Remote Measurement of the Pipe Thickness Reduction by Microwaves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ju
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microwave Signal ◽  
Thickness Reduction ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Copper Pipe ◽  
Inner Diameter

A method which can inspect a pipe in a large scale and measure the thickness reduction remotely was demonstrated. A copper pipe having 17 mm inner diameter, 1 mm wall thickness, and 900 mm length was measured. The thickness reduction having the value from 10% to 80% of the wall thickness was detected significantly. By building up a resonance for the microwave signal propagated in the pipe, it is possible to determine the thickness reduction using the measured resonance frequency.

Conditions for Wall Thickness Reduction in Hollow Sinking of SUS304 Tubes With Drawing Speed Control in Entrance and Exit Sides of Die

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Kishimoto ◽  
Shiori Gondo ◽  
Kosuke Takemoto ◽  
Kenichi Tashima ◽  
Shinsuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Thickness Reduction ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Geometric Condition ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
Inner Diameter

Abstract In this study, the conditions for wall thickness reduction in hollow sinking were obtained by tube drawing experiments in which the drawing speed ratio was controlled under three conditions (1.09, 1.11, and 1.14). These conditions have not been found in the history of hollow sinking. The results of the experiment and the theoretical formulas indicate that the geometric condition is obtained from the figure of the ratio of inner diameter to outer diameter after drawing against that ratio before drawing. Furthermore, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter after drawing must be above the constant wall thickness line derived from the cross-sectional change. To satisfy this geometric condition, the drawing speed ratio must be larger than the threshold value, which is obtained from the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter before drawing, and the reduction of the die. However, the value of the back stress approaches that of the strength of the tube when the drawing speed ratio increases. A simple dynamical model shows that parameters other than the drawing speed ratio do not significantly decrease the back stress during drawing. Therefore, the drawing speed ratio should be set such that the tube does not break.

Quantitative Evaluation of Wall Thinning of Metal Pipes by Microwaves

2009 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lu ◽  
Lin Sheng Liu ◽  
Masaharu Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Resonance Model ◽  
Metal Pipe ◽  
Copper Pipe ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Microwave Signals

In this paper, a method which can inspect a metal pipe in a large scale and measure the wall thinning remotely was demonstrated. A microwave network analyzer was employed to generate microwave signals propagating in the pipe where the frequency was swept from 47.38 to 47.47 GHz. A copper pipe with inner diameter of 17 mm, 1 mm wall thickness, 900 mm length, and connected with joints having the length of 17 mm and values of thickness reductions from 3 to 80% wall thickness was measured. By building up a resonance model for the microwave signals propagating in the metal pipe, and by analyzing the resonance results of the microwave signals at the receiving port, a nondestructive method was derived to determine the degree of the wall thinning in the pipe. By comparing the experimental results with the evaluation results obtained by the theoretical analysis, it is shown that the errors of the evaluation are less than 0.5% of the pipe diameter. It indicates that high precision for remote detection and quantitative evaluation of wall thinning can be achieved by using this nondestructive method.

scholarly journals Quality Control in 3D Printing: Accuracy Analysis of 3D-Printed Models of Patient-Specific Anatomy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Bernhard Dorweiler ◽  
Pia Elisabeth Baqué ◽  
Rayan Chaban ◽  
Ahmed Ghazy ◽  
Oroa Salem
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Mean

As comparative data on the precision of 3D-printed anatomical models are sparse, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed models of vascular anatomy generated by two commonly used printing technologies. Thirty-five 3D models of large (aortic, wall thickness of 2 mm, n = 30) and small (coronary, wall thickness of 1.25 mm, n = 5) vessels printed with fused deposition modeling (FDM) (rigid, n = 20) and PolyJet (flexible, n = 15) technology were subjected to high-resolution CT scans. From the resulting DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) dataset, an STL file was generated and wall thickness as well as surface congruency were compared with the original STL file using dedicated 3D engineering software. The mean wall thickness for the large-scale aortic models was 2.11 µm (+5%), and 1.26 µm (+0.8%) for the coronary models, resulting in an overall mean wall thickness of +5% for all 35 3D models when compared to the original STL file. The mean surface deviation was found to be +120 µm for all models, with +100 µm for the aortic and +180 µm for the coronary 3D models, respectively. Both printing technologies were found to conform with the currently set standards of accuracy (<1 mm), demonstrating that accurate 3D models of large and small vessel anatomy can be generated by both FDM and PolyJet printing technology using rigid and flexible polymers.

Impacts of duct inner diameter and standoff distance on macroscopic spray characteristics of ducted fuel injection under non-vaporizing conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091471
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Chia-fon Lee ◽  
Ziman Wang ◽  
Yiqiang Pei ◽  
Guoxiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Inner Diameter

Ducted fuel injection spray is a new technology for reducing soot formation in heavy-duty diesel engines. In this work, the ducted fuel injection spray characteristics with different duct inner diameters and different standoff distances were investigated and compared with free spray. Duct inner diameter ranged from 1.5 to 4 mm, and standoff distance varied between 0.9 and 4.9 mm. Mie-scattering optical technique was used to characterize spray characteristics under various injection pressures in a constant-volume spray chamber. Ambient gas pressure of up to 6 MPa when spraying. The results showed that ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct has better spray diffusion compared to those of ducted fuel injection sprays with larger ducts and free spray from the perspectives of spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area. Increasing standoff distance could increase spray velocity. Ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct formed a mushroom-shaped head and large-scale vortex flow close to the duct outlet. All the advantages of ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct are interpreted as evidence of improving fuel–gas mixing quality significantly.

scholarly journals Investigation of Slip Occurrence in the Ring Rolling Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gontarz ◽  
Piotr Surdacki
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Ring Rolling ◽  
Thickness Reduction ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Ring Shape ◽  
Ring Rolling Process

Ring rolling is a hot forming process for producing rings that have large diameters when compared to their cross sections. This process is very dynamic and involves considerable variations in ring shape and size. One of the failure modes in ring rolling processes is slip that occurs when a thickness reduction, exceeds the limit value. The thickness reduction depends on the tool speed and dimensions as well as ring size, and varies over time. This paper reports results of a study investigating the thickness reduction with respect to slip occurrence. In terms of wall thickness reduction, the process can be divided into three distinct stages (excluding the sizing stage): (i) initial stage corresponding to the first revolution of the roll, (ii) main stage, when the proper ring rolling takes place, (iii) final stage, when the main roll does not move in an axial direction but the ring is being formed during one revolution of the tool. It has been found that the most slip-prone moment is the end of the second and the beginning of the third stage of the ring rolling process, when the wall thickness reduction is the highest. Based on a comparison of the calculated thickness reduction and its limit values, it could be predicted whether slip would occur, and if so – in what stage of the rolling process. Numerical results and experimental findings are in good agreement.

scholarly journals Low-Cost IoT Remote Sensor Mesh for Large-Scale Orchard Monitorization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Leonor Varandas ◽  
João Faria ◽  
Pedro Gaspar ◽  
Martim Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Remote Monitoring System ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Individual ◽  
System Nodes

Population growth and climate change lead agricultural cultures to face environmental degradation and rising of resistant diseases and pests. These conditions result in reduced product quality and increasing risk of harmful toxicity to human health. Thus, the prediction of the occurrence of diseases and pests and the consequent avoidance of the erroneous use of phytosanitary products will contribute to improving food quality and safety and environmental land protection. This study presents the design and construction of a low-cost IoT sensor mesh that enables the remote measurement of parameters of large-scale orchards. The developed remote monitoring system transmits all monitored data to a central node via LoRaWAN technology. To make the system nodes fully autonomous, the individual nodes were designed to be solar-powered and to require low energy consumption. To improve the user experience, a web interface and a mobile application were developed, which allow the monitored information to be viewed in real-time. Several experimental tests were performed in an olive orchard under different environmental conditions. The results indicate an adequate precision and reliability of the system and show that the system is fully adequate to be placed in remote orchards located at a considerable distance from networks, being able to provide real-time parameters monitoring of both tree and the surrounding environment.

Research on R245fa Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristic Inside Horizontal Tubes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengchun Liu ◽  
Wenkai Zhang ◽  
Ziteng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transfer Characteristic ◽  
Condensation Heat Transfer ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Tubes ◽  
Copper Pipe ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient

Condensation heat transfer of R245fa in horizontal copper pipe is studied in this paper. In the experimental study, the pipe inner diameter is 4.38 mm, the condensing temperature range from 50∼60°C, mass flow rate ranges from 3.132kg/h to 11.988kg/h, and inlet ranges from 0.89∼1. The research results indicate that the condensation coefficient is rose with the condensing; and it will rise when the inlet quality ranges from 0.89 to 1. Experimental value and the existing two-phase flow correlation are compared in this paper. It shows that the condensation heat transfer coefficient predicted by Haraguchi correlation has a high accuracy relatively. The research provides a foundation to promote development of microchannel high efficiency heat exchanger and it is useful to practical engineering.

Equidirectional Umbrella Diameter Changing Mechanism for Ultrasonic Inspection of Seabed Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2927-2933
Author(s):  
Chong Zhen Cao ◽  
Feng Qin Wang ◽  
Qi Fa Tian ◽  
Jia Lan Zhuang ◽  
Feng Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Machine Experiment ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Inner Diameter

Ultrasonic inspection is a key method of inspecting wall thickness flaw of seabed oil pipelines. How to lay out ultrasonic probes to fit for three inner diameter pipelines of Φ195mm, Φ247mm and Φ297mm was analyzed detailed. Diameter changing principle feasibility of ultrasonic inspection adopting 10 parallelogram mechanisms was discussed, and the key parts of structure of equidirection umbrella diameter changing mechanism were analyzed. In the end model machine experiment verified that equidirection umbrella diameter changing technology is feasible.

Fabrication of NiO Nanorings by Bubble-Bursting Bubbles as Templates

2013 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Guo ◽  
Zhi Hua Feng ◽  
Zhi Hao Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Bubble Bursting ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Average Wall Thickness ◽  
20 Nm

A simple and low-cost method based on a heat-treating of Ni (NO3)2/SiO2film has been developed for fabricating NiO nanorings. The as-prepared nanorings have an inner diameter of 150-250nm and an average wall thickness (namely wire diameter) of approximately 20 nm on the surface of SiO2matrix. Furthermore, a growth mechanism, namely bubble-bursting bubbles as templates was tentatively proposed for understanding the formation of the NiO nanorings.

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