Bimorph Piezoelectric Cymbal Design in Energy Harvesting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changki Mo ◽  
Steve Jordan ◽  
William W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers ◽  
End Caps

This paper presents the development of a bimorph piezoelectric cymbal energy harvester that is particularly useful for extracting energy from the vibrating systems of relatively high compressive load. The bimorph cymbal harvester can be used to charge a capacitor or a battery through the piezoelectric layers fitted within the metal end caps under repeated compression or deformation. In this work, feasibility of a bimorph piezoelectric cymbal harvester in series operation is investigated through theoretical analysis and experimental validation. The bimorph cymbal uses a composite disc of two piezoelectric layers and a steel substrate between metal end caps. Theoretical modeling to quantify the generated energy by using bimorph cymbal design is first conducted. A parametric study is then performed to optimize generated energy with the dominant design parameters influencing energy harvesting performance for the cymbal structure. The parameters such as thickness of the end caps, radius ratio of the apex to the cavity of the end caps, cavity depth, and thickness ratio of the piezoelectric to the steel substrate are considered. Based on the optimized dimension, a cymbal harvester was fabricated and tested to validate analytically predicted open-circuit voltage on a hand jack type test rig. Experimental result indicates that the measured open-circuit voltage from the bimorph cymbal harvester is less than that of analytically predicted. However, it shows that the bimorph piezoelectric cymbal structure is an alternative cymbal design that is useful for harvesting energy from the source of relatively high load.

scholarly journals Modeling of a Symmetric Five-Bar Displacement Amplification Compliant Mechanism for Energy Harvesting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Moataz M. Elsisy ◽  
Mustafa H. Arafa ◽  
Chahinaz A. Saleh ◽  
Yasser H. Anis
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper presents an analytical model to determine a closed form mathematical representation for the output displacement of a displacement amplification compliant mechanism used for energy harvesting. A symmetric five-bar compliant mechanism with right-circular and corner-filleted flexure hinges was mathematically modeled and its displacement was determined using the Castigliano energy theorem. The stresses within the flexure joints, the weakest points in the mechanism body, were calculated. The mathematical model expresses both the displacement amplification and the stresses as functions of the design parameters and the load caused by the harvester. The developed model can be used to optimize the mechanism dimensions for maximum harvested power, while minimizing its structural stresses. The mechanism was also modeled numerically using finite element methods; both the analytical and numerical models were verified experimentally. The mathematical model of the mechanism was integrated with a model representing a piezoelectric energy harvester to calculate the open-circuit voltage. As a proof of concept, experiments were performed using an unimorph piezoelectric cantilever at low-frequency (less than 1 Hz) harmonic excitation inputs. The measured open-circuit voltage was found to be in agreement with that calculated using the proposed model, when integrated with the model representing the piezoelectric beam. The power generated by the piezoelectric harvester, equipped with the proposed displacement amplification mechanism, was more than a hundred times that without amplification.

Unimorph PZT Cymbal Design in Energy Harvesting

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changki Mo ◽  
Daniel Arnold ◽  
William C. Kinsel ◽  
William W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
End Caps ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Circuit Output

This paper presents power generation performance of unimorph PZT (lead zirconate titanate) cymbal harvesters optimally designed for the power requirements of a specific application. Proof-of-concept work has shown that the traditional cymbal design can be adapted to a new design that is capable of sustaining higher mechanical loads by replacing the piezoelectric plate with a unimorph circular piezoelectric diaphragm between the metal end caps. The unimorph circular diaphragm is constructed by bonding PZT to a steel substrate to provide increased strength. Additional work was performed to prepare the new cymbal design for large-scale implementation in a variety of applications. The parameters that affect energy harvesting performance for the cymbal structure are first optimized by parametric studies to produce optimum generated energy from a specific range of applied cyclic forces. Key parameters in the unimorph PZT cymbal design include the material properties and the dimensions of the end caps, the ratios of the diameters of the unimorph disc and the end cap cavity, and thickness ratio of the PZT layer and the substrate. Based on the optimized unimorph PZT cymbal structure, a specimen was then fabricated and tested on the load-frame to validate analytically predicted energy generating performance. The specimen was tested under a 1 Hz cyclic load of up to 2,100 N. The measured open circuit output voltages for two different load inputs were in accordance with the analytical prediction.

scholarly journals An Optimized Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Low Cut-In Wind Speed

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Lanbin Zhang ◽  
Zhihao Ma ◽  
Huliang Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Vibration Behavior ◽  
Air Speed

We present an optimized flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for wind energy harvesting. The vibration and power generation characteristics of this TENG are investigated in detail, and a low cut-in wind speed of 3.4 m/s is achieved. It is found that the air speed, the thickness and length of the membrane, and the distance between the electrode plates mainly determine the PTFE membrane’s vibration behavior and the performance of TENG. With the optimized value of the thickness and length of the membrane and the distance of the electrode plates, the peak open-circuit voltage and output power of TENG reach 297 V and 0.46 mW at a wind speed of 10 m/s. The energy generated by TENG can directly light up dozens of LEDs and keep a digital watch running continuously by charging a capacitor of 100 μF at a wind speed of 8 m/s.

Evaluation of Analytical and Finite Element Modeling on Coupled Field Dynamics of Piezoelectric Cantilever Bimorph Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 1846-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Keith A. Williams ◽  
Zheng Chao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Coupled Field ◽  
Tip Displacement

As the portable electronics and wireless sensors continue to be minimized in size and power consumption, the energy harvesting from the surrounding environment has become a potential major or supplementary power source for those devices. As an energy harvesting option for converting the mechanical vibrations to the electrical energy, the structure-electricity field coupled piezoelectric materials have relatively high conversion efficiency, light weight and small size, making them preferable for wireless sensor networks and portable electronics. In this paper, the modeling work on coupled field dynamics of the piezoelectric cantilevered bimorph (PCB) energy harvester is presented, in terms of structure tip displacement and open-circuit electrical potential generated through harmonic excitation. First, a single degree of freedom (SDOF) analytical model is presented for predicting the tip displacement of the PCB structure, and then a finite element (FE) model is created to simulate the tip displacement and open-circuit voltage of the PCB structure. Then, both the analytical and finite element models are compared against the laboratory experimental results. The comparison shows that the FE model has a better agreement with the experimental result than the analytical model. Based on the evaluation, these two models could be adopted as design tools in different cases.

scholarly journals Triboelectric Energy Harvesting of the Superhydrophobic Coating from Dropping Water

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1936
Author(s):  
Jiaxuan Niu ◽  
Wenjie Xu ◽  
Kaiyi Tian ◽  
Gang He ◽  
Zhengyong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Glass Sheet ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Superhydrophobic Coating ◽  
Conductive Glass ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Fluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
Triboelectric Energy Harvesting

In this paper, the superhydrophobic coating was prepared by spraying the composites of fluorocarbon emulsion and nanosized silica on the conductive glass sheet for the triboelectric energy harvesting from water droplets. The low surface energy of fluorine in the fluorocarbon emulsion and nanosilica renders the coating with the static contact angle and sliding angle of 156.2° and 6.74°, respectively. The conductive aluminum tape was attached on the surface of the superhydrophobic coating to complete the circuit constituted with the aluminum electrode, charged superhydrophobic coating, and the conductive glass sheet. During the contact electrification with the bouncing water droplet, the superhydrophobic coating with the aluminum electrode can obtain the electric energy with an open-circuit voltage of 20 V and short-circuit current of 4.5 μA, respectively. While the control device only produced an open-circuit voltage of 0.2 V. The generated power by one drop was enough to light up 16 commercial LEDs. Results demonstrate that the fluorocarbon/silica composite superhydrophobic coating is potentially a strong candidate for scavenging energy in sliding mode from raindrops.

Enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting power with thermoelectric energy assistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2199123
Author(s):  
Zhidong Chen ◽  
Yinshui Xia ◽  
Ge Shi ◽  
Huakang Xia ◽  
Xiudeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Assistance ◽  
Standard Energy ◽  
Power Generation Performance

The demand for life-time power supply in Internet of Things (IoT) nodes is a challenge issue. Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is expected to meet the demand by harvesting vibration energy and converting it into electricity for the IoT nodes. This article presents a novel PEH power improvement circuit with thermoelectric energy assistance. The proposed circuit can extract energy from thermoelectric generator (TEG) to assist the PEH. Simulation and experimental platforms are built for testing the power generation performance of the proposed circuit. With the thermoelectric assistance of 0.1 V and 0.2 V, the harvested power can reach 3.4 times and 4 times that of the standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit when the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) original open circuit voltage Voc,org = 8 V, respectively. The harvested power can be increased by 13.3% and 33.3% with the thermoelectric assistance of 0.1 V and 0.2 V, respectively.

scholarly journals Flexible Ag Microparticle/MXene-Based Film for Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Jia ◽  
Yamin Pan ◽  
Chunfeng Wang ◽  
Chuntai Liu ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Flexible Films ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

AbstractUltra-thin flexible films have attracted wide attention because of their excellent ductility and potential versatility. In particular, the energy-harvesting films (EHFs) have become a research hotspot because of the indispensability of power source in various devices. However, the design and fabrication of such films that can capture or transform different types of energy from environments for multiple usages remains a challenge. Herein, the multifunctional flexible EHFs with effective electro-/photo-thermal abilities are proposed by successive spraying Ag microparticles and MXene suspension between on waterborne polyurethane films, supplemented by a hot-pressing. The optimal coherent film exhibits a high electrical conductivity (1.17×104 S m−1), excellent Joule heating performance (121.3 °C) at 2 V, and outstanding photo-thermal performance (66.2 °C within 70 s under 100 mW cm−1). In addition, the EHFs-based single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) give short-circuit transferred charge of 38.9 nC, open circuit voltage of 114.7 V, and short circuit current of 0.82 μA. More interestingly, the output voltage of TENG can be further increased via constructing the double triboelectrification layers. The comprehensive ability for harvesting various energies of the EHFs promises their potential to satisfy the corresponding requirements.

Designing Test Machine for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Pavement Deformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1435-1438
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Sun ◽  
Guang Qing Shang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
New Type ◽  
Driving Condition ◽  
Design Requirements

To find the new type of sustainable and renewable energy and harvest energy from pavement deformation, a new idea of designing test machine to harvest piezoelectric energy from pavement is innovatively proposed. A mathematical model of open-circuit voltage is deduced from the piezoelectric equations. Design requirements of the test machine are proposed based on the model and vehicle driving condition. The construction and work principle of the machine are elaborated. A prototype of the test machine is designed and manufactured. Some experiment is done to test the excited voltage of a series of piezoelectric harvesters with the test machine. The result shows that the measured data are basically the same to the theoretical ones. It is feasible to use the test machine for measuring piezoelectric energy harvesting characteristics from pavement deformation. Therefore, the machine can be applied for in-depth and systematic studying piezoelectric harvesting energy technology from pavement deformation.

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