Risk Reduction Measures Applied to Horizontal Directional Drilling of a Complex Pipeline River Crossing in Canada

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Cocciolo ◽  
Bob Zeleny
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
North And South

In August and September of 2003, Terasen Pipelines (Trans Mountain) Inc. successfully completed the Horizontal Directionally Drilled [HDD] replacement of it’s NPS 24” pipeline crossing at the Fraser River from Surrey to Coquitlam in southwestern British Columbia. The pipeline replacement was necessary to mitigate the high seismic risk from liquefaction induced lateral spreading of soils on the north and south shores of the Fraser River. The high level of urban development and the close proximity of major linear infrastructure on both sides of the river created spatial restrictions which increased the complexity and risk of the HDD crossing. Measures to reduce construction risks and limit Terasen’s exposure to claims for changed subsurface conditions, environmental damage due to frac-outs, delays, pipe and coating damage, and inability to complete the crossing, were applied. Important strategies used during planning and construction of the crossing included: proper selection of the pipeline route and laydown corridor, site specific geotechnical investigation, HDD annular pressure monitoring, HDD electronic drilling recording, and a contractor pre-qualification process. The final result was that the contractors successfully drilled and installed the 1293m long HDD crossing over a period of one month, without incident. This paper presents the challenges and solutions implemented by the project team to bring the project to its successful conclusion.

scholarly journals PACIFIC COD OF THE KURIL ISLANDS: STOCK AND CONTEMPORARY FISHING

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Zolotov ◽  
Nikolay Antonov ◽  
Olga Maznikova
Keyword(s):  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
The North ◽  
Trawl Fishing ◽  
Northern Kuril Islands ◽  
The Kuril Islands ◽  
High Level ◽  
North And South ◽  
South Kuril Islands

The paper analyzes the long-term dynamics of stocks and annual catches of Pacific cod of the Kuril Islands, and also considers the structure of its modern fishery, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the organization of its coastal fishing in recent years. It was shown that the dynamics of commercial biomass of Pacific cod in the Northern and Southern Kuril Islands is comparable to that in 1975-2020 for groups in the southeastern part of the Bering Sea, the Karagin and Olyutor bays, on the shelf of Western Kamchatka, and in south-western Sakhalin. Development of the cod fishery in the North and South Kuril Islands in 1980-2019 went in accordance with the dynamics of stocks, the maximum catches were observed during the period of a high level of abundance of both groups in the 1980s. While the structure of the cod fishery on the shelf of the Northern Kuril Islands to date can be considered established, the development of fishing in the South Kuril Islands in the last two decades went by the gradual replacement of trawl fishing in the winter-spring period with snorkeling in the summer season.

scholarly journals Outline of the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt of East Greenland

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
D Bridgwater ◽  
J.S Myers
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zones ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
North And South ◽  
Wide Zone

The Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt is a 240 km wide zone of deformation and plutonic activity which cuts across the Archaean craton of East Greenland. The belt was established 2600 m.y. ago by the formation of vertical E-W shear zones and the syntectonic intrusion of basic dykes. Tectonic activity along the E-W shear zones was followed by the emplacement of tonalitic intrusions, the Blokken gneisses, 2350 m.y. ago in the central parts of the mobile belt. The emplacement of the Blokken gneisses was accompanied and followed by further emplacement of basic dykes. These are synplutonic in the centre of the mobile belt but are emplaced into more rigid crust in the marginal areas of the belt and in the Archaean craton to the north and south. During a second major tectonic and thermal episode circa 1900 m.y. ago, the region was deformed by thrusting from the north. In the southem part of the mobile belt the earlier steep shear zones are cut by shear zones dipping gently northwards in which rocks are downgraded to greenschist facies. The grade of metamorphism increases northwards and shear zones are replaced by open folds with axial surfaces which dip gently northwards. The increasing ductility in the centre of and northem part of the belt is associated with the intrusion of charnockitic plutons and their granulite facies aureoles. Regional uplift occurred before the intrusion of high level post-tectonic plutons of diorite and granite 1550 m.y. ago.

Species boundaries in the Rana arfaki group (Anura: Ranidae) and phylogenetic relationships to other New Guinean Rana

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2496 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN ◽  
KEN P. APLIN ◽  
TERRY BERTOZZI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Digital Disc ◽  
High Level ◽  
North And South ◽  
Central Cordillera

Allozyme electrophoresis is used to explore molecular genetic relationships within the Rana arfaki group and between this group and selected lineages of New Guinean Rana. Rana jimiensis is confirmed as a species distinct from R. arfaki and its range in Papua New Guinea is extended to the Southern Highlands Province and the north-coastal ranges in Sandaun Province. Rana arfaki and R. jimiensis show a high level of genetic differentiation maintained across a wide geographic area and show consistent morphological differences in head shape, tympanum size, degree of digital disc dilation and extent of sexual dimorphism. The two species occur syntopically on the Papuan Plateau, Southern Highlands Province, and are regionally sympatric in Sandaun Province. The observed level of genetic differentiation is equivalent to that reported previously between regionally sympatric members of the Rana papua group. Populations of R. jimiensis from north and south of the central cordillera show no obvious morphological and only minor genetic differentiation. In contrast, R. arfaki shows considerable geographic variation in both morphology and allozymes and may include two or more regionally distinctive forms.

scholarly journals WISATA PERIKANAN EDUKATIF DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGIS DI TANJUNG PRIOK

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusumo Hastuti ◽  
Musyawaroh Musyawaroh ◽  
Tri Joko Daryanto
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The North ◽  
Building Orientation ◽  
Open Side ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Public Area ◽  
Ecological Architecture ◽  
North And South

<p><em>The background  that make educational fishery tourism in Tanjung kodok feasible to be developed is the opportunity to improve tourism potency in Tanjung Kodok, Lamongan Regency, to raise effectiveness of fishery which is basic potential in Lamongan, and to provide educational recreation for tourists of all ages in Tanjung Kodok. Its problem solving has been formulated by designing resort in Tanjung Kodok, Lamongan regency, with Ecological Architecture based on plan and design concept.The aim that can be attained of the research  is making a green resort generally for Indonesian people and especially for East Java People in order to enjoy educational fishery tourism in Tanjung Kodok without putting aside its Ecological Architecture approach. Method used to solve the threat of environmental damage is applying Ecological Architecture on its plan and design.The design concept related to Ecological Architecture approach includes building orientation facing the north and south, vertical garden installment as a sunscreen for an open side facing besides north and south,  the application of fountain as natural cooler in the site, the use of trees as natural shade on public area, mangrove plantation for shore conserving, the utilizing of raindrop reservoir located on the site, and the application of plants roof on every building. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Educational </em><em>Fishery Tourism, Ecology Architecture, Plants Roof, Vertical</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Garden</em></p>

scholarly journals Spread of Endosepsis in Calimyrna Fig Orchards

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Themis J. Michailides ◽  
David P. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Fig Wasp ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
North And South

Pollination of the edible fig (Ficus carica cv. Calimyrna) is mediated by a small symbiotic wasp, Blastophaga psenes, that inhabits the syconium cavity of the spring crop of fig pollinator trees (caprifigs). These fig wasps also carry propagules, mainly of Fusarium verticillioides (formerly F. moniliforme) and other Fusarium spp., which cause endosepsis, from pollinator figs to the edible Calimyrna figs in California. Spread of endosepsis was studied in one experimental and up to four commercial Calimyrna fig orchards from 1989 through 1995. The incidence of endosepsis in fruit collected from the tree canopy at either <2.0 m (low) or >2.0 m (high) height, from the north and south of the tree canopy, and from the outer (direct sunlight) and inner (shaded) canopy were similar. More wasps were captured in fig trees located 3.5 to 10 m east or west of the source than in trees 48 to 63 m from the source. In addition, significantly more wasps entered the syconia of trees closest (9 to 12.7 m) to the source than the syconia of the second or third trees (18 to 38.2 m) from the source. Endosepsis decreased with distance from the source, decreasing faster to the south than in other directions from the source. In addition, the disease-vectoring wasps decreased with increased distance from the source, which also described the disease spread from the contamination source for most directions, with a sharper decline south of the source. A 3-year study in three commercial Calimyrna orchards showed there is no secondary spread of fig endosepsis in the field. Although endosepsis can complete as many cycles (three to four) as its vector in fig pollinator trees, in Calimyrna figs it is considered a monocyclic disease. Because fig wasp pollinators prefer to stay close to the contamination source when receptive Calimyrna figs are available in close proximity, only disease sources (caprifigs trees) found among Calimyrna trees or at a distance less than 50 m from the borders of Calimyrna orchards affect endosepsis incidence in commercial orchards.

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