Ticks on small mammals from an ecotone region impacted by rural activities in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
Rafael Quirino Moreira ◽  
Vanessa Do Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Adriane Suzin ◽  
Diego Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Paulo Ricardo De Oliveira Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

We evaluated the role of communities of small mammals from three distinct areas in a region of Cerrado mixed with Atlantic Forest remains for maintenance of tick fauna. Thirty-nine marsupials (Gracilinanus agilis, n = 34; Marmosa paraguaiana, n = 4; Didelphis albiventris, n = 1) and 33 rodents (Oecomys cleberi, n = 10; Nectomys squamipes, n = 4; Calomys tener, n = 4; Hylaeamys megacephalus, n = 4; Akodon sp., n = 3; Rattus rattus, n = 3; Cerradomys subflavus, n = 2; Mus musculus, n = 2; Rhipidomys macrurus, n = 1) were captured. Solely G. agilis and the four rodent species (N. squamipes, R. macrurus, C. subflavus and Akodon sp.) were infested. Four tick species were collected (Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma sculptum, Ixodes loricatus and Ornithodoros mimon). A. dubitatum was the most abundant tick species on hosts. Capture success was higher in the dry season, but the infestation was similar in both seasons. Forested habitats, particularly riparian forests, resulted in higher number of hosts and ticks collected (from hosts and from vegetation), compared to pastures and anthropized sites. The association between C. subflavus and I. loricatus and between A. dubitatum and N. squamipes observed here is the first recorded in Cerrado biome. Areas with more patches of forest, including the Atlantic Forest fragments, tend to present a richest community of small mammals and associated ticks.

scholarly journals Small mammal glucocorticoid concentrations vary with forest fragment size, trap type, and mammal taxa in the Interior Atlantic Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Boyle ◽  
Noé U. de la Sancha ◽  
Pastor Pérez ◽  
David Kabelik
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractSpecies that live in degraded habitats often show signs of physiological stress. Glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., corticosterone and cortisol) are often assessed as a proxy of the extent of physiological stress an animal has experienced. Our goal was to quantify glucocorticoids in free-ranging small mammals in fragments of Interior Atlantic Forest. We extracted glucocorticoids from fur samples of 106 small mammals (rodent genera Akodon and Oligoryzomys, and marsupial genera Gracilinanus and Marmosa) from six forest fragments (2–1200 ha) in the Reserva Natural Tapytá, Caazapá Department, Paraguay. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of corticosterone and cortisol levels for three of the four sampled genera (Akodon, Oligoryzomys, and Marmosa) in this forest system. We discovered three notable results. First, as predicted, glucocorticoid levels were higher in individuals living withing small forest fragments. Second, animals captured live using restraint trapping methods (Sherman traps) had higher glucocorticoid levels than those animals captured using kill traps (Victor traps), suggesting that hair glucocorticoid measures can reflect acute stress levels in addition to long-term glucocorticoid incorporation. These acute levels are likely due to urinary steroids diffusing into the hair shaft. This finding raises a concern about the use of certain trapping techniques in association with fur hormone analysis. Finally, as expected, we also detected genus-specific differences in glucocorticoid levels, as well as cortisol/corticosterone ratios.

scholarly journals Ticks infesting birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Seron Sanches ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ileyne Tenório Lopes ◽  
Luís Flávio da Silva Costa ◽  
Pablo Henrique Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Records

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.

scholarly journals Infecção natural de pequenos mamíferos por Schistosoma mansoni, na represa de Americana (São Paulo, Brasil)

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urara Kawazoe ◽  
Luiz Candido de Souza Dias ◽  
José de Toledo Piza
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cavia Aperea ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris ◽  
Lutreolina Crassicaudata

No período de janeiro de 1972 a agosto de 1975, nas margens da Represa de Americana (= Represa de Salto Grande), Brasil, em locais onde foi constatada a infecção por Schistosoma mansoni no homem e em Biomphalaria tenagophila, foram capturados 124 pequenos mamíferos: 44 exemplares de Cavia aperea aperea; 9 de Didelphis albiventris; 7 de Holochilus brasiliensis leucogaster; 39 de Lutreolina crassicaudata; 3 de Mus musculus brevirostris; 14 de Oryzomys nigripes eliurus; 1 de Oryzomys subflavus; 4 de Rattus rattus e 3 de Zygodontomys brachyurus. Verificou-se a infecção natural por S. mansoni em 2 exemplares de D. albiventris, em 3 de H. b. leucogaster e em 5 de L. crassicaudata. Estudou-se nestes animais a presença de elementos esquistossomóticos nas fezes e no intestino, bem como a distribuição e sexo de vermes adultos no sistema porta. Nas fezes de L. crassicuadata e de D. albiventris raramente foram observados ovos maduros do trematódeo. Em H. b. leucogaster era comum a presença destes elementos nas fezes. Devido a pequena abundância de H. b. leucogaster na área estudada, é provável que este roedor pouco contribua na disseminação de ovos de S. mansoni. Parece que a fauna de pequenos mamíferos estudada nesta região não desempenha papel relevante na manutenção do ciclo de S. mansoni.

scholarly journals Synanthropic rodent reservoirs of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in the valley of Caracas, Venezuela

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidi HERRERA ◽  
Servio URDANETA-MORALES
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Blood Examination ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Synanthropic Rodents

Direct blood examination and xenodiagnosis of 47 synanthropic rodents (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, Mus musculus) captured in the valley of Caracas, Venezuela, revealed trypanosomal infections in 12 R. rattus, 10 with T. lewisi and 2 with T. cruzi. Of the latter the course of parasitemia, the pleomorphism of the bloodstream trypomastigotes, tissue tropism in naturally and experimentally infected rats and mice, host mortality, morphology of fecal parasites in Rhodnius prolixus used for xenodiagnosis, and infectivity of the bug feces for NMRI mice, were all characteristic of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. One rat, with a patent parasitemia, had numerous nests of amastigotes in cardiac muscle and moderate parasitism of the smooth muscle of the duodenum and of skeletal muscle. Mice inoculated with fecal flagellates from the bugs had moderate tissue tropism in the same organs and also in the colon and pancreas. The possible role of R. rattus in the establishment of foci of Chagas’ disease in Caracas is discussed

scholarly journals Habitat associations of small mammals in southern Brazil and use of regurgitated pellets of birds of prey for inventorying a local fauna

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR. Scheibler ◽  
AU. Christoff
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Barn Owls

We inventoried terrestrial small mammals in an agricultural area in southern Brazil by using trapping and prey consumed by Barn Owls (Tyto alba) and White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus). Small mammals were trapped in three habitat types: corn fields, uncultivated fields ("capoeiras"), and native forest fragments. A total of 1,975 small mammal specimens were trapped, another 2,062 identified from the diet of Barn Owls, and 2,066 from the diet of White-tailed Kites. Both trapping and prey in the predators' diet yielded 18 small mammal species: three marsupials (Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis, and Monodelphis dimidiata) and 15 rodents (Akodon paranaensis, Bruceppatersonius iheringi, Calomys sp., Cavia aperea, Euryzygomatomys spinosus, Holochilus brasiliensis, Mus musculus, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys squamipes, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oryzomys angouya, Oxymycterus sp.1, Oxymycterus sp.2, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758)). The greatest richness was found in the uncultivated habitat. We concluded that the three methods studied for inventorying small mammals (prey in the diet of Barn Owls, White-tailed Kites, and trapping) were complementary, since together, rather than separately, they produced a better picture of local richness.

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