Cinematographical Methods to Assess Associated Movements in Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie Hsu ◽  
Steve Bardfield ◽  
Bryant J. Cratty ◽  
Alan Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Plane ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Joint Range

This pilot study was conducted to test the usefulness of angle-angle diagrams and phase plane plots obtained through high-speed cinematographical methods for making graded assessments of associated movements in children. Kinematic data at the shoulder, elbow, and ankle joints of normal and motorically awkward children (5-7 years old) were obtained from digitized films of normal and heel walking trials on a motor driven treadmill. A computer program was developed to smooth, calculate, differentiate, and plot data. Angle-angle diagrams depicting simultaneous joint angular displacements of (a) shoulder versus ankle and (b) elbow versus ankle revealed graded differences in decoupling of joint motion, limb excursions, and joint range-of-motion changes between the 5-year-old, 7-year-old awkward, and 7-year-old normal subject. Phase planes of the shoulder, elbow, and ankle joint were obtained by plotting joint angular displacement against joint angular velocity. Differences in size, shape, and looping behavior showed the quantity of change and whether the changes were gradual or sudden. This noninvasive methodology and eventual standardization of angle-angle diagrams and phase planes could prove to be useful in providing more precise diagnoses of associated movements and other subtle movement disorders.

scholarly journals Modeling the Stance Leg in Two-Dimensional Analyses of Sprinting: Inclusion of the MTP Joint Affects Joint Kinetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Bezodis ◽  
Aki I.T. Salo ◽  
Grant Trewartha
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Joint Range

Two-dimensional analyses of sprint kinetics are commonly undertaken but often ignore the metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joint and model the foot as a single segment. The aim of this study was to quantify the role of the MTP joint in the early acceleration phase of a sprint and to investigate the effect of ignoring the MTP joint on the calculated joint kinetics at the other stance leg joints. High-speed video and force platform data were collected from four to five trials for each of three international athletes. Resultant joint moments, powers, and net work at the stance leg joints during the first stance phase after block clearance were calculated using three different foot models. Considerable MTP joint range of motion (>30°) and a peak net MTP plantar flexor moment of magnitude similar to the knee joint were observed, thus highlighting the need to include this joint for a more complete picture of the lower limb energetics during early acceleration. Inclusion of the MTP joint had minimal effect on the calculated joint moments, but some of the calculated joint power and work values were significantly (P < .05) and meaningfully affected, particularly at the ankle. The choice of foot model is therefore an important consideration when investigating specific aspects of sprinting technique.

scholarly journals Isolating the Energetic and Mechanical Consequences of Imposed Reductions in Ankle and Knee Flexion during Gait.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily McCain ◽  
Theresa Libera ◽  
Matthew Berno ◽  
Gregory Sawicki ◽  
Katherine Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ankle Function ◽  
Joint Range

Abstract Background: Weakness of ankle and knee musculature following injury or disorder results in reduced joint motion associated with metabolically expensive gait compensations to enable limb support and advancement. However, neuromechanical coupling between the ankle and knee make it difficult to discern independent roles of these restrictions in joint motion on compensatory mechanics and metabolic penalties.Methods: We sought to determine relative impacts of ankle and knee impairment on compensatory gait strategies and energetic outcomes using an unimpaired cohort (N=15) with imposed unilateral joint range of motion restrictions as a surrogate for reduced motion resulting from gait pathology. Participants walked on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill at 0.8 m s-1 using a 3D printed ankle stay and a knee brace to systematically limit ankle motion (restricted-ank), knee motion (restricted-knee), and ankle and knee motion (restricted-a+k) simultaneously. In addition, participants walked without any ankle or knee bracing (control) and with knee bracing worn but unrestricted (braced).Results: When ankle motion was restricted (restricted-ank, restricted-a+k) we observed decreased peak propulsion relative to the braced condition on the restricted limb. Reduced knee motion (restricted-knee, restricted-a+k) increased restricted limb circumduction relative to the restricted-ank condition through ipsilateral hip hiking. Interestingly, restricted limb average positive hip power increased in the restricted-ank condition but decreased in the restricted-a+k and restricted-knee conditions, suggesting that locking the knee impeded hip compensation. As expected, reduced ankle motion, either without (restricted-ank) or in addition to knee restriction (restricted-a+k) yielded significant increase in net metabolic rate when compared with the braced condition. Furthermore, the relative increase in metabolic cost was significantly larger with restricted-a+k when compared to restricted-knee condition.Conclusions: Our methods allowed for the reproduction of asymmetric gait characteristics including reduced propulsive symmetry and increased circumduction. The metabolic consequences bolster the potential energetic benefit of targeting ankle function during rehabilitation.

Is self-massage an effective joint range-of-motion strategy? A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estêvão Rios Monteiro ◽  
Mark Tyler Cavanaugh ◽  
David Michael Frost ◽  
Jefferson da Silva Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Motion Strategy

Biomechanical Analysis of the Musculoskeletal System of Human Foot by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Hyeon Chang Choi
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

In this study we presented kinematic and kinetic data of foot joints by using passive elastic characteristics of joints during gait. During the calculation process we used approximate equations and partial plantar pressures. The maximum angular displacements of each tarsometatarsal joint ranged from 4o to 7o and the maximum moments were from 200N⋅cm to 1500N⋅cm. It was relatively wide distribution. Foot kinematic data calculated from the approximated equations, which were represented by the correlation between moment and angular displacement, and the data from motion analysis were very similar. We found that the movements of foot joints were mainly decided by the passive characteristics of the joints when ground reaction force acts. The kinematic and kinetic analysis using approximated equations which is presented in this study can be usefully applied to describing the movements of foot joints during gait.

Measurement of finger joint motion after flexor tendon repair: smartphone photography compared with traditional goniometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342199106
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ai Xian Zhang ◽  
Si Jia Qian ◽  
Yu Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Altman Analysis ◽  
Flexor Tendon Repair ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Joint Range

The purpose of our study was to determine whether smartphone photography is as reliable and valid as clinical goniometry for measuring interphalangeal joint range of motion. We conducted a retrospective review of 37 fingers in 33 patients after flexor tendon repair. The measurements on photographs taken with a smartphone by a surgeon were compared with manual measurements with goniometry by the same surgeon. Pearson coefficients and interclass correlation coefficients were all above 0.85, and Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated that at least 35 of 37 measurements were within the 95% confidence interval in all variables. According to the Tang criteria, the total number of excellent and good results were equivalent according to both methods. There was high interobserver reliability between measurements by surgeons and a therapist. We conclude that if the pictures are properly taken, the measurement of the angles in the smartphone pictures are as reliable as measuring the angles with goniometry and that grading of the results according to the two methods gives identical results.

The static performance of the high-speed aerostatic spindles with modified discharge coefficients

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542091206
Author(s):  
Laiyun Song ◽  
Kai Cheng ◽  
Hui Ding ◽  
Shijin Chen ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Gas Bearings ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
The One ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Aerostatic Spindle

With the demand of the larger cutting forces and the more precise prediction of the performance of the spindle, the angular stiffness of the ultra-high-speed spindle should be taken into consideration. In this article, a 5-degree-of-freedom model of the aerostatic spindle is established by considering the one set of the thrust bearing and journal bearing together with the modified discharge coefficients in high-speed condition. Furthermore, static characteristics including angular stiffness of the high-speed aerostatic spindle are obtained in terms of different angular displacements and different operational parameters. The angular displacement effects are revealed and the optimum air film thickness for both thrust gas bearings and journal gas bearings is given for ultra-high aerostatic spindle design.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity of Equine Joint Range of Motion Measurement: A Novel Digital Goniometer versus Universal Goniometer

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2436
Author(s):  
Anna Bergh ◽  
Nicole Gandre Lauridsen ◽  
Amie Lamoreaux Hesbach
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Joint Range

Goniometry is the measurement of joint angles with a conventional universal goniometer (UG) or a digital goniometer (DG). The UG is validated for use in dogs and cats. However, it demands both of the user’s hands when measuring. To avoid this, a novel type of DG has been developed, simplifying measurement by offering single-hand usage. The objective of this study is to examine the concurrent validity of the DG. The study consists of measurement with the DG and UG for flexion of the carpus and fetlock on ten horses, and with the DG in flexion and neutral positioning of the fetlock on a sedated horse and corresponding radiographs, intra- and inter-tester reliability and a survey on user-friendliness. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with a significance of p < 0.05. The study showed significant differences in range of motion for the carpus and fetlock joint, a 2–3° difference comparing measurements on a sedated horse with corresponding radiographs, a “fair” to “excellent” inter-tester reliability and a “fair” to “almost perfect” intra-tester reliability, and the DG was easier to use than the UG. In conclusion, the novel DG may serve as a simple tool for measuring joint motion in equine rehabilitation patients.

scholarly journals Isolating the energetic and mechanical consequences of imposed reductions in ankle and knee flexion during gait

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M. McCain ◽  
Theresa L. Libera ◽  
Matthew E. Berno ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Katherine R. Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ankle Function ◽  
Joint Range

Abstract Background Weakness of ankle and knee musculature following injury or disorder results in reduced joint motion associated with metabolically expensive gait compensations to enable limb support and advancement. However, neuromechanical coupling between the ankle and knee make it difficult to discern independent roles of these restrictions in joint motion on compensatory mechanics and metabolic penalties. Methods We sought to determine relative impacts of ankle and knee impairment on compensatory gait strategies and energetic outcomes using an unimpaired cohort (N = 15) with imposed unilateral joint range of motion restrictions as a surrogate for reduced motion resulting from gait pathology. Participants walked on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill at 0.8 m s−1 using a 3D printed ankle stay and a knee brace to systematically limit ankle motion (restricted-ank), knee motion (restricted-knee), and ankle and knee motion (restricted-a + k) simultaneously. In addition, participants walked without any ankle or knee bracing (control) and with knee bracing worn but unrestricted (braced). Results When ankle motion was restricted (restricted-ank, restricted-a + k) we observed decreased peak propulsion relative to the braced condition on the restricted limb. Reduced knee motion (restricted-knee, restricted-a + k) increased restricted limb circumduction relative to the restricted-ank condition through ipsilateral hip hiking. Interestingly, restricted limb average positive hip power increased in the restricted-ank condition but decreased in the restricted-a + k and restricted-knee conditions, suggesting that locking the knee impeded hip compensation. As expected, reduced ankle motion, either without (restricted-ank) or in addition to knee restriction (restricted-a + k) yielded significant increase in net metabolic rate when compared with the braced condition. Furthermore, the relative increase in metabolic cost was significantly larger with restricted-a + k when compared to restricted-knee condition. Conclusions Our methods allowed for the reproduction of asymmetric gait characteristics including reduced propulsive symmetry and increased circumduction. The metabolic consequences bolster the potential energetic benefit of targeting ankle function during rehabilitation. Trial registration N/A.

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