Biomechanical Analysis of the Musculoskeletal System of Human Foot by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Hyeon Chang Choi
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

In this study we presented kinematic and kinetic data of foot joints by using passive elastic characteristics of joints during gait. During the calculation process we used approximate equations and partial plantar pressures. The maximum angular displacements of each tarsometatarsal joint ranged from 4o to 7o and the maximum moments were from 200N⋅cm to 1500N⋅cm. It was relatively wide distribution. Foot kinematic data calculated from the approximated equations, which were represented by the correlation between moment and angular displacement, and the data from motion analysis were very similar. We found that the movements of foot joints were mainly decided by the passive characteristics of the joints when ground reaction force acts. The kinematic and kinetic analysis using approximated equations which is presented in this study can be usefully applied to describing the movements of foot joints during gait.

Approximation of the Kinematics of Foot Joints by Using Passive Elastic Characteristics of Joint

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim ◽  
Won Hak Cho
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

We investigated the relationship between kinematic and kinetic characteristics of foot joints resisting ground reaction force (GRF). Passive elastic characteristics of joint were obtained from the experiment using three cameras and one force plate. The relationship between joint angle and moment was mathematically modeled by using least square method. The calculated ranges of motion were 7o for TM joint, 4o for TT joint and 20o for MP joint. With the model that relates joint angle and plantar pressure, we could get the kinematic data of the joints which are not available from conventional motion analysis. The model can be used not only for biomechanical analysis which simulates gait but also for the clinical evaluations.

Cinematographical Methods to Assess Associated Movements in Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmie Hsu ◽  
Steve Bardfield ◽  
Bryant J. Cratty ◽  
Alan Garfinkel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Plane ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Joint Range

This pilot study was conducted to test the usefulness of angle-angle diagrams and phase plane plots obtained through high-speed cinematographical methods for making graded assessments of associated movements in children. Kinematic data at the shoulder, elbow, and ankle joints of normal and motorically awkward children (5-7 years old) were obtained from digitized films of normal and heel walking trials on a motor driven treadmill. A computer program was developed to smooth, calculate, differentiate, and plot data. Angle-angle diagrams depicting simultaneous joint angular displacements of (a) shoulder versus ankle and (b) elbow versus ankle revealed graded differences in decoupling of joint motion, limb excursions, and joint range-of-motion changes between the 5-year-old, 7-year-old awkward, and 7-year-old normal subject. Phase planes of the shoulder, elbow, and ankle joint were obtained by plotting joint angular displacement against joint angular velocity. Differences in size, shape, and looping behavior showed the quantity of change and whether the changes were gradual or sudden. This noninvasive methodology and eventual standardization of angle-angle diagrams and phase planes could prove to be useful in providing more precise diagnoses of associated movements and other subtle movement disorders.

Computer-Graphics Based Analysis of Human Foot Kinematics during the Gait

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Hyeon Ki Choi ◽  
Si Yeol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Foot Joints

A computer-graphics based biomechanical model was constructed to investigate the kinematics of foot joints during the stance-phase of walking. In the model, all joints were assumed to act as monocentric, single degree of freedom hinge joints. To obtain the inputs to the model, the motion of foot segments was captured during the gait by a four-camera video system. The model fitted in an individual subject was simulated with these motion data. The ranges of motion of the first tarsometatarsal joint and the first metatarsophanlangeal joint were 8 ∼13 and -13 ∼ 48 respectively. The kinematic data of joints were similar to those of the previous studies. Our method based on the graphical computer model is considered useful for kinematic analysis of small joints including foot joints. Also, the results of this study will provide important information to the biomechanical studies which deal with human gait.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Playing Surfaces on the Biomechanics of a Tennis Running Forehand Foot Plant

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria H. Stiles ◽  
Sharon J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Impact Forces

Research suggests that heightened impacts, altered joint movement patterns, and changes in friction coefficient from the use of artificial surfaces in sport increase the prevalence of overuse injuries. The purposes of this study were to (a) develop procedures to assess a tennis-specific movement, (b) characterize the ground reaction force (GRF) impact phases of the movement, and (c) assess human response during impact with changes in common playing surfaces. In relation to the third purpose it was hypothesized that surfaces with greatest mechanical cushioning would yield lower impact forces (PkFz) and rates of loading. Six shod volunteers performed 8 running forehand trials on each surface condition: baseline, carpet, acrylic, and artificial turf. Force plate (960 Hz) and kinematic data (120 Hz) were collected simultaneously for each trial. Running forehand foot plants are typically characterized by 3 peaks in vertical GRF prior to a foot-off peak. Group mean PkFz was significantly lower and peak braking force was significantly higher on the baseline surface compared with the other three test surfaces (p < 0.05). No significant changes in initial kinematics were found to explain unexpected PkFz results. The baseline surface yielded a significantly higher coefficient of friction compared with the other three test surfaces (p < 0.05). While the hypothesis is rejected, biomechanical analysis has revealed changes in surface type with regard to GRF variables.

Control of processing at multi-tool two-support setup

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
N.D. YUsubov ◽  
G.M. Abbasova
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Displacement Control ◽  
Model Accuracy ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
And Control

The accuracy of two-tool machining on automatic lathes is analyzed. Full-factor models of distortions and scattering fields of the performed dimensions, taking into account the flexibility of the technological system on six degrees of freedom, i. e. angular displacements in the technological system, were used in the research. Possibilities of design and control of two-tool adjustment are considered. Keywords turning processing, cutting mode, two-tool setup, full-factor model, accuracy, angular displacement, control, calculation [email protected]

scholarly journals Biomechanical Design Application on the Effect of Different Occlusion Conditions on Dental Implants with Different Positions—A Finite Element Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5826
Author(s):  
Pei-Ju Lin ◽  
Kuo-Chih Su
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Group Function ◽  
Implant System ◽  
The Impact

A dental implant is currently the most commonly used treatment for patients with lost teeth. There is no biomechanical reference available to study the effect of different occlusion conditions on dental implants with different positions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a biomechanical analysis of the impact of four common occlusion conditions on the different positions of dental implants using the finite element method. We built a finite element model that included the entire mandible and implanted seven dental implant fixtures. We also applied external force to the position of muscles on the mandible of the superficial masseter, deep masseter, medial pterygoid, anterior temporalis, middle temporalis, and posterior temporalis to simulate the four clenching tasks, namely the incisal clench (INC), intercuspal position (ICP), right unilateral molar clench (RMOL), and right group function (RGF). The main indicators measured in this study were the reaction force on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the fixed top end of the abutment in the dental implant system, and the stress on the mandible and dental implant systems. The results of the study showed that under the occlusion conditions of RMOL, the dental implant system (113.99 MPa) and the entire mandible (46.036 MPa) experienced significantly higher stress, and the reaction force on the fixed-top end of the abutment in the dental implant system (261.09 N) were also stronger. Under the occlusion of ICP, there was a greater reaction force (365.8 N) on the temporomandibular joint. In addition, it was found that the reaction force on the posterior region (26.968 N to 261.09 N) was not necessarily greater than that on the anterior region (28.819 N to 70.431 N). This information can help clinicians and dental implant researchers understand the impact of different chewing forces on the dental implant system at different positions after the implantation.

scholarly journals Kinematics of Usain Bolt’s maximal sprint velocity

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Čoh ◽  
Kim Hébert-Losier ◽  
Stanko Štuhec ◽  
Vesna Babić ◽  
Matej Supej
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Sprint Velocity

This study investigated the maximal sprint velocity kinematics of the fastest 100 m sprinter, Usain Bolt. Two high-speed video cameras recorded kinematics from 60 to 90 m during the men 100 m final at the IAAF World Challenge Zagreb 2011, Croatia. Despite a relatively slow reaction time (194 ms), Bolt won in 9.85 s (mean velocity: 10.15 m/s). His fastest 20-m section velocity was 12.14 m/s, reached between 70 and 90 m, by 2.70-m long strides and 4.36 strides/s frequency. At the maximal velocity, his contact and flight times were 86 and 145 ms, respectively, and vertical ground reaction force generated equalled 4.2 times his body weight (3932 N). The braking and propulsion phase represented 37% and 63% of ground contact, respectively, with his centre of mass (CoM) exhibiting minor reductions in horizontal velocity (2.7%) and minimal vertical displacement (4.9 cm). Emerged Bolt’s maximal sprint velocity and international predominance from coordinated motor abilities, power generation capacities, and effective technique. This study confirms that his maximal velocity was achieved by means of relatively long strides, minimal braking phase, high vertical ground reaction force, and minimal vertical displacement of CoM. This study is the first in-depth biomechanical analysis of Bolt’s maximal sprinting velocity with the segmental reconstruction.

scholarly journals BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF HYPERPRONATION ON MULTIDIRECTIONAL ANKLE ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT AND STIFFNESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (09) ◽  
pp. 2040012
Author(s):  
GEON KIM ◽  
JIHEE JUNG ◽  
YOUNGJOO CHA ◽  
JOSHUA (SUNG) H. YOU
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Neutral Group ◽  
Stiffness Reduction ◽  
Ankle Stiffness ◽  
Foot Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Angular Displacements

Hyperpronation of the foot is believed to contribute to ankle hypermobility and associated stiffness reduction, but the underlying biomechanical mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimsed to investigate multidirectional ankle displacement and associated stiffness when a posterior–anterior impact force was applied to the posterior knee compartment. Forty healthy adults with and without foot hyperpronation were recruited. A three-dimensional motion capture system and force plates were used to acquire angular displacement and ankle joint moment data. The independent [Formula: see text]-test and Mann–Whitney [Formula: see text] test were used to compare the group differences in ankle angular displacement, moment, and stiffness. Spearman’s rho test was performed to determine the relationship between ankle angular displacement and stiffness. The hyperpronation group demonstrated significantly greater sagittal ([Formula: see text]) and frontal plane ([Formula: see text]) angular displacements and reduced sagittal plane ankle stiffness ([Formula: see text]) than the neutral group. The Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a close inverse relationship between the ankle angular displacement and stiffness, ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The biomechanical data in our study suggest that individuals with foot hyperpronation present with multidirectional hypermobility and a reduction in ankle stiffness. These factors contribute to an increased risk of ankle-foot injury in individuals with foot hyperpronation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document