Vasculogenic Potential of Porcine Endothelial Colony Forming Cells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeny K. Lan ◽  
Daniel N. Prater ◽  
Russell D. Jamison ◽  
David A. Ingram ◽  
Mervin C. Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽  
Tissue Engineering Construct ◽  
And Function ◽  
Natural Healing

The natural healing process cannot restore form and function to critical size bone defects without the presence of a graft to support and guide tissue regeneration [1]. Critical size bone defects in humans are typically on the order of centimeters or larger [2]. Thus, a major limitation of synthetic grafts or bone tissue engineering constructs is the lack of vascularization to support cell viability after placement in vivo [3]. Cells that participate in bone regeneration, must reside within 150–200 microns of a blood supply in order to gain proper nutrients and to eliminate waste [4]. Consequently, a tissue engineering construct of a clinically relevant size cannot rely on diffusion for transport of nutrients and waste. Previous research has shown that blood vessels can infiltrate scaffolds, but the overall process is too slow to prevent death of cells located in the center of a construct [5].

scholarly journals Preliminary in Vivo Evaluation of Bone Healing in Critical Size Bone Defects Implanted with an Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nor Zarida Che Seman ◽  
Zamzuri Zakaria ◽  
Zunariah Buyong ◽  
Mohd Shukrimi Awang ◽  
Ahmad Razali Md Ralib @ Md Raghib
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement ◽  
Rabbit Tibia

Introduction: A novel injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (osteopaste) has been developed. Its potential application in orthopaedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. The biomaterial was composed of tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing process of osteopaste in rabbit tibia. Materials and method: The implantation procedure was carried out on thirty-nine of New Zealand white rabbits. The in vivo bone formation was investigated by either implanting the Osteopaste, Jectos or MIIG – X3 into a critical size defect (CSD) model in the proximal tibial metaphysis. CSD without treatment served as negative control. After 1 day, 6 and 12 weeks, the rabbits were euthanized, the bone were harvested and subjected for analysis. Results: Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. There was direct contact between osteopaste material and host bone. The new bone was seen bridging the defect. Conclusion: The result showed that Osteopaste could be a new promising biomaterial for bone repair and has a potential in bone tissue engineering.

Electrical impedance spectroscopy – a potential method for the study and monitoring of a bone critical-size defect healing process treated with bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 2757-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kozhevnikov ◽  
Xiaolu Hou ◽  
Shupei Qiao ◽  
Yufang Zhao ◽  
Chunfeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Critical Size Defect ◽  
Critical Size Defects

The development of strategies of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been drawing considerable attention to treat bone critical-size defects (CSDs).

scholarly journals Enhancing ultrasound texture differences for developing an in vivo 'virtual histology' approach to bovine ovarian imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Eramian ◽  
Gregg P. Adams ◽  
Roger A. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Virtual Histology ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Candidate Image ◽  
And Function ◽  
Processing Techniques

A ‘virtual histology’ can be thought of as the ‘staining’ of a digital ultrasound image via image processing techniques in order to enhance the visualisation of differences in the echotexture of different types of tissues. Several candidate image-processing algorithms for virtual histology using ultrasound images of the bovine ovary were studied. The candidate algorithms were evaluated qualitatively for the ability to enhance the visual differences in intra-ovarian structures and quantitatively, using standard texture description features, for the ability to increase statistical differences in the echotexture of different ovarian tissues. Certain algorithms were found to create textures that were representative of ovarian micro-anatomical structures that one would observe in actual histology. Quantitative analysis using standard texture description features showed that our algorithms increased the statistical differences in the echotexture of stroma regions and corpus luteum regions. This work represents a first step toward both a general algorithm for the virtual histology of ultrasound images and understanding dynamic changes in form and function of the ovary at the microscopic level in a safe, repeatable and non-invasive way.

scholarly journals An overview of advanced biocompatible and biomimetic materials for creation of replacement structures in the musculoskeletal systems: focusing on cartilage tissue engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizeh Rahmani Del Bakhshayesh ◽  
Nahideh Asadi ◽  
Alireza Alihemmati ◽  
Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi ◽  
Azadeh Montaseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
And Function

Abstract Tissue engineering, as an interdisciplinary approach, is seeking to create tissues with optimal performance for clinical applications. Various factors, including cells, biomaterials, cell or tissue culture conditions and signaling molecules such as growth factors, play a vital role in the engineering of tissues. In vivo microenvironment of cells imposes complex and specific stimuli on the cells, and has a direct effect on cellular behavior, including proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. Therefore, to create appropriate tissues, the conditions of the natural environment around the cells should be well imitated. Therefore, researchers are trying to develop biomimetic scaffolds that can produce appropriate cellular responses. To achieve this, we need to know enough about biomimetic materials. Scaffolds made of biomaterials in musculoskeletal tissue engineering should also be multifunctional in order to be able to function better in mechanical properties, cell signaling and cell adhesion. Multiple combinations of different biomaterials are used to improve above-mentioned properties of various biomaterials and to better imitate the natural features of musculoskeletal tissue in the culture medium. These improvements ultimately lead to the creation of replacement structures in the musculoskeletal system, which are closer to natural tissues in terms of appearance and function. The present review article is focused on biocompatible and biomimetic materials, which are used in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, in particular, cartilage tissue engineering.

In vivo investigation of tissue-engineered periosteum for the repair of allogeneic critical size bone defects in rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Junli Zhao ◽  
Jiajia Yu ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Size ◽  
Bone Defects

A 3d Histomorphometric Method for Analyses of Skeletal Tissue Mechanobiology

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Gleason ◽  
Kristy T. S. Palomares ◽  
Thomas A. Einhorn ◽  
Louis C. Gerstenfeld ◽  
Elise F. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Fracture Callus ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Form And Function

Skeletal repair and regeneration involve a dynamic interplay of biological processes that result in spatially and temporally varying patterns of tissue formation and remodeling. For example, during bone fracture healing the cartilaginous callus that is formed initially in the fracture site is subsequently mineralized and remodeled to restore the original form and function to the injured bone. During much of this healing process, the fracture callus is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of cartilage, fibrocartilage, multipotent mesenchymal tissue, and bone. Adding to this complexity, mechanical stimuli are known to influence the rate and type of tissues formed during skeletal healing [1]. Given the growing body of evidence that controlled mechanical stimulation may be used to enhance healing, it is of substantial interest to elucidate relationships between the distributions of local stresses and strains that develop within the healing region and the distribution of tissue types that form. While histomorphometry is a well established approach for characterizing the latter, it has historically been limited to analyses of a small number of two-dimensional sections of tissue. Such 2D sampling may be inadequate for quantitative characterization of the irregular geometry and heterogeneous composition of healing tissues. In this study, we report on a 3D histomorphometric method and apply this method to an in vivo model of skeletal repair [2] in which a bending stimulus delivered to a healing bone defect results in the formation of predominantly cartilage tissue, rather than bone.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Numerical Model to Design an Electro-Stimulating System for a Porcine Mandibular Critical Size Defect

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikje Raben ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer ◽  
Rainer Bader ◽  
Ursula van Rienen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Stimulation System

Electrical stimulation is a promising therapeutic approach for the regeneration of large bone defects. Innovative electrically stimulating implants for critical size defects in the lower jaw are under development and need to be optimized in silico and tested in vivo prior to application. In this context, numerical modelling and simulation are useful tools in the design process. In this study, a numerical model of an electrically stimulated minipig mandible was established to find optimal stimulation parameters that allow for a maximum area of beneficially stimulated tissue. Finite-element simulations were performed to determine the stimulation impact of the proposed implant design and to optimize the electric field distribution resulting from sinusoidal low-frequency ( f = 20 Hz ) electric stimulation. Optimal stimulation parameters of the electrode length h el = 25 m m and the stimulation potential φ stim = 0.5 V were determined. These parameter sets shall be applied in future in vivo validation studies. Furthermore, our results suggest that changing tissue properties during the course of the healing process might make a feedback-controlled stimulation system necessary.

scholarly journals A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 1: Emerging Roles in Regulating Mitochondrial Form and Function in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Ronald A. Merrill ◽  
Stefan Strack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Anchoring Protein ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
And Function

Best known as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria have many other important functions such as buffering intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species levels, initiating apoptosis and supporting cell proliferation and survival. Mitochondria are also dynamic organelles that are constantly undergoing fission and fusion to meet specific functional needs. These processes and functions are regulated by intracellular signaling at the mitochondria. A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) is a scaffold protein that recruits protein kinase A (PKA), other signaling proteins, as well as RNA to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Hence, AKAP1 can be considered a mitochondrial signaling hub. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about AKAP1′s function in health and diseases. We focus on the recent literature on AKAP1′s roles in metabolic homeostasis, cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy tissues, AKAP1 has been shown to be important for driving mitochondrial respiration during exercise and for mitochondrial DNA replication and quality control. Several recent in vivo studies using AKAP1 knockout mice have elucidated the role of AKAP1 in supporting cardiovascular, lung and neuronal cell survival in the stressful post-ischemic environment. In addition, we discuss the unique involvement of AKAP1 in cancer tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Collectively, the data indicate that AKAP1 promotes cell survival throug regulating mitochondrial form and function. Lastly, we discuss the potential of targeting of AKAP1 for therapy of various disorders.

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