performance and cell safety, will be summarized herein. It will be shown that Na-ion cells, capable of using a lighter and cheaper aluminum current collector on the anode, can actually be safely discharged to 0 V (true 0% SOC) and beyond, even to reverse polarity (negative voltages). It is anticipated that this article spurs further research on the 0 V capability of Na-ion systems, with some suggestions for future studies provided.

scholarly journals Current Li-Ion Battery Technologies in Electric Vehicles and Opportunities for Advancements

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Miao ◽  
Patrick Hynan ◽  
Annette von Jouanne ◽  
Alexandre Yokochi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
On The Road

Over the past several decades, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has continued to increase. Projections estimate that worldwide, more than 125 million EVs will be on the road by 2030. At the heart of these advanced vehicles is the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which provides the required energy storage. This paper presents and compares key components of Li-ion batteries and describes associated battery management systems, as well as approaches to improve the overall battery efficiency, capacity, and lifespan. Material and thermal characteristics are identified as critical to battery performance. The positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes and the physical implementation of Li-ion batteries are discussed. In addition, current research on novel high energy density batteries is presented, as well as opportunities to repurpose and recycle the batteries.

Advances of top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansor Prima Yuda ◽  
Pierre Yosia Edward Koraag ◽  
Ferry Iskandar ◽  
Hutomo Suryo Wasisto ◽  
Afriyanti Sumboja
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Silicon Anode ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Synthesis Approach

With a remarkable theoretical specific capacity of ~4200 mAh g-1, silicon anode is at the forefront to enable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with ultra-high energy density. However, we have yet to...

Rechargeable Na/Ni batteries based on the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH redox couple with high energy density and good cycling performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1564-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungyoung Park ◽  
Ziyauddin Khan ◽  
Tae Joo Shin ◽  
Youngsik Kim ◽  
Hyunhyub Ko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Rechargeable Battery ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Battery Systems ◽  
Li Ion

Rechargeable battery systems that use Na-based anodes as alternatives to Li-ion batteries are highly desirable for grid-scale energy storage systems owing to the high abundance and low cost of Na.

Tris (2, 2, 2-Trifluoroethyl) Phosphate (TFP) as Flame-Retarded Additives for Li-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Xiong Wang ◽  
Yun Bo He ◽  
Xiang Jun Yang ◽  
Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Li Ion

With high energy density, long cycle life and high voltage Lithium-ion batteries are one of very promising pollution-free power supply. The electrolytes for these batteries consist of flammable organic solvents which are serious hazard under abusive conditions especially for large-scale lithium batteries. To reduce flammability of electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries and resolve safety problem, Tris (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP) was synthesized and added into electrolytes as additive. It was found that the SET decreased significantly with the increase of the concentration of TFP. When the concentration is over 20% (vol.) electrolytes are nonflammable. At the same time, with the concentration increasing, the ion-conductivity decreased and the discharge capacity also came down slowly. The electrochemistry stability of LiCoO2 cathode was improved. According to our study, it is possible to find a cosolvent or additive that makes nonflammable lithium-ion electrolyte be put into practice.

scholarly journals Review: Li-ion Batteries: Basics, Advancement, Challenges & Applications in Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 3009-3021
Author(s):  
Lt. Col Pankaj Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Technology

Abstract: Li-ion battery technology has become very important in recent years as these batteries show great promise as power source. They power most of today’s portable devices and seem to overcome the psychological barriers against the use of such high energy density devices on a larger scale. Lithium-ion batteries are being widely used in military applications for over a decade. These man portable applications include tactical radios, thermal imagers, ECM, ESM, and portable computing. In the next five years, due to the rapid inventions going on in li-ion batteries, the usage of lithium batteries will further expand to heavy-duty platforms, such as military vehicles, boats, shelter applications, aircraft and missiles. The aim of this paper is to review key aspects of Li-ion batteries, the basic science behind their operation, the most relevant components, anodes, cathodes, electrolyte solution as well as important future directions for R&D of advanced Li-ion batteries for demanding use in Indian Armed Forces which are deployed in very harsh conditions across the country. Keywords: Li-ion Battery, NiCd battery

Design of an Uninterrupted Power Supply with Li-Ion Battery Pack: A Proposal for a Cost-Efficient Design with High Protection Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thealfaqar A. Abdul-jabbar ◽  
Adel A. Obed ◽  
Ahmed J. Abid
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Software Protection ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Cost Efficient

While decreasing their cost, lithium-ion batteries began to enter a vast domain for energy storage field, including solar systems and electric vehicles, due to their high energy density compared to other types. Besides, li-ion batteries require a safe and secure ground to reach the best performance and decrease the explosion risk. The safe operation of the battery is based on the main protection features and balancing the cells. This study offers a battery BMS design that protects li-ion batteries from overcharging, over-discharging and overheating. It is also offering passive cell balancing, an uninterrupted power source to load, and monitoring data. The used controller is Arduino mega 2560, which manages all the hardware and software protection features. Software features that include 1) variable charging speed according to the batteries charging status, 2) measuring the batteries state of health and state of charge, 3) controlling the uninterrupted driver, 4) regulating the charge and discharge voltage, and 5) measure and display all readings.

Enabling Stable and High-Rate Cycling of Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Modification with an Artificial Li+-Conducting Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shixuan Wang ◽  
Alvin Dai ◽  
Yuliang Cao ◽  
Han Xi Yang ◽  
Khalil Amine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Thermal Instability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Oxide Cathode ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Long Life

Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes are investigated to realize high energy density Li ion batteries for long life electric vehicle applications. However, capacity decay and thermal instability due to cathode-electrolyte interfacial...

A Review of Nanostructured TiO2 Application in Li-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Wei ◽  
Jian Xiong Liu ◽  
Yu Chun Dang ◽  
Kun Xu ◽  
Yi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Diffusion Distance ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Insertion Sites

TiO2has large potential ability in Lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and safety. The main reasons that limit the performance of TiO2electrode is its low real capacity which caused by poor conductivity and other factors. Varying bulk TiO2materials to nanoscale is believed a promising method as it could increase Li insertion sites, short the ions diffusion distance and enhance the kinetics. In addition, doping heterogeneous elements or compositing other conductivity materials could enable TiO2to improve electron transfer ability. In this paper, we reviewed the electrochemical performance of some nanostructured TiO2and analyzed the merits and weaknesses. Some challenges and perspectives for future research were also discussed.

scholarly journals Operando Raman analysis of electrolyte changes in Li-ion batteries with hollow-core optical fibre sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Miele ◽  
Wesley Dose ◽  
Ilya Manyakin ◽  
Michael Frosz ◽  
Michael De Volder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Solvation Dynamics ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract New methods are urgently required to identify degradation and failure mechanisms in high energy density energy storage materials such as Ni-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes (NMC811) for Li-ion batteries. Understanding and ultimately avoiding these mechanisms requires in-situ tracking of the complex electrochemical processes that occur in different parts of battery cells. Here we demonstrate a new operando spectroscopy method that enables the tracking of electrolyte chemistry, applied here for high energy density Li-ion batteries with a NMC811 cathode, during electrochemical cycling. This is achieved by embedding a novel hollow-core optical fibre probe inside the battery to monitor the evolution of electrolyte species by background-free Raman spectroscopy. Our data reveals changes in the ratio of carbonate solvents and electrolyte additives as a function of the cell voltage, as well as changes in the lithium-ion solvation dynamics. This advanced operando methodology delivers a new way to study battery degradation mechanisms, and the understanding it develops should contribute to extending the lifetime of next-generation batteries.

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