Hydraulically Amplified Magnetostrictive Actuator for Active Engine Mounts

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryarghya Chakrabarti ◽  
Marcelo J. Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Force Response ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Displacement Response ◽  
Magnetostrictive Actuator ◽  
Active Engine

A bidirectional magnetostrictive actuator with millimeter stroke and a blocked force of ± 22 N has been developed based on a simple hydraulic magnification mechanism. The purpose of the actuator is to replace the electromagnetic actuator in active engine mounts. The Terfenol-D actuator has a flat free displacement response up to 200 Hz and a flat blocked force response over a frequency range of at least 10 to 500 Hz. The actuator promises to deliver a much broader frequency bandwidth than commercial electromagnetic actuators.

Modeling of a Displacement Amplified Magnetostrictive Actuator for Active Mounts

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryarghya Chakrabarti ◽  
Marcelo J. Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Friction Model ◽  
Radial Dependence ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Lubricated Contacts ◽  
Lugre Friction Model ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Magnetostrictive Actuator ◽  
Lugre Friction ◽  
Active Engine ◽  
Elastomeric Seals

A hydraulically-amplified Terfenol-D actuator is developed to be used as a driver in active engine mounts. A measure of the actuator’s performance is obtained through electromechanical tests in mechanically-blocked and mechanically-free conditions. A nonlinear model for the actuator is presented. The Jiles-Atherton model is coupled with Maxwell’s equations in order to quantify the radial dependence of magnetization and associated dynamic losses. Magnetostriction, which is modeled as a single-valued function of magnetization, provides an input to the mechanical model describing the system vibrations. Friction at the elastomeric seals is modeled using the LuGre friction model for lubricated contacts. Results show that the model is able to accurately describe the dynamic behavior of the actuator up to 400 Hz. An order analysis on the data and modeled responses show that the model is capable of describing the higher harmonic content of the device with sufficient accuracy for control design.

Development of an Electromagnetic Active Engine Mount

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Vahdati ◽  
Somayeh Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Application ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Transmitted Force ◽  
Bond Graph Modeling ◽  
Engine Mount ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Active Engine ◽  
The Voice

Engine mounts need to satisfy three design requirements: (1) firmly support engine weight, (2) isolate structure from the engine’s noise and vibration, and (3) control engine motion when large shocks or engine resonances are present. In addition to these three criteria, which are common for designing all types of engine mounts (passive, semi-active, and active), two more design requirements need to be satisfied for active engine mounts. First, they should be designed such that if there is any malfunction with the actuator, the controller, or the sensors, the active engine mount should still safely operate as a passive mount. Second, the power consumption, the size and weight of the required actuator and its controller should be kept as low as possible. The current paper aims to present an active hydraulic (or fluid) engine mount design by using an electromagnetic actuator and capacitive circuit such that it is able to act as a passive mount, semi-active mount, and an active mount. In addition, the presented design has the capability to be converted to a damper as and when needed. The multi-functional capability of the proposed engine mount design (passive, semi-active, active, and damper) distinguishes the current design from the previously designed active engine mounting systems, and this multi-functional capability is explained in the paper. The proposed design consists of a conventional passive hydraulic (fluid) mount, an electromagnetic actuator (voice coil) and a capacitive circuit. The voice coil is placed in the lower chamber of the passive hydraulic mount and it can change the volumetric stiffness of the bottom chamber actively such that the engine mount has low dynamic stiffness in a wide range of frequencies. The capacitive circuit is paralleled with the voice coil and in situations when large shock inputs are present; it adds capacitance to the electromagnetic circuit and changes the characteristics of the mount from an isolator to a damper. Since the active engine mount design of this paper involves several energy domains, bond graph modeling technique is used for mathematical modeling. MATLAB simulation results are shown for an automotive application and the performance of the proposed active engine mount design is evaluated as an isolator and as a damper. Finally, an adaptive controller, based on Filtered-X LMS algorithm, is proposed and its performance is investigated. The proposed design can eliminate transmitted force from the engine to the structure in a frequency range of 15 Hz to 125 Hz.

Multi-input multi-output control of an automotive active engine mounting system

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Hillis
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Adaptive Filter ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Active System ◽  
Output Control ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Active Engine

This paper describes the control of automotive active engine mounts, consisting of a conventional passive hydraulic mount and an internal electromagnetic actuator. The actuator generates a force dependent on a control signal from an algorithm implemented in real time. The filtered- x least-mean-square (FXLMS) adaptive filter is applied to a system of two active mounts fitted to a saloon car equipped with a four-cylinder turbo-diesel engine. The steady state and transient performance of the active system is experimentally evaluated, and is found to typically reduce chassis vibration by 50 per cent to 90 per cent under normal driving conditions.

Automotive Vehicle Engine Mounting Systems: A Survey

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhe Yu ◽  
Saravanan M. Peelamedu ◽  
Nagi G. Naganathan ◽  
Rao V. Dukkipati
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Engine Mounts ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Engine Mount ◽  
Active Engine ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

This study divided into three portions to provide performance requirements; overview and development of various engine mounts; and the optimization of engine mount systems. The first part provides an insight about the ideal engine mount system that should isolate vibration caused by engine disturbance force in various speed range and prevent engine bounce from shock excitation. This implies that the dynamic stiffness and damping of the engine mount should be frequency and amplitude dependent. Therefore, the development of engine mounting systems has mostly concentrated on improvement of frequency and amplitude dependent properties. The second part starts discussion on the conventional elastomeric mounts that offer a trade-off between static deflection and vibration isolation. The next level, passive hydraulic mounts can provide a better performance than elastomeric mounts especially in the low frequency range. Subsequently, semi-active and active techniques are used to improve performance of hydraulic mounts by making them more tunable. The active engine mounting system can be very stiff at low frequency and be tuned to be very soft at the higher frequency range to isolate the vibration. The final part is about the optimization of engine mounting systems. An overview of the current work on this optimization shows some limitations. Further study is needed to consider the nonlinearities and variations in properties of different types of mounting systems.

scholarly journals HIS-Based Semiactive Suspension Dual-Frequency-Range Switching Control to Improve Ride Comfort and Antiroll Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Wu ◽  
Xiang Qiu ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Juhua Huang ◽  
Tingfang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Switching Control ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semiactive Control ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Frequency Range

The parameter sensitivity analysis of a hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system shows that the sensitivity of the vibration responses in the bounce and roll modes to the hydraulic parameters are complementary. A novel HIS-based semiactive control method was thereby proposed to improve ride comfort and antiroll performance. In addition, the classic sky-hook max-min damping switched strategy provides significant benefits around the body resonance, but otherwise performs similarly to, or sometimes even worse than, passive suspension. Therefore, a dual-frequency-range switching strategy, which has optimal max-min damping in both frequency ranges, was developed for improving the ride comfort in a wider frequency bandwidth. In this study, a 9-DOF HIS system dynamics model was established, and the hydraulically interconnected subsystem model was validated experimentally. Subsequently, the elastic and damping characteristics of the hydraulically interconnected subsystem, as well as the parameter sensitivity in bounce mode and roll mode, were analyzed. Next, the sensitive parameters were optimized under sinusoidal excitation at various frequencies, and a frequency-range selector used to determine the excitation frequency range and adjust the shock absorber damping was designed. Finally, simulations in the frequency domain and time domain show that the proposed HIS-based semiactive dual-frequency-range switching control suspension improves the ride comfort in a wider frequency bandwidth and enhances the antiroll performance in the transient and steady steering process.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE FORCE CHARACTERISTIC OF ROTARY MOTION TYPE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzati Yusri ◽  
Mariam Md Ghazaly ◽  
Esmail Ali Ali Alandoli ◽  
Mohd Fua'ad Rahmat ◽  
Zulkeflee Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Rotary Motion ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Motion Type

This paper addresses a rotary motion type of electromagnetic actuator that compares two types of electromagnetic actuators; i.e the Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) and the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator. The Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) actuator is the combination of permanent magnets (PM) and the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator. The force optimizations are accomplished by manipulating the actuator parameters; i.e. (i) the poles ratio of the stator and rotor; (ii) the actuator’s size; (iii) the number of winding turns; and (iv) the air gap thickness between the stator and rotor through Finite Element Analysis Method (FEM) using the ANSYS Maxwell 3D software. The materials implemented in the actuator’s parameters optimizations are readily available materials, especially in Malaysia. The excitation current used in FEM analysis for both actuators was between 0A and 2A with interval of 0.25A. Based on the FEM analyses, the best result was achieved by the Permanent Magnet Switching Flux (PMSF) actuator. The PMSF actuator produced the largest magnetostatic thrust force (4.36kN) once the size is scaled up to 100% with the input current, 2A respectively. The maximum thrust force generated by the Switching Reluctance (SR) actuator was 168.85μN, which is significantly lower in compared to the results of the PMSF actuator. 

Stability analysis of rigid rotors supported by gas foil bearings coupled with electromagnetic actuators

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kumar Basumatary ◽  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Karuna Kalita ◽  
Sashindra K Kakoty
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Foil Bearings ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Foil Bearing ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rigid Rotors

Rotors supported on gas foil bearings have low damping characteristics, which limits its application. A possible solution could be an integration of a gas foil bearing with an electromagnetic actuator. This paper discusses the effect of electromagnetic actuators on the stability of a rotor supported on gas foil bearings. A coupled dynamic model combining the dynamics of gas foil bearing and electromagnetic actuator has been developed. The fluid film forces from the gas foil bearings and the electromagnetic forces from the electromagnetic actuators are integrated into the equations of motion of the rotor. The sub-synchronous vibration present in case of conventional gas foil bearings is reduced and the stability band of the rotor is increased due to the implementation of electromagnetic actuator.

Analysis and Design of a Broadband Frequency Divider Using Modified Active Loads in GaAs HBT

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Hongliang Lv ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
Yimen Zhang ◽  
Shaojun Li
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Frequency Divider ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Loop Bandwidth ◽  
Text Model

A modified divide-by-2 regenerative frequency divider (RFD) is presented in this paper. The effects of modified active loads on the bandwidth of RFD are demonstrated and analyzed in detail by introducing the equivalent circuit using [Formula: see text] model. Using the transimpedance amplifier structure with resistive shunt–shunt feedback and shunt-peaked inductor as the active loads of the generative frequency divider, the loop bandwidth and the loop gain can be increased at higher frequencies to extend the bandwidth. Based on the theoretical analysis and design methodology, an RFD with improved active loads is designed and fabricated in 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor technology with a total chip area of 0.83[Formula: see text]mm[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.75[Formula: see text]mm. The measured phase noise at the divider output is less than [Formula: see text]110[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz with 100[Formula: see text]kHz offset and is [Formula: see text]127.6[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz with 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset. The operation frequency range is from 10 to 26[Formula: see text]GHz. The power consumption of the divider core is 166.44[Formula: see text]mW, and the frequency bandwidth is 16[Formula: see text]GHz at a supply voltage of [Formula: see text]6[Formula: see text]V.

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