Optimization of Fixed PV Panel “Tilt” Angles for Maximal Energy Harvest Considering Year-Around Sky Coverage Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Omar Gwesha ◽  
Yasir Mohammed Alfulayyih ◽  
Peiwen Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Coverage Factor ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Maximal Energy ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract In order to maximize the electrical energy harvested by photovoltaic panels in a setup with fixed angles, it is important to get the angle optimized. In the present work, sunlight availability or sky coverage conditions of year-long period based on ten years’ data are counted in the modeling to optimize the PV panel tilt angles targeting for the maximal energy in a year. The analysis uses precise sunray calculation models. The energy harvested in every 6 minutes by a PV panel is summated for the daily time period from sunrise to sunset when the sun elevation angles are above 5 degree, with the sky-coverage factor multiplied. The results show that the annual solar energy received by a PV solar panel tilted with a fixed angle equal to the local latitude (at Tucson AZ, USA) could reach 2297 kWh/m2 under 10-year averaged sky coverage conditions. However, the gain in the yearly solar energy harvest is expected to be about 4.28%, 7.06%, and 8.42% higher if a PV panel is inclined optimally according to two-season, four-season, and monthly adjustments, respectively, compared to the optimized life-long fixed angle.

Optimization of Fixed Photovoltaic Panel “Tilt” Angles for Maximal Energy Harvest Considering Year-Around Sky Coverage Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Omar Gwesha ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Yasir Mohammed Alfulayyih
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Fixed Angle ◽  
Maximal Energy ◽  
Pv Panel

Abstract The fixed setup angles of photovoltaic (PV) panels are typically optimized properly in order to maximize the electrical energy harvest. In the present work, the sunlight availability or sky coverage conditions of sufficiently small time intervals for everyday around the year are counted in the modeling for computation of solar energy on the PV panel in order to optimize the panel tilt angles. Maximal energy harvest in a year is the objective of choosing the optimal tilt angles. The analysis calculates vectors of instantaneous sunray and solar panel normal direction to consider the ‘cosine’ effect. The energy harvested in every 6 min by a PV panel of per square meter is summated for day-long period from sunrise to sunset when the sun elevation angle is above 5 deg. The general model is applied to the authors’ local city, Tucson, Arizona, USA. The results show that the annual solar energy received by a solar panel tilted with a fixed angle of equal to the local latitude could reach to 2297 kWh/m2 with the 10-year averaged sky coverage conditions of every 6 min considered. However, if a PV panel is inclined using the discovered optimal angles with two times, four-seasonal, and monthly adjustments, the gain in the yearly solar energy harvest can be 7.59%, 7.60%, and 9.19%, respectively, greater than that with the fixed angle equal to local latitude.

A Generic Algorithm for Planning the Year-Round Solar Energy Harvest/Storage to Supply Solar-Based Stable Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir M. Alfulayyih ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Ammar Omar Gwesha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Harvest ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Worst Case

Abstract An algorithm and modeling are developed to make precise planning of year-round solar energy (SE) collection, storage, and redistribution to meet a decided demand of electrical power fully relying on solar energy. The model takes the past 10 years’ data of average and worst-case sky coverage (clouds fraction) condition of a location at a time interval (window) of per 6 min in every day to predict solar energy and electrical energy harvest. The electrical energy obtained from solar energy in sunny times must meet the instantaneous energy demand and also the need for energy storage for nighttime and overcast days, so that no single day will have a shortage of energy supply in the entire year and yearly cycles. The analysis can eventually determine a best starting date of operation, a least solar collection area, and a least energy storage capacity for cost-effectiveness of the system. The algorithm provides a fundamental tool for the design of a general renewable energy harvest and storage system for non-interrupted year-round power supply. As an example, the algorithm was applied for the authors’ local city, Tucson, Arizona of the U.S. for a steady power supply of 1 MW.

scholarly journals Implementation of Microcontroller to Control Solar Water Pump at Different Time Slots

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4482-4487
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given

Many people are using non renewable energy sources in high amount of their needs. Some Minerals are exhausting with the high usage, so it is obvious to depend on the renewable sources like solar & wind etc. In this paper a solar energy based water pump system with different time slots are proposed. The solar energy is converted into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells and it charges the battery. During Day time battery stores the energy. In this project AT89S52 microcontroller are used. For this microcontroller the program is written for giving different time slots. One 16*2 LCD display is using to see the status of system. For adjusting contract display one variable resistor called ‘preset’ is used. One sensor is used to observe the water level and to send data back to the microcontroller. The manual ON/OFF control of the system can be avoided with this sensor. This is a new method to operate motor / machine for a small duration. Buzzer gives a beep sound. A transistor is used to drive the relay during on time period; relay is used to control the pump. A switching diode is used to control the reverse EMF. The proposed system has the advantage of automatic switch off for the given time. This will be the one of best solutions for smart solar irrigation for farmers. In addition, this solar system controls the flow of water across the field.

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY, AS WELL AS FOR ACCUMULATING AND STORING ENERGY BY MEANS OF MOLTEN SALT (PROJECT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
A. T. Abdukadirov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Shodiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Special Significance

This article describes the project of a device proposed by the authors for converting solar energy into electrical energy, as well as for accumulating and storing energy through molten salt. It describes the main details and principle of operation of this device and its special significance in the field of energy as a renewable energy source, which has the highest efficiency

scholarly journals Improved Thermal Transfer Efficiency for Planar Solar Thermophotovoltaic Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Bierman ◽  
Andrej Lenert ◽  
Evelyn N. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
System Level ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Thermal Transfer ◽  
Absorber Surface

Solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) devices provide conversion of solar energy to electrical energy through the use of an intermediate absorber/emitter module, which converts the broad solar spectrum to a tailored spectrum that is emitted towards a photovoltaic cell [1]. While the use of an absorber/emitter device could potentially overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of photovoltaic conversion [2], it also increases the number of heat loss mechanisms. One of the most prohibitive aspects of STPV conversion is the thermal transfer efficiency, which is a measure of how well solar energy is delivered to the emitter. Although reported thermophotovoltaic efficiencies (thermal to electric) have exceeded 10% [3], [4], previously measured STPV conversion efficiencies are below 1% [5], [6], [7]. In this work, we present the design and characterization of a nanostructured absorber for use in a planar STPV device with a high emitter-to-absorber area ratio. We used a process for spatially-selective growth of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) forests on highly reflective, smooth tungsten (W) surfaces. We implemented these MWCNT/W absorbers in a TPV system with a one-dimensional photonic crystal emitter, which was spectrally paired with a low bandgap PV cell. A high fidelity, system-level model of the radiative transfer in the device was experimentally validated and used to optimize the absorber surface geometry. For an operating temperature of approximately 1200 K, we experimentally demonstrated a 100% increase in overall STPV efficiency using a 4 to 1 emitter-to-absorber area ratio (relative to a 1 to 1 area ratio), due to improved thermal transfer efficiency. By further increasing the solar concentration incident on the absorber surface, increased emitter-to-absorber area ratios will improve both thermal transfer and overall efficiencies for these planar devices.

Research on Steric and Multilevel Concentrator for Photovoltaic Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Yang ◽  
Zhi Long Xu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Zhong Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Operating Factor ◽  
And Performance

As the development trend of solar energy, which is a green way of energy utilization, photovoltaic power generation has been a research hotspot of solar energy utilization technologies. Using the concentrating and tracking technology to increase the illumination intensity, and obtain more electrical energy, that will reduce the cost of the photovoltaic power generation system sharply. A kind of steric and multilevel concentrator for photovoltaic generation is introduced in this paper, whose concentration ratio is 3. The operating factor of plane mirrors and performance price ratio of the system is increased for optimizing the condensation parameters and structure of the concentrator.

scholarly journals Performance study of MATLAB modelled PV panel and conventional PV panel interfaced with LabVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.17) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Jaiganesh K ◽  
Karuppiah N ◽  
Ravivarman S ◽  
Md Asif
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Condition ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Proposed Model

The maximum electrical energy conversion efficiency of the Solar PV panel is up to 22% in normal conventional roof- top system under the temperature of 25˚C on Standard Test Condition (STC). In Indian climatic conditions, the atmospheric temperature is mostly above 35˚C to 45˚C, it incites 35˚C to 80˚C temperature on the PV panel. The black body of the PV panel absorbs more heat. This temperature affects the electrical efficiency of the panel significantly. This paper proposes the mathematical modelling of the solar PV panel for different solar irradiation and the temperature. The experimental evaluation is conducted in the latitude of 11.36 (N) and longitude 77.82 (E). The testing and monitoring was done with LabVIEW based National Instruments hardware such as NI cDAQ-9178, NI DAQ - 9227 and NI DAQ 9225. The comparative study between the simulated result and real time hardware results are discussed in this paper. The test result shows that the output of the proposed model mismatches with the experimental output of the solar PV panel due to the negative correlation between the efficiency and temperature for variable irradiation condition. It shows a power difference of 9.41W between the output of the proposed model and the experimental setup.  

scholarly journals Electrical system design of solar powered electrical recreational boat for Indonesian waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Adri Wirawan Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Solar Powered

Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands and has plenty of beautiful beaches and underwater spots which have great potential for maritime tourism. Tourism was ranked 3rd on Indonesia's foreign income and plays an important role for the country’s ecomony. Despite having potential advantages, the government has not yet maximized its efforts to develop the attractiveness of its maritime tourism. Beside the beautiful spots Indonesia is also blessed with all year long sun shine, which could be tapped as renewable and green energy as substitution to fossil fuel. Refer to these great advantages of natural resources the research was aimed to support the government’s program in developing its maritime tourism and to promote the use of green and renewable energy by designing a solar-powered tourism recreational boat which has 12 meters of length. The paper is focused on the design of solar energy and its electrical system, which includes conversion of solar energy to electrical energy and store it in the battery, the required electrical power is also predicted based on the appliances and equipment installed in the boat, the optimum attachment of solar panels on the boat structure is also calculated. All the methods and information we use are obtained from literature study, discussion with experts, and surveys to Jagur as solar-powered electric boat from Universitas Indonesia.

Parabolic Solar Collector Coverage Made of High-Performance Concrete with Addition of Active Rice Husk Silica Integrated to a Biomass Thermoelectric Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Rosa Ana Conte ◽  
Daltro Garcia Pinatti ◽  
Luiz Fernando M. Marton ◽  
Sebastião Ribeiro ◽  
Thaís Witt Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Short Rotation

Production of active rice husk silica (ARHS) in bubbling fluidized bed boiler of a thermoelectric unit (TEU) and its addition to high performance concrete (HPC) with a compression resistance of 90 MPa was developed in the last 10 years. A first factory in Brazil was established at Alegrete town, RS, and other factories are under planning. Data of ARHS production, specification and HPC trace are presented. Design of parabolic solar collector coverage (PSCC) for air heating for biomass drying in a special silo of the TEU is presented as well. Cost of HPC/ARHS is 10 times less than steel (USD 200/ton vs. USD 2000/ton, specific mass 2.5 vs. 7.6 g/cm3, respectively). Those characteristics allow simultaneous solution of four ecological problems: large span coverage, rain water collection, daily solar energy collection and storage, and drying of biomass. The integration of those characteristics results in decrease of biomass consumption maintaining the same UTE efficiency. Tracking parabolic solar collector can be avoided between Cancer and Capricorn Tropics, and it is sufficient its eastern-western orientation with inclination to the Equator by the latitude angle. Coverage of the area occupied by TEU is sufficient to dry its biomass consumption. Preheating of boiler water with solar energy is possible decreasing biomass consumption in sunny days; biomass is partially consummed at night and cloudy days. Coupling the above technologies with high pressure steam TEU and fast-growing short-rotation forest gives to the biomass electrical energy generation a competitive economical position with hydraulic, coal, natural gas, and aeolic energy generation.

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