Quantity analysis of micro-organisms in bottled water

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Xiangyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Bottled Water ◽  
Micro Organisms

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SUN RADIATION ON THE QUALITY OF SACHET AND BOTTLED WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onosakponome . ◽  
Ogaga Robert
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Sachet Water

In recent times, packaging of potable water in form of bottled water or sachet water has gradually gained wider acceptability in our major cities. Demographic and socioeconomic variables are largely responsible for the choice and preference for this product. Packaged water exposed to the hot sun in the process of storage or transportation does cause serious chemical exposure. Ultraviolet rays from the sun or high temperatures do accelerate leaching of toxic substance (dioxin) and other plastic chemicals into the water. The polythene bags also develop germs and micro-organisms which enter the water through the deterioration of the polythene bag (weather susceptible). Two bags of sachet water (60cl) and two packs of bottled water (75cl) each were selected for the sample from three purposely selected water packaging companies with regard to the rate of production and consumption. These samples were exposed to direct heat of sunlight to achieve sun radiation, a control was obtained from the same source and assessed after the exposed sample has been tested at intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 2 months, and finally 3 months duration. The parameter analysis conducted was in adherence to WHO standards and criteria. The results obtained shows that the concentration levels of various physiochemical parameters in the studied packaged water types did not exceed the international guidelines for drinking water but variations of physiochemical properties were found when compared with the control. Such variation can be attributed to the leaching of the compounds produced from the photodegradation of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by sunlight. Due to the presence of organic and inorganic compounds in the water sample, residual chlorine, for all samples underwent a depleting process during the course of exposure; Company A recorded a value ranging from 0.02-0.21 mg/l, while Company B’s values ranged from of 0.03-0.2 mg/l and Company C maintained 0.05mg/l to 0.23 mg/l.

Review of the Radiation Damage Problem of Organic Specimens in Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Damage Processes

Most information about a specimen is obtained by elastic scattering of electrons, but one cannot avoid inelastic scattering and therefore radiation damage by ionisation as a primary process of damage. This damage is a dose effect, being proportional to the product of lectron current density j and the irradiation time t in Coul.cm−2 as long as there is a negligible heating of the specimen.Therefore one has to determine the dose needed to produce secondary damage processes, which can be measured quantitatively by a chemical or physical effect in the thin specimen. The survival of micro-organisms or the decrease of photoconductivity and cathodoluminescence are such effects needing very small doses (see table).

Functional amyloid: widespread in Nature, diverse in purpose

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi L.L. Pham ◽  
Ann H. Kwan ◽  
Margaret Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Spider Silk ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation ◽  
Functional Amyloid ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Functional Amyloids ◽  
Micro Organisms

Amyloids are insoluble fibrillar protein deposits with an underlying cross-β structure initially discovered in the context of human diseases. However, it is now clear that the same fibrillar structure is used by many organisms, from bacteria to humans, in order to achieve a diverse range of biological functions. These functions include structure and protection (e.g. curli and chorion proteins, and insect and spider silk proteins), aiding interface transitions and cell–cell recognition (e.g. chaplins, rodlins and hydrophobins), protein control and storage (e.g. Microcin E492, modulins and PMEL), and epigenetic inheritance and memory [e.g. Sup35, Ure2p, HET-s and CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein)]. As more examples of functional amyloid come to light, the list of roles associated with functional amyloids has continued to expand. More recently, amyloids have also been implicated in signal transduction [e.g. RIP1/RIP3 (receptor-interacting protein)] and perhaps in host defence [e.g. aDrs (anionic dermaseptin) peptide]. The present chapter discusses in detail functional amyloids that are used in Nature by micro-organisms, non-mammalian animals and mammals, including the biological roles that they play, their molecular composition and how they assemble, as well as the coping strategies that organisms have evolved to avoid the potential toxicity of functional amyloid.

X-ray Pictures of Micro-organisms

1913 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-115
Author(s):  
Alfred Gradenwitz
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Organisms

The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽  
Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽  
Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

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