Fluid-Electrolyte Balance Associated with Tennis Match Play in a Hot Environment

Twenty (12 male and 8 female) tennis players from two Division I university tennis teams performed three days of round-robin tournament play (i.e., two singles tennis matches followed by one doubles match per day) in a hot environment (32.2 ±and 53.9 ± 2.4% rh at 1200 hr), so that fluid-electrolyte balance could be evaluated. During singles play, body weight percentage changes were minimal and were similar for males and females (males -1.3 ± 0.8%, females -0.7 ± 0.8%). Estimated daily losses (mmol ·) of sweat sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) (males,158.7,31.3; females,86.5,18.9) were met by the players' daily dietary intakes (mmol ·) of these electrolytes (males,279.1 ± 109.4,173.5 ± 57.7; females,178.9 ± 68.9,116.1 ± 37.5). Daily plasma volume and electrolyte (Na+,) levels were generally conserved, although, plasma [Na+] was lower (p< .05) on the morning of Day 4. This study indicated that these athletes generally maintained overall fluid-electrolyte balance, in response to playing multiple tennis matches on 3 successive days in a hot environment, without the occurrence of heat illness.

Download Full-text

Consecutive Days of Prolonged Tennis Match Play: Performance, Physical, and Perceptual Responses in Trained Players

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0329 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 913-920 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Danielle T. Gescheit ◽

Stuart J. Cormack ◽

Machar Reid ◽

Rob Duffield

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Perceptual Training ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Playing Time ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Tennis Match

Purpose:To determine how consecutive days of prolonged tennis match play affect performance, physiological, and perceptual responses.Methods:Seven well-trained male tennis players completed 4-h tennis matches on 4 consecutive days. Pre- and postmatch measures involved tennis-specific (serve speed and accuracy), physical (20-m sprint, countermovement jump [CMJ], shoulder-rotation maximal voluntary contraction, isometric midthigh pull), perceptual (Training Distress Scale, soreness), and physiological (creatine kinase [CK]) responses. Activity profile was assessed by heart rate, 3D load (accumulated accelerations measured by triaxial accelerometers), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Statistical analysis compared within- and between-days values. Changes (± 90% confidence interval [CI]) ≥75% likely to exceed the smallest important effect size (0.2) were considered practically important.Results:3D load reduced on days 2 to 4 (mean effect size ± 90% CI –1.46 ± 0.40) and effective playing time reduced on days 3 to 4 (–0.37 ± 0.51) compared with day 1. RPE did not differ and total points played only declined on day 3 (–0.38 ± 1.02). Postmatch 20-m sprint (0.79 ± 0.77) and prematch CMJ (–0.43 ± 0.27) performance declined on days 2 to 4 compared with prematch day 1. Although serve velocity was maintained, compromised postmatch serve accuracy was evident compared with prematch day 1 (0.52 ± 0.58). CK increased each day, as did ratings of muscle soreness and fatigue.Conclusions:Players reduced external physical loads, through declines in movement, over 4 consecutive days of prolonged competitive tennis. This may be affected by tactical changes and pacing strategies. Alongside this, impairments in sprinting and jumping ability, perceptual and biochemical markers of muscle damage, and reduced mood states may be a function of neuromuscular and perceptual fatigue.

Download Full-text

Heat Cramps during Tennis: A Case Report

International Journal of Sport Nutrition ◽

10.1123/ijsn.6.1.62 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 62-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Michael F. Bergeron

Keyword(s):

Sweat Rate ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Blood Chemistry ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Match Play ◽

Daily Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Record ◽

And Training ◽

Sweat Sodium ◽

Tennis Match

A 17-year-old, nationally ranked, male tennis player (AH) had been experiencing heat cramps during tennis match play. His medical history and previous physical exams were unremarkable, and his in-office blood chemistry profiles were normal. On-court evaluation and an analysis of a 3-day dietary record revealed that AH's sweat rate was extensive (2.5 L · hr−1) and that his potential daily on-court sweat sodium losses (89.8 mmol · hr of play') could readily exceed his average daily intake of sodium (87.0-174.0 mmol · day−1). The combined effects of excessive and repeated fluid and sodium losses likely predisposed AH to heat cramps during play. AH was ultimately able to eliminate heat cramps during competition and training by increasing his daily dietary intake of sodium.

Download Full-text

Fluid Balance and Sodium Losses During Indoor Tennis Match Play

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.21.6.492 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 492-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Matthew J.E. Lott ◽

Stuart D.R. Galloway

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fluid Balance ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Sweat Rate ◽

Fluid Replacement ◽

Whole Body ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Match

This study assessed fluid balance, sodium losses, and effort intensity during indoor tennis match play (17 ± 2 °C, 42% ± 9% relative humidity) over a mean match duration of 68.1 ± 12.8 min in 16 male tennis players. Ad libitum fluid intake was recorded throughout the match. Sweat loss from change in nude body mass; sweat electrolyte content from patches applied to the forearm, calf, and thigh, and back of each player; and electrolyte balance derived from sweat, urine, and daily food-intake analysis were measured. Effort intensity was assessed from on-court heart rate compared with data obtained during a maximal treadmill test. Sweat rate (M ± SD) was 1.1 ± 0.4 L/hr, and fluid-ingestion rate was 1.0 ± 0.6 L/hr (replacing 93% ± 47% of fluid lost), resulting in only a small mean loss in body mass of 0.15% ± 0.74%. Large interindividual variabilities in sweat rate (range 0.3–2.0 L/hr) and fluid intake (range 0.31–2.52 L/hr) were noted. Whole-body sweat sodium concentration was 38 ± 12 mmol/L, and total sodium losses during match play were 1.1 ± 0.4 g (range 0.5–1.8 g). Daily sodium intake was 2.8 ± 1.1 g. Indoor match play largely consisted of low-intensity exercise below ventilatory threshold (mean match heart rate was 138 ± 24 beats/min). This study shows that in moderate indoor temperature conditions players ingest sufficient fluid to replace sweat losses. However, the wide range in data obtained highlights the need for individualized fluid-replacement guidance.

Download Full-text

The acute effect of match-play on hip range of motion and isometric strength in elite tennis players

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7940 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7940 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victor Moreno-Pérez ◽

Fabio Yuzo Nakamura ◽

Violeta Sánchez-Migallón ◽

Raul Domínguez ◽

Valentín Emilio Fernández-Elías ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Hip Range Of Motion ◽

Tennis Match

Background Groin injuries are some of the most common injuries tennis players suffer. Several factors (e.g., post-match decrease in hip adductor (ADD) strength) have been proposed as possible mechanisms for increasing the incidence of this type of injury. However, the risk factors of developing groin injuries after a tennis match have not yet been delineated. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tennis match-play on isometric ADD and abductor (ABD) strength and passive hip range of motion (ROM). Methods Twenty-six male tennis players (20.30 ± 4.98 years) took part in this study. Participants completed an evaluation of strength and flexibility hip measurements before and after a simulated tennis match. Dominant and non-dominant passive hip ROM, ADD and ABD isometric strength, and the ADD/ABD strength ratio were measured before and immediately post-match. A global positioning system (GPS) and a session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were used to assess the locomotive demands and internal match load. Results Isometric dominant ADD strength (17.8%, p ≤ 0.01) and ADD/ABD strength ratio (11.6%, p = 0.04) were lower post-match compared to the pre-match values. No between-limbs differences were observed for isometric ADD strength, ABD strength, and passive hip ROM tests. RPE showed an expected increase between pre- vs. post-match (pre- vs. post-warming-up, 3.42 ± 2.08 vs. 5.62 ± 2.29, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant relationship between ADD strength and the volume of tennis practice per week was found, stablishing that tennis players with lower volume of training per week suffered a reduction in ADD strength in their dominant limb after match-play (r = 0.420, p = 0.04). Conclusion The assessment of ADD strength and the ADD/ABD strength ratio in the dominant limb may be considered a post-match tool that can be used to identify players who require rest and additional recovery strategies before competing again.

Download Full-text

Wheelchair Tennis Match-Play Demands: Effect of Player Rank and Result

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.8.1.28 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 28-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Paul Sindall ◽

John P. Lenton ◽

Keith Tolfrey ◽

Rory A. Cooper ◽

Michelle Oyster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Logger ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Main Effect ◽

Low Performance ◽

Playing Time ◽

Open Class ◽

Main Effects ◽

Practical Recommendations ◽

Tennis Match

Purpose:To examine the heart-rate (HR) response and court-movement variables during wheelchair tennis match play for high- (HIGH) and low- (LOW) performance-ranked players. Analysis of physiological and movement-based responses during match play offers an insight into the demands of tennis, allowing practical recommendations to be made.Methods:Fourteen male open-class players were monitored during tournament match play. A data logger was used to record distance and speed. HR was recorded during match play.Results:Significant rank-by-result interactions revealed that HIGH winners covered more forward distance than HIGH losers (P < .05) and had higher average (P < .05) and minimum (P < .01) HRs than LOW winners. LOW losers had higher average (P < .01) and minimum (P < .001) HRs than LOW winners. Independent of result, a significant main effect for rank was identified for maximum (P < .001) and average (P < .001) speed and total (P < .001), reverse (P < .001), and forward-to-reverse (P < .001) distance, with higher values for HIGH. Independent of rank, losing players experienced higher minimum HRs (P < .05). Main effects for maximum HR and actual playing time were not significant. Average playing time was 52.0 (9.1) min.Conclusions:These data suggest that independent of rank, tennis players were active for sufficient time to confer health-enhancing effects. While the relative playing intensity is similar, HIGH players push faster and farther than LOW players. HIGH players are therefore more capable of responding to ball movement and the challenges of competitive match play. Adjustments to the sport may be required to encourage skill developmental in LOW players, who move at significantly lower speeds and cover less distance.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECTS OF DIVISION - I COLLEGIATE TENNIS MATCH PLAY ON FORCE PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES IN WOMEN

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199905001-00752 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S171

Author(s):

S. W. Etzweiler ◽

P. A. Piorkowski ◽

J. A. Bush ◽

C. C. Loebel ◽

S. A. Mazzetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Force Production ◽

Division I ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Match

Download Full-text

Alterations in mechanical muscle characteristics and postural control induced by tennis match-play in young players

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11445

Author(s):

Joshua Colomar ◽

Francisco Corbi ◽

Ernest Baiget

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Surface Area ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Match Play ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Displacement Speed ◽

The Right ◽

The Impact ◽

Tennis Match

Background Central and peripheric fatigue indicators are among the main reasons for performance decline following competition. Because of the impact of these factors on performance, how these variables are affected by match-play could be of interest, especially in young tennis players. Objective This study aimed to investigate alterations induced by a simulated tennis match on postural control and muscle characteristics in young tennis players. Method Seventeen male junior players took part in pre- and post-competition testing sessions performing postural control (displacement, speed and surface area of center of pressures) and muscle characteristics measurements (tone, stiffness, time to relaxation and elasticity). Between trials, participants played an 80-min simulated tennis match. Results No significant differences were observed in any of the tested variables. Moderate-to-large effect sizes (ES) for decreased stiffness and tone and greater time to relaxation were found between pre- and post-conditions in the right rectus abdominis (−9.8%, −4.4% and 7.8%; ES = 0.8, 0.54 and −0.85). Also, a decrease in tone was found in the right vastus medialis (−7.1%; ES = 0.56), while surface area of the center of pressures with eyes open showed trends towards increasing in post-match measurements (55.9%; ES = 0.56). Conclusion An 80-min simulated tennis match seems insufficient to elicit significant changes in postural control and mechanical muscle characteristics. Results suggest that physiological responses triggered by match-play were closer to those seen after a moderate activity than those present following a strenuous task.

Download Full-text