Cervical Spine Bone Mineral Density as a Function of Vertebral Level and Anatomic Location

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Thorhauer ◽  
William Anderst ◽  
William Donaldson ◽  
Joon Lee ◽  
James Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Anatomic Location

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans have been used to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, which in turn have been shown to correlate with bone mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness and yield load1,2. Information on the variation of BMD in the cervical spine with respect to anatomic location and vertebral level does not currently exist. This would be beneficial to vertebral instrumentation designers and to basic scientists who assign mechanical properties of bones in finite element models of the spine. Previously, bone mineral density measurements of the cervical spine have been performed almost exclusively on the central vertebral body, either by measuring trabecular BMD in a single CT slice 1, 3, 4 or by measuring a large volume of trabecular bone in multiple CT scan slices 5,6. In addition to the central vertebral body, the only other BMD measurements of specific anatomical regions were performed on the endplates 2, 3.

scholarly journals Cervical spine bone mineral density as a function of vertebral level and anatomic location

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Anderst ◽  
Eric D. Thorhauer ◽  
Joon Y. Lee ◽  
William F. Donaldson ◽  
James D. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Spine Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Anatomic Location

Bone Mineral Density of Cervical Spine Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Recai Aktay ◽  
Glenn Paskoff ◽  
Barry S. Shender
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
And Gender

While numerous studies exist quantifying the bone mineral content of the human lumber vertebrae, such information is not available for the cervical spine. This study determined the bone mineral densities of cervical vertebrae. Adult healthy human volunteers, ages ranging from 18 to 40 years, underwent quantitative computed tomography scanning of the neck. BMD data were divided according to subject weight (above and below 50th percentile, termed low and heavy mass) and gender. Low-mass subjects did not consistently have higher bone mineral density at all levels of the cervical column. Bone mineral were higher (259 ± 6 mg/cc) for females than males (247 ± 8 mg/cc); for the entire ensemble the mean density was 253 ± 9 mg/cc. Altered strength of cervical vertebrae coupled with the increased mobility of the disc at the inferior levels of the neck may explain regional biomechanical differences and subsequent physiologic effects secondary to aging. This study quantifies BMD of the human neck vertebrae and offers explanations to the biomechanical behaviors of the human cervical spine.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Mechanical Properties and Bone Mineral Density of Human Femoral Bone Retrieved from Patients with Osteoarthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Haba ◽  
Tobias Lindner ◽  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
Ann-Kristin Schiebenhöfer ◽  
Robert Souffrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Mineral Density

The objective of this study was to analyse retrieved human femoral bone samples using three different test methods, to elucidate the relationship between bone mineral density and mechanical properties. Human femoral heads were retrieved from 22 donors undergoing primary total hip replacement due to hip osteoarthritis and stored for a maximum of 24 hours postoperatively at + 6 °C to 8 °C. Analysis revealed an average structural modulus of 232±130 N/mm2 and ultimate compression strength of 6.1±3.3 N/mm2 with high standard deviations. Bone mineral densities of 385±133 mg/cm2 and 353±172 mg/cm3 were measured using thedual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), respectively. Ashing resulted in a bone mineral density of 323±97 mg/cm3. In particular, significant linear correlations were found between DXA and ashing with r = 0.89 (p < 0.01, n = 22) and between structural modulus and ashing with r = 0.76 (p < 0.01, n = 22). Thus, we demonstrated a significant relationship between mechanical properties and bone density. The correlations found can help to determine the mechanical load capacity of individual patients undergoing surgical treatments by means of noninvasive bone density measurements.

VALIDATION OF THE USE OF FRACTIONAL QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BASED ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TRABECULAR BONE

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2670-2675
Author(s):  
JONG MIN LEE ◽  
YONG MIN CHANG ◽  
GUANG HU JIN ◽  
JONG HYOUNG KIM ◽  
CHANG MIN SUH
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density

The fractional quantitative computed tomography (fQCT) to determine both quantity and distribution of bone mineral was evaluated based on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. Using quantitative computed tomography (QCT), bone mineral density was measured at 46 areas from 5 bovine tibias. Subsequently, fQCT was measured by the proportion of pixels showing a bone mineral density greater than 290 mg/ml. Based on the mechanical properties of the bone specimens, the QCT and the fQCT were compared. The fQCT showed a significant correlation with the compressive strength with superiority to the QCT.

scholarly journals Laterality and Plasticity of Bone Mineral Density in Vertebral Bodies of Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Makino ◽  
Shota Takenaka ◽  
Yusuke Sakai ◽  
Yuya Kanie ◽  
TAKASHI KAITO
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Asymmetrical Distribution ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

Abstract BackgroundThe asymmetrical distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) in vertebral bodies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been reported; however, it is still unknown whether BMD asymmetrical distribution can vary by the mechanical environment around each vertebral body. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate changes in the asymmetrical distribution of BMD in each vertebral body up to 1 year after posterior spinal corrective fusion surgery (PSF) in patients with AIS.MethodsWe analyzed 75 vertebrae within the non-instrumented lumbar spines of 27 female AIS patients (median age, 16 years; interquartile range [IQR], 14–19 years) who underwent PSF. The BMDs of the vertebral bodies were calculated from 1-week and 1-year postoperative quantitative computed tomography scans and a laterality index (LI = BMD of right half of vertebral bodies / BMD of left half of vertebral bodies). The disc wedging angle was measured preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively from plain radiographs, and the disc wedging angle index (DWAI) was calculated as the sum of the disc wedging angles of the upper and lower discs adjacent to each vertebra.ResultsThe median BMDs of both the right and left halves of each vertebral body significantly decreased from 1 week postoperatively to 1 year postoperatively (right, 228.3 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite [IQR, 201.8–251.0 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite] to 214.8 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite [IQR, 186.9–241.0 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite], P < 0.001; left, 229.6 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite [IQR, 198.7–244.7 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite] to 206.3 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite [IQR, 188.0–231.9 mg/cm3 hydroxyapatite], P < 0.001). The preoperative median DWAI was 5.0 (IQR, −12.0–13.0) and the 1-week postoperative LI was 1.01 (IQR, 0.95–1.08); these measures were positively correlated (ρ = 0.827; P < 0.001). The median perioperative change in DWAI was −4 (IQR, −9–10) and the median postoperative change in LI was 0.01 (IQR, −0.02–0.03); these measures were also positively correlated (ρ = 0.741; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe laterality of BMD in each vertebral body in AIS patients was a plastic phenomenon, was deemed a secondary change due to external loading, and was related to the amount of disc wedging.

scholarly journals Assessment of Regional Bone Density in Fractured Vertebrae Using Quantitative Computed Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany A.G. Soliman ◽  
Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong ◽  
Annie Levasseur ◽  
Stefan Parent ◽  
Yvan Petit
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Difference

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>Cohort study.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>The aim of this study is to propose and evaluate a new technique to assess bone mineral density of fractured vertebrae using quantitative computed tomography (QCT).</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>There is no available technique to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) at the fractured vertebra because of the alterations in bony structures at the fracture site.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Forty patients with isolated fracture from T10 to L2 were analyzed from the vertebrae above and below the fracture level. Apparent density (AD) was measured based on the relationship between QCT images attenuation coefficients and the density of calibration objects. AD of 8 independent regions of interest (ROI) within the vertebral body and 2 ROI within the pedicles of vertebrae above and below the fractured vertebra were measured. At the level of the fractured vertebra, AD was measured at the pedicles, which are typically intact. AD of the fractured vertebral body was linearly interpolated, based on the assumption that AD at the fractured vertebra is equivalent to the average AD measured in vertebrae adjacent to the fracture. Estimated and measured AD of the pedicles at the fractured level were compared to verify our assumption of linear interpolation from adjacent vertebrae.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The difference between the measured and the interpolated density of the pedicles at the fractured vertebra was 0.006 and 0.003 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for right and left pedicle respectively. The highest mean AD located at the pedicles and the lowest mean AD was found at the anterior ROI of the vertebral body. Significant negative correlation exist between age and AD of ROI in the vertebral body.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study suggests that the proposed technique is adequate to estimate the AD of a fractured vertebra from the density of adjacent vertebrae.</p></sec>

Bone mineral density and spongiosa architecture in correlation to vertebral body insufficiency fractures

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andresen ◽  
S. Radmer ◽  
D. Banzer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: the clinical value of spinal quantitative CT (sQCT) and the structural patterns of the vertebral bone were studied Material and Methods: sQCT was performed on 246 patients with a mean age of 57 years for whom conventional lateral radiographies of the thoracic and lumbar spine were available. All patients were suffering from back pain of unknown etiology. the bone mineral density (BMD) of the midvertebral section of 3 lumbar vertebral bodies was determined by means of single-energy-(SE)-weighted QCT (85 kV). Spongiosa architecture and density profile analyses were made in the axial images. This was contrasted to BMD values ascertained in SE QCT. the mean BMD was compared to the number of fractures and the patients were divided into three groups: group I — no fracture; group II — one fracture; and group III 1 fracture Results: the mean BMD was: 134.3 (74.1–187.5) mg hydroxyapatite (HA)/ml in group I; 79.6 (58.6–114.3) mg HA/ml in group II; and 52.4 (13.1–79.1)mg HA/ml in group III. A significant deterioration in spongiosa structure was found with increasing demineralization: strongly rarefied patterns predominated in the fracture groups II and III Conclusion: sQCT provides a good risk assessment of the occurrence of vertebral body insufficiency fractures

scholarly journals Jumping exercise preserves bone mineral density and mechanical properties in osteopenic ovariectomized rats even following established osteopenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1461-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
R . Okubo ◽  
L. S. Sanada ◽  
V. A. Castania ◽  
M. J. Q. Louzada ◽  
F. J. A. de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Jumping Exercise
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