Effects of different combinations of N, P and K at different time interval on vegetative, reproductive, yield and quality traits of mango (Mangifera Indica. L) cv. Dusehri

The experiment was carried out on mango cv. Dusehri to investigate the effect of N, P and K fertilizers on vegetative, reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality. Eight different fertilizer combinations such as T1 (control), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) and T8 (NPK) were used. Individual or combine fertilizer application of N (1000 g), P (750 g) and K (750 g) were applied during growing season in February and August. All the treatments significantly influenced on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and other physiochemical attributes of mango as compared to control. Least effect was observed with individual fertilizer application while combine fertilizer treatments enhanced most of the investigated parameters. Especially, qualitative traits showed non-significant differences between treated and untreated mango trees. However, among the different treatments T8 (NPK) showed significance for fruiting aspects such as maximum size of growth flushes (177.51 mm), total number of panicles/tree (845), total number of flowers/panicle (974), sex ratio (69.18%), fruit retention (13.85%), total number of fruits/tree (379), yield (82 kg/tree), fruit weight (197.5 g), pulp weight (135.5 g) and physiochemical parameters namely TSS (24.53), Vit. C (57.63 mg/100 mL) and total sugar (20.84%). In general, combine application of NPK (T8) were the most effective in enhancing fruiting aspects, yield, physiochemical characteristics as well as improved fruit quality of mango trees.

Synthesis of Some New Acetanilide Derivatives as COX Inhibitors and Assessment of Analgesic/ Anti-Inflammatory Activities

The purpose of the present research was to synthesize a new series of acetanilide derivatives that would have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory animals (rats). IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy and Mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the structures of freshly synthesised compounds. The goal of the computer analysis of synthesized compounds was to see how similar they were in terms of physicochemical properties. For this, physiochemical parameters were calculated. The result suggested the reasonable physiochemical similarity with diclofenac sodium and Indomethacin. Molecular docking studies showed that the all the test compounds perfectly docked with COX-2 enzyme with all the drug-likeness characteristics. Before start of in-vivo evaluation, in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition assays was performed with an aim to evaluate the compounds against the protein target COX-2 which would exhibit their inhibitory activity. The test compounds (C1-C6) were subjected to analgesic activity evaluation by Eddy’s hot plate method and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation by Carageenan induced edema method respectively.

Effect of inulin and oat flour on viability of probiotics and physicochemical properties of reduced fat synbiotic ice cream

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the viability of probiotics, physicochemical and sensory properties of reduced fat synbiotic ice cream.Design/methodology/approachThe treatments were as follows: control was made by the addition of Lactobacillus salivarius NBIMCC 1589 and Lactobacillus crispatus NBIMCC 2451 (1:1). The treatments (T1, T2 and T3) were made with the addition of L. salivarius NBIMCC 1589 and L. crispatus NBIMCC 2451 (1:1) + 2% oat flour, 2% inulin and 4% oat flour + inulin (1:1). Physiochemical parameters (pH, moisture, fat, protein, fibre, ash, overrun, first dripping time and melting rate) were determined.FindingsThe ice cream with inulin and oat flour had lower moisture content, which was recorded 70.41, 69.88 and 68.82% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. While the protein, fat and ash content of treated samples increased. The highest acidity (0.43%) was recorded in T3. The overrun increased by around 43% in T3 compared with control. The viable counts of probiotics were significantly (p = 0.05) decreased by two or three log cycles. Finally, T3 received the highest sensory score, which could be due to the combination between oat flour and inulin.Originality/valueA novel ice cream was produced using a combination of inulin and oat flour, which enhanced the viability of added probiotics. Reduced fat synbiotic ice cream was a good carrier for probiotics, which facilitates the production of healthy dairy products.

Statistical analyses of the physiochemical properties of derived savanna, rainforest landscapes of Delta State Nigeria

The derived savanna landscape of Delta state situated within the rainforest region are always considered with apathy as they are viewed as idle, marginalized or abandoned landscapes. The study therefore focused on statistical analysis of the physiochemical properties of the derived savanna, rainforest and fallow landscapes of Delta state. The statistical analysis gave impetus for the derivation of Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The hypothesis formulated to guide the study was tested using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This was used to test the variation between soil physiochemical parameters of the various landscapes at 0.05 significance level. Specifically, the study found out that the physiochemical parameters of the landscapes studied are significantly correlated. Thus, implying basic similarities in soil fertility and soil constituent tendencies between the landscapes.

EQUILIBRIUM, KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE ON ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COCOA POD SHELLS

The aim of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using activated carbon from cocoa pod shells, waste from agriculture to adsorb methylene blue from aqueous solutions through batch tests. Various physiochemical parameters such as, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH of dye solution and temperature were investigated in a batch-adsorption technique. The process followed the pseudo-second order kinetics model which showed chemical adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to determine adsorption constants. The maximum adsorption capacity at 30°C is 526.31 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (∆Hº), free energy change (∆Gº) and entropy change (∆Sº) were studied, and the adsorption process of BM was found to be exothermic and spontaneous.

A Review of the Environmental Impact of Gas Flaring on the Physiochemical Properties of Water, Soil and Air Quality in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is of great socio-economic importance due to its huge crude oil reserves. However, the process of exploration has been of great detrimental effect on the physiochemical properties of the soil, water and air quality in the region and has caused several public health issues. This review article is focused on readdressing the extent of the impact of one of the processes, gas flaring on the environment, using some physiochemical parameters of rain water, soil and air quality in some selected communities in the Niger Delta region based on series of previous researches. The results show that gas flaring has negatively impacted the physical and chemical properties soil, water and air components of the environment, most especially impacting areas very close to the flaring site. Also, recommendations were made as to how the flaring of gas can be reduced to a very minimal level as well as how these gases can be utilized making it more economical than the flaring process which is a very good case for further research.

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF FIVE GENERICS AMLODIPINE BESYLATE TABLETS MARKETED IN YEMEN

Objective: The present paper aims to evaluate the quality of five different brands (local and imported) of oral film-coated tablets of generic Amlodipine besylate 5 mg marketed in Sana`a-Yemen, through physiochemical parameters. Methods: Different physicochemical parameters, including the uniformity of tablet weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration time, and an assay of active ingredients, were conducted to validate the quality of generics Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg according to USP specification. Results: From the obtained results, it was observed that all the brands of Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg have passed the tests and met the specifications of USP. Results of weight variation, hardness, thickness, and disintegration time were ranged from-3.8 % to+5.13 % to-1.25 % to+3.25 %, 5.06±0.31 to 13.21±1.5, 2.682±0.04 to 3.676±0.01 and 25 s to 2 min: 30 s, respectively. The dissolution test and the assay results of all the brands are also ranged within the acceptable label claim 93.7±2.24 to 98.4±0.85 and 93.22±0.38 to 100.15±0.33, respectively. However, there is no relation was found between the disintegration time and the dissolution test. Conclusion: According to the finding, all the selected Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg brands are met pharmacopeia standards and USP specifications. Therefore, the local and imported Amlodipine Besylate 5 mg can be used safely to get the desired therapeutic efficiency.

Short Communication: Fish diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in Kamala River, Nepal

Ghimire S, Koju NP. 2021. Short Communication: Fish diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in Kamala River, Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 4865-4871. Kamala River originates from the lower part of the Mahabharat range and flows through inner to outer Terai, providing a broad range of ecosystem services; provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. However, the information regarding the environmental factors and species diversity in the river is not available enough. Hence the study aimed to explore baseline information on the diversity and abundance of fish and their relation to environmental variables. The fish diversity was assessed in five sections of Kamala River and correlated with different environmental variables. The study was carried out during September- October 2019, marking the post-monsoon season of Nepal. Fish samples were collected using cast nets, and physiochemical parameters were analysed onsite and in the laboratory. Altogether 19 freshwater fish species belonging to 5 orders, 8 families, and 15 genera were recorded. Cyprinids were the most dominant in the river, while Channids, Mastacembelids, Botiids, Sisorids, Gobiids were represented less. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) ordination method revealed that species variation was correlated with temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and nitrate. Nonetheless, different river sections were disturbed due to mining, deforestation, and construction activities, which could pose a real threat to fish diversity and population, and other aquatic organisms.

A STUDY TO ACCESS THE PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY OF SELECTED PONDS FROM THREE DISTRICTS OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Water is the most abundant and non-renewable resource in the earth, which play an important role in all living organisms. A study on physiochemical parameters of Manur, Vallanadu and Sundarapandiapatinam ponds from Tirunelveli, Thootukudi and Ramanathapuram districts of Tamil Nadu, India, has addressed the seasonal changes. During the month of January to April samples from Manur was chemically portable, Vallanadu sample was physically portable, Sundarapandiapatinam samples were physically and chemically not portable. During the month of May to August Vallanadu and Manur samples were portable by its physical and chemical examination, Sundarapandiapatinam samples were non portable by its physiochemical property. September to December the samples from all the three ponds were non portable because of exceeding the permissible limit. All the samples were bacteriologically unsafe in nature because of its microbial contamination. This implies the water bodies are not fit for domestic and drinking purpose, thus proper management has to be done by the society and implement government guidelines to save the natural resources from manmade activities.

ALLEVIATION OF CHANGES IN GROWTH AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN SALT (NACL) STRESSED OF TWO SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L) VARIETIES

Present research was carried out with the aim of identifying effect of salt stress (NaCl 0(Control), 40, 80, and 120 mM) on growth and physiochemical parameters of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) variety CO-1 and KRR-2. Various parameters such as height of the plant, leaf area, fresh weight of the whole plant and dry weight of whole plant and decreased the content of physiochemical parameters were analyzed. All the parameters were recorded at 30th Days after Treatment (DAT). Analysis revealed a significant reduction in all parameters with increased salt concentration. This experiment carried out fully pot culture methods. Severity of salinity stressed condition were also observed with increased salinity concentration level at the same time decrease in all growth parameter were non-significant in stressed plant as compared two sesame varieties CO-1 and KRR-2. CO-1 in the sesame varieties at 120mM high salt concentration increased with lower decreased was observed in height of the plant, Leaf area, fresh weight of the whole plant and dry weight of whole plant and decreased the content of physiochemical parameters compared to other sesame varieties KRR-2 under salt stress condition. The results indicated that plants of sesame variety CO-1 exhibited higher adaptive potential under salinity stress as judged by higher growth and higher content of physiochemical parameters when compared to variety KRR-2.