The role of U.S. thermal stress in modulating the vascular transport dynamics in the brain tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. A119-A119
Author(s):  
Costas Arvanitis ◽  
Chulyong Kim ◽  
Yutong Guo ◽  
Anastasia Velalopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Vascular Transport ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for the treatment of tumors of the brain and spine: a brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
Clark Chen ◽  
Ian Lee ◽  
Claudio Tatsui ◽  
Theresa Elder ◽  
Andrew E. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Primary Indication ◽  
Interstitial Thermotherapy ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy (LITT; also known as Stereotactic Laser Ablation or SLA), is a minimally invasive treatment modality that has recently gained prominence in the treatment of malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors and radiation necrosis and studies for treatment of spinal metastasis has recently been reported. Methods Here we provide a brief literature review of the various contemporary uses for LITT and their reported outcomes. Results Historically, the primary indication for LITT has been for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). However, indications have continued to expand and now include gliomas of different grades, brain metastasis (BM), radiation necrosis (RN), other types of brain tumors as well as spine metastasis. LITT is emerging as a safe, reliable, minimally invasive clinical approach, particularly for deep seated, focal malignant brain tumors and radiation necrosis. The role of LITT for treatment of other types of tumors of the brain and for spine tumors appears to be evolving at a small number of centers. While the technology appears to be safe and increasingly utilized, there have been few prospective clinical trials and most published studies combine different pathologies in the same report. Conclusion Well-designed prospective trials will be required to firmly establish the role of LITT in the treatment of lesions of the brain and spine.

THE ROLE OF VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-577
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Dorosevich ◽  
N. Buzgan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Tumor Stem Cells ◽  
Intercellular Interactions ◽  
Resident Cell ◽  
The Brain

Processes of neovascularization are key for the growth and spread of tumor cells. This article describes unique patterns of angiogenesis, which are considered as specific exclusively for brain tumors. At present the role of specialized perivascular niches in the development of oncological processes of the brain acquires a growing importance in the eyes of researchers. Perivascular niches play a crucial role in intercellular interactions between resident cell lines in the development of the tumor process and are also a source of tumor stem cells.

scholarly journals Closed-loop trans-skull ultrasound hyperthermia leads to improved drug delivery from thermosensitive drugs and promotes changes in vascular transport dynamics in brain tumors

Theranostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7276-7293
Author(s):  
Chulyong Kim ◽  
Yutong Guo ◽  
Anastasia Velalopoulou ◽  
Johannes Leisen ◽  
Anjan Motamarry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Vascular Transport ◽  
Ultrasound Hyperthermia

scholarly journals Inhibition of the Growth of Breast Cancer-Associated Brain Tumors by the Osteocyte-Derived Conditioned Medium

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Sano ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Shengzhi Liu ◽  
Misato Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
The Brain

The brain is a common site of metastasis from advanced breast cancer but few effective treatments are available. We examined a therapeutic option with a conditioned medium (CM), focusing on the role of Lrp5 and β-catenin in Wnt signaling, and IL1ra in osteocytes. Osteocytes presented the innate anti-tumor effect and the overexpression of the above genes strengthened their action. In a mouse model, the injection of their CM inhibited mammary tumors and tumor-driven osteolysis. Importantly, Lrp5- and/or IL1ra-overexpressing osteocytes or the local administration of β-catenin-overexpressing CM markedly inhibited brain tumors. In the transport analysis, tumor-suppressing factors in CM were shown to diffuse through the skull. Mechanistically, the CM with overexpression of the above genes downregulated oncogenic genes such as MMP9, Runx2, TGFβ, and Snail in breast cancer cells. Also, the CM with β-catenin overexpression downregulated CXCL1 and CXCL5 and upregulated tumor suppressors such as LIMA1, DSP, p53, and TRAIL in breast cancer cells. Notably, whole-genome proteomics revealed that histone H4 was enriched in CM and acted as an atypical tumor suppressor. Lrp5-overexpressing MSCs were also shown to act as anti-tumor agents. Collectively, this study demonstrated the therapeutic role of engineered CM in brain tumors and the tumor-suppressing action of extracellular histone H4. The result sheds light on the potential CM-based therapy for breast cancer-associated brain metastases in a minimally invasive manner.

In vivo transfer of the human interleukin-2 gene: negative tumoricidal results in experimental brain tumors

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Ram ◽  
Stuart Walbridge ◽  
John D. Heiss ◽  
Kenneth W. Culver ◽  
R. Michael Blaese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tumor Eradication ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors have recently shown the feasibility of eradicating brain tumors using in vivo retroviral-mediated transduction of tumors with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HStk) gene and ganciclovir therapy. However, thymidine kinase-transduced subcutaneous tumors in immunocompromised (athymic) mice were less responsive to this therapy than in immunocompetent animals, suggesting a role of the immune system in the process of tumor eradication. Broad suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immunity is found in patients with malignant gliomas. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and IL-2 receptor expression are decreased in glioma patients. These findings and the proposed association between lymphocytic infiltration of brain tumors and survival suggest that immune response modifiers may be useful in treating glioma patients. To evaluate the role of local cytokine expression by tumor cells, alone or combined with HStk gene transfer and ganciclovir therapy, the authors investigated the efficacy of tumor (9L gliosarcoma) eradication in Fischer rats by in vitro and in vivo tumor transduction with the IL-2 gene alone or with a combined vector carrying both the HStk and IL-2 genes. Tumors injected with HStk vector-producer cells alone, with or without ganciclovir, and rats inoculated in the brain and subcutaneously with 9L cells that had previously been transduced in vitro served as controls. Murine vector-producer cells (3 × 106/50 µl) were injected into the brain tumors 7 days after tumor inoculation. Ganciclovir (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally twice daily for 10 days to animals that received HStk with or without IL-2 vector-producer cells, starting 5 days after producer-cell injection. The experiment was repeated with continuous daily treatment of all rats with oral dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed 21 days after tumor inoculation, and the brains were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis for IL-2. Within each experimental group, tumors were found in a similar proportion in the dexamethasone-treated and untreated rats. Large brain tumors developed in all 10 rats that had been inoculated with 9L cells which had been pretransduced in vitro with the IL-2 gene, whereas only three of eight rats receiving subcutaneous inoculation of similar cells developed palpable tumors. No enhancement of tumor eradication was observed by adding the IL-2 gene in the HStk vector construct compared to the use of the vector with HStk alone. Lymphocytic infiltration was absent in all dexamethasone-treated rats but was observed in all treatment groups not receiving steroids. The degree of lymphocytic infiltration was not enhanced by intratumoral injection of IL-2 or IL-2/HStk vector-producer cells. The findings suggest a limited role, if any, for immune enhancement by transduction with IL-2 to eradicate brain tumors, either used alone or in combination with HStk.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

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