Novel Bismaleimide-Based Shape Memory Polymers: Comparison to Commercial Shape Memory Polymers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber J. W. McClung ◽  
Joseph A. Shumaker ◽  
Jeffery W. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Heat Loads

A series of novel shape memory polymers, synthesized from 4-4-bismaleimidodiphenyl-methane, an extended chain aliphatic diamine, and a bis-isocyanate, have been created and characterized with the aim of providing a family of robust high temperature shape memory polymers with tailorable transition temperatures for use in reconfigurable aerospace structures. In the present study, three of the polymers are chosen for more detailed study of their thermomechanical properties. These materials are compared to commercial resins Veriflex® and Veriflex-E® which are styrene- and epoxy-based proprietary formulations, respectively. The thermal and mechanical properties are determined utilizing thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The temperatures at which 2% weight loss is observed in dry air ranges from 272 to 305 °C for the synthesized polymers, and occurs at 242 and 317 °C for the commercial Veriflex® and Veriflex-E® respectively. The glass transition temperatures, as measured by the peak in the tan(δ) curve, for the synthesized polymers range from 110 to 144 °C which is a higher than the Veriflex® and Veriflex-E® achieve at 84.3 and 100 °C respectively. With operation temperatures of subsonic structural aircraft components often reaching 121 °C (250 °F), the transition temperatures of the bismaleimide-based shape memory polymers are clearly desirable to ensure that shape memory polymers used in aircraft structures will not be prematurely triggered by the existing heat loads. In addition, the shape memory performance of the bismaleimide-based shape memory polymers compares well with the Veriflex® and Veriflex-E® resins.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Epoxy Shape-Memory Thermosets from Triglycidyl Phloroglucinol

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Santiago ◽  
Dailyn Guzmán ◽  
Francesc Ferrando ◽  
Àngels Serra ◽  
Silvia De la Flor
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Diglycidyl Ether ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

A series of bio-based epoxy shape-memory thermosetting polymers were synthesized starting from a triglycidyl phloroglucinol (3EPOPh) and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TPTE) as epoxy monomers and a polyetheramine (JEF) as crosslinking agent. The evolution of the curing process was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the materials obtained were characterized by means of DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), stress-strain tests, and microindentation. Shape-memory properties were evaluated under free and totally constrained conditions. All results were compared with an industrial epoxy thermoset prepared from standard diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA). Results revealed that materials prepared from 3EPOPh were more reactive and showed a tighter network with higher crosslinking density and glass transition temperatures than the prepared from DGEBA. The partial substitution of 3EPOPh by TPTE as epoxy comonomer caused an increase in the molecular mobility of the materials but without worsening the thermal stability. The shape-memory polymers (SMPs) prepared from 3EPOPh showed good mechanical properties as well as an excellent shape-memory performance. They showed almost complete shape-recovery and shape-fixation, fast shape-recovery rates, and recovery stress up to 7 MPa. The results obtained in this study allow us to conclude that the triglycidyl phloroglucinol derivative of eugenol is a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to DGEBA for preparing thermosetting shape-memory polymers.

Influence of Radialization Dosage on Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Copolymer

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 690-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Wei Zhang ◽  
Jin Song Leng ◽  
Yan Ju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Effect ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Styrene Copolymer

This paper is concerned about the synthesis of shape memory styrene copolymer and the investigation of the influence of radialization dosage on its shape memory effect. As one of novel actuators in smart materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been investigated intensively. Styrene copolymer with proper cross-linking degree can exhibit shape memory effect (SME). In this paper, the influence of radialization on shape memory effect of styrene copolymer was investigated through altering the dosage of radialization. The radialization dosage of styrene copolymer was determined by changed radicalization time. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of styrene copolymerwas measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The shape memory performance of styrene copolymer with different radiated dosage was also evaluated. Results indicated that the shape memory polymer (SMP) was synthesized successfully. The Tg increased from 60°C to 65°C followed by increasing the radialization dosage. Moreover, the SMP experienced good SME and the largest reversible strain of the SMP reached as high as 150%. When heating above Tg+30°C (different copolymers performed different Tg), the shape recovery speed of the copolymers increased with increasing the radialization dosage. However, the recovery speed decreased with increasing the radialization dosage at the same temperature of 95°C.

Multiple shape memory polymers for self-deployable device

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (56) ◽  
pp. 50581-50586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyun Zhuo ◽  
Gongzheng Zhang ◽  
Xianqi Feng ◽  
Haoyang Jiang ◽  
Jinli Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures

Three-segments MH copolymers with well-separated glass transition temperatures can subsequently change their shapes in a pre-defined way.

Shape-Memory Polymers with Adjustable High Glass Transition Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 3582-3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Xiao ◽  
Deyan Kong ◽  
Xueying Qiu ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
Fenghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures

scholarly journals Principles for Controlling the Shape Recovery and Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable Shape-Memory Polymers in Biomedical Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Junsang Lee ◽  
Seung-Kyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Recovery ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Property A ◽  
High Tunability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Permanent Implant

Polymers with the shape memory effect possess tremendous potential for application in diverse fields, including aerospace, textiles, robotics, and biomedicine, because of their mechanical properties (softness and flexibility) and chemical tunability. Biodegradable shape memory polymers (BSMPs) have unique benefits of long-term biocompatibility and formation of zero-waste byproducts as the final degradable products are resorbed or absorbed via metabolism or enzyme digestion processes. In addition to their application toward the prevention of biofilm formation or internal tissue damage caused by permanent implant materials and the subsequent need for secondary surgery, which causes secondary infections and complications, BSMPs have been highlighted for minimally invasive medical applications. The properties of BSMPs, including high tunability, thermomechanical properties, shape memory performance, and degradation rate, can be achieved by controlling the combination and content of the comonomer and crystallinity. In addition, the biodegradable chemistry and kinetics of BSMPs, which can be controlled by combining several biodegradable polymers with different hydrolysis chemistry products, such as anhydrides, esters, and carbonates, strongly affect the hydrolytic activity and erosion property. A wide range of applications including self-expending stents, wound closure, drug release systems, and tissue repair, suggests that the BSMPs can be applied as actuators on the basis of their shape recovery and degradation ability.

scholarly journals Epoxy Resin Composite Bilayers with Triple-Shape Memory Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Li ◽  
Yaofeng Zhu ◽  
Yubing Dong ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Qingqing Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Shape Memory Effects ◽  
Triple Shape Memory ◽  
Nanosilica Particles

Triple-shape memory epoxy composites with bilayer structures of well-separated glass transition temperatures have been successfully prepared. The different glass transition temperatures of the epoxy composites were obtained by physically incorporating various amounts of nanosilica particles, which were introduced into the epoxy by utilizing polyethylene glycol. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were used to analyze the dispersibility of the nanosilica particles. The effects of nanosilica particles on the mechanical properties as well as on the dual-shape memory effects (DSME) and triple-shape memory effects (TSME) of the nanocomposites were studied. The nanosilica particles were homogenously dispersed in the matrix and well incorporated into the epoxy matrix. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited excellent TSME, and their shape fixity properties were significantly improved by nanosilica particles.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Highly-Filled Polybenzoxazine-Alumina Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirawat Kajornchaiyakul ◽  
Chanchira Jubsilp ◽  
Sarawut Rimdusit
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alumina Particle ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Alumina Composites

-Highly filled alumina polymer composites based on bisphenol-A/aniline benzoxazine resin (BA-a) were developed. The mechanical and thermal properties of these highly filled composites at various alumina filler contents from 0 to 85 % by weight were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results revealed that the storage modulus (E') at room temperature was increased from 5.93 GPa of the neat polybenzoxazine up to about 45.27 GPa of the composites with the maximum alumina content of 83 % by weight. The glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of the composites systematically increased with increasing the alumina filler contents. The Tgs of the obtained composites having alumina content ranging from 50 to 83 % by weight were found to be 178°C to 188°C, which higher that the Tg of the polybenzoxazine, i.e. 176°C implying substantial interfacial interaction between the alumina particle and the polybenzoxazine.

scholarly journals The Effect of POSS Type on the Shape Memory Properties of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Avraham I. Bram ◽  
Irina Gouzman ◽  
Asaf Bolker ◽  
Noam Eliaz ◽  
Ronen Verker
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane

Thermally activated shape memory polymers (SMPs) can memorize a temporary shape at low temperature and return to their permanent shape at higher temperature. These materials can be used for light and compact space deployment mechanisms. The control of transition temperature and thermomechanical properties of epoxy-based SMPs can be done using functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) additives, which are also known to improve the durability to atomic oxygen in the space environment. In this study, the influence of varying amounts of two types of POSS added to epoxy-based SMPs on the shape memory effect (SME) were studied. The first type contained amine groups, whereas the second type contained epoxide groups. The curing conditions were defined using differential scanning calorimetry and glass transition temperature (Tg) measurements. Thermomechanical and SME properties were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that SMPs containing amine-based POSS show higher Tg, better shape fixity and faster recovery speed, while SMPs containing epoxide-based POSS have higher crosslinking density and show superior thermomechanical properties above Tg. This work demonstrates how the Tg and SME of SMPs can be controlled by the type and amount of POSS in an epoxy-based SMP nanocomposite for future space applications.

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