The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Hoon ◽  
Nathan A. Johnson ◽  
Phillip G. Chapman ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

The purpose of this review was to examine the effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance by systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled human studies. A search of four electronic databases and cross-referencing found 17 studies investigating the effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise performance that met the inclusion criteria. Beetroot juice and sodium nitrate were the most common supplements, with doses ranging from 300 to 600 mg nitrate and prescribed in a manner ranging from a single bolus to 15 days of regular ingestion. Pooled analysis showed a significant moderate benefit (ES = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.23–1.35) of nitrate supplementation on performance for time to exhaustion tests (p = .006). There was a small but insignificant beneficial effect on performance for time trials (ES = 0.11, 95% CI: –0.16–0.37) and graded exercise tests (ES = 0.26, 95% CI: –0.10–0.62). Qualitative analysis suggested that performance benefits are more often observed in inactive to recreationally active individuals and when a chronic loading of nitrate over several days is undertaken. Overall, these results suggest that nitrate supplementation is associated with a moderate improvement in constant load time to exhaustion tasks. Despite not reaching statistical significance, the small positive effect on time trial or graded exercise performance may be meaningful in an elite sport context. More data are required to clarify the effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance and to elucidate the optimal way to implement supplementation.

scholarly journals Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah M. A. d’Unienville ◽  
Henry T. Blake ◽  
Alison M. Coates ◽  
Alison M. Hill ◽  
Maximillian J. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Nitric Oxide Bioavailability

Abstract Background Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability may induce physiological effects that enhance endurance exercise performance. This review sought to evaluate the performance effects of consuming foods containing compounds that may promote nitric oxide bioavailability. Methods Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, EMBASE and SportDiscus were searched, with included studies assessing endurance performance following consumption of foods containing nitrate, L-arginine, L-citrulline or polyphenols. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted, with subgroup analyses performed based on food sources, sex, fitness, performance test type and supplementation protocol (e.g. duration). Results One hundred and eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, which encompassed 59 polyphenol studies, 56 nitrate studies and three L-citrulline studies. No effect on exercise performance following consumption of foods rich in L-citrulline was identified (SMD=-0.03, p=0.24). Trivial but significant benefits were demonstrated for consumption of nitrate and polyphenol-rich foods (SMD=0.15 and 0.17, respectively, p<0.001), including performance in time-trial, time-to-exhaustion and intermittent-type tests, and following both acute and multiple-day supplementation, but no effect of nitrate or polyphenol consumption was found in females. Among nitrate-rich foods, beneficial effects were seen for beetroot, but not red spinach or Swiss chard and rhubarb. For polyphenol-rich foods, benefits were found for grape, (nitrate-depleted) beetroot, French maritime pine, Montmorency cherry and pomegranate, while no significant effects were evident for New Zealand blackcurrant, cocoa, ginseng, green tea or raisins. Considerable heterogeneity between polyphenol studies may reflect food-specific effects or differences in study designs and subject characteristics. Well-trained males (V̇O2max ≥65 ml.kg.min-1) exhibited small, significant benefits following polyphenol, but not nitrate consumption. Conclusion Foods rich in polyphenols and nitrate provide trivial benefits for endurance exercise performance, although these effects may be food dependent. Highly trained endurance athletes do not appear to benefit from consuming nitrate-rich foods but may benefit from polyphenol consumption. Further research into food sources, dosage and supplementation duration to optimise the ergogenic response to polyphenol consumption is warranted. Further studies should evaluate whether differential sex-based responses to nitrate and polyphenol consumption are attributable to physiological differences or sample size limitations. Other The review protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/u7nsj) and no funding was provided.

scholarly journals Outcomes of coronavirus 2019 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232199886
Author(s):  
Yi-Chih Lin ◽  
Tai-Shuan Lai ◽  
Shuei-Liong Lin ◽  
Yung-Ming Chen ◽  
Tzong-Shinn Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains limited. To understand the influence of COVID-19 infection in patients with pre-existing CKD, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and compare the risks of all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and critical progression between patients with and without CKD. Methods: We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective observational, case-control, cross-sectional, and case-series studies analyzing outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with pre-existing CKD from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases published on the Internet before 16 July 2020. Results: A total of 27 studies comprising 77,856 patients with COVID-19 infection was identified; 3922 patients with pre-existing CKD were assigned CKD group, and 73,934 patients were assigned to the non-CKD group. The pooled analysis showed that patients with CKD had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and hospitalization than those without CKD [odds ratio (OR) 2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91–2.66, p < 0.001; OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.93–6.28, p < 0.001; respectively]. Patients with CKD had a higher risk of critically ill conditions than those without CKD in the pooled analysis of studies with multivariable adjustment (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 0.95–4.77, p = 0.07) and in the analysis of all included studies (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.71–2.26, p = 0.41), but both analyses did not attain statistical significance. Conclusion: COVID-19 infected patients with CKD had significantly increased risks of all-cause mortality and hospitalization compared with those without CKD.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet on Aerobic Capacity and Exercise Performance in Endurance Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Jingguo Cao ◽  
Siman Lei ◽  
Xiuqiang Wang ◽  
Sulin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been proposed to enhance the fat utilization of muscle and the aerobic capacity of endurance athletes, thereby improving their exercise performance. However, it remains uncertain how the macronutrient intake shift from carbohydrate to fat affects endurance exercise training and performance. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate, high-fat (K-LCHF) diet on aerobic capacity and exercise performance among endurance athletes. Searches were carried out in five electronic databases, and we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search included studies using an LCHF diet as an intervention protocol and compared data on factors such as maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) from the graded exercise test. In this case, 10 studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. We did not find a significant effect of K-LCHF diet interventions on VO2max, time to exhaustion, HRmax or RPE. However, a significant overall effect in the substrate oxidation response to respiratory exchange rate was observed. The meta-analysis showed that K-LCHF diets did not affect aerobic capacity and exercise performance. Therefore, high-quality interventions of a K-LCHF diet are needed to illustrate its effect on various endurance training programs.

scholarly journals Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Physical Performance in Aerobic–Anaerobic Transition Zones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2490
Author(s):  
Álvaro Huerta Ojeda ◽  
Camila Tapia Cerda ◽  
María Fernanda Poblete Salvatierra ◽  
Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes ◽  
Carlos Jorquera Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Meta Analyses

Beta-alanine supplementation (BA) has a positive impact on physical performance. However, evidence showing a benefit of this amino acid in aerobic–anaerobic transition zones is scarce and the results controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the effects of BA supplementation on physical performance in aerobic–anaerobic transition zones. At the same time, the effect of different dosages and durations of BA supplementation were identified. The search was designed in accordance with the PRISMA® guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and performed in Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2010 and 2020. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The main variables were the Time Trial Test (TTT) and Time to Exhaustion (TTE) tests, the latter separated into the Limited Time Test (LTT) and Limited Distance Test (LDT). The analysis was carried out with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) through Hedges’ g test (95% CI). Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, revealing a small effect for time in the TTT (SMD, −0.36; 95% CI, −0.87–0.16; I2 = 59%; p = 0.010), a small effect for LTT (SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, −0.01–0.51; I2 = 0%; p = 0.53), and a large effect for LDT (SMD, 4.27; 95% CI, −0.25–8.79; I2 = 94%; p = 0.00001). BA supplementation showed small effects on physical performance in aerobic–anaerobic transition zones. Evidence on acute supplementation is scarce (one study); therefore, exploration of acute supplementation with different dosages and formats on physical performance in aerobic–anaerobic transition zones is needed.

scholarly journals Nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Riley Regimbal ◽  
Jonathon Senefeld ◽  
Chad Wiggins ◽  
Paolo Dominelli ◽  
Sarah Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

A systematic review and meta-analysis on endovascular treatment as an attractive alternative for acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812199127
Author(s):  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Enci Wang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Surgery Group

Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the published data on the efficacy and safety of therapies for superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT), aiming to provide a reference and set of recommendations for clinical treatment. Methods Relevant databases were searched for studies published from 2000 to June 2020 on SMVT treated with conservative treatment, surgical treatment, or endovascular approach. Different treatment types were grouped for analysis and comparison, and odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The outcomes were pooled using meta-analytic methods and presented by forest plots. Results Eighteen articles, including eight on SMVT patients treated with endovascular therapies, were enrolled. The treatment effectiveness was compared between different groups according to the change of symptoms, the occurrence of complications, and mortality as well. The conservative treatment group had better efficacy compared to the surgery group (89.0% vs. 78.6%, P <0.05), and the one-year survival rate was also higher (94.4% vs. 80.0%, P >0.05), but without statistical significance. As for endovascular treatment, the effectiveness was significantly higher than the surgery group (94.8% vs. 75.2%, P <0.05), and the conservative treatment group as well (93.3% vs. 86.3%, P >0.05), which still requires further research for the lack of statistical significance. Conclusions Present findings indicate that anticoagulation, as conservative treatment should be the preferred clinical option in the clinic for SMVT, due to its better curative effect compared to other treatment options, including lower mortality, fewer complications, and better prognosis. Moreover, endovascular treatment is a feasible and promising approach that is worth in-depth research, for it is less invasive than surgery and has relatively better effectiveness, thus can provide an alternative option for SMVT treatment and may be considered as a reliable method in clinical.

scholarly journals Prevalence of potential respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 147997312110022
Author(s):  
Kevin Cares-Marambio ◽  
Yessenia Montenegro-Jiménez ◽  
Rodrigo Torres-Castro ◽  
Roberto Vera-Uribe ◽  
Yolanda Torralba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Persistent Symptoms

Knowledge on the sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains limited due to the relatively recent onset of this pathology. However, the literature on other types of coronavirus infections prior to COVID-19 reports that patients may experience persistent symptoms after discharge. To determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in survivors of hospital admission after COVID-19 infection. A living systematic review of five databases was performed in order to identify studies which reported the persistence of respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients after discharge. Two independent researchers reviewed and analysed the available literature, and then extracted and assessed the quality of those articles. Of the 1,154 reports returned by the initial search nine articles were found, in which 1,816 patients were included in the data synthesis. In the pooled analysis, we found a prevalence of 0.52 (CI 0.38–0.66, p < 0.01, I 2 = 97%), 0.37 (CI 0.28–0.48, p < 0.01, I 2 = 93%), 0.16 (CI 0.10–0.23, p < 0.01, I 2 = 90%) and 0.14 (CI 0.06–0.24, p < 0.01, I 2 = 96%) for fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, and cough, respectively. Fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, and cough were the most prevalent respiratory symptoms found in 52%, 37%, 16% and 14% of patients between 3 weeks and 3 months, after discharge in survivors of hospital admission by COVID-19, respectively.

scholarly journals P124 Are chronic pain syndromes associated with a unique cytokine profile? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Furtado O'Mahony ◽  
Arnav Srivastava ◽  
Puja Mehta ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

Abstract Background/Aims  The aetiology of primary chronic pain syndromes (CPS) is highly disputed. One theory suggests that pain is due to a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu leading to nociceptive activation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess differences in cytokines levels in CPS patients versus healthy controls (HC). Methods  Human studies published in English from PubMed, MEDLINE/Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched from inception up to January 2020. We included full text cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with cytokine measurements in CPS patients and HC. We excluded studies with underlying organic pathology. Quality assessment was completed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to report pooled effects and 95% CIs. Study registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020193774). Results  Initial search yielded 324 papers, 36 studies (3229 participants) eligible for systematic review and 26 studies (2048 participants) suitable for metaanalysis. There were reproducible findings supporting trends of cytokine levels comparing CPS patients with HC. Eotaxin (chemokine) however was consistently raised in CPS. Meta-analysis showed significantly increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (SMD=0.39, p = 0.0009, %95I=0.16-0.63, p &lt; 0.001; I2=70%, Q2 p &lt; 0.001), interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD=0.15, 8 (SMD=0.26, p = 0.01, 95%CI =0.05-0.47; I2=61%, Q2 p = 0.005) and IL-10 (SMD=0.61; %95 = 0.34-0.89, p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 10%, Q2 p = 0.34) in CPS compared to HC. Conclusion  We found significant differences in peripheral blood cytokine profiles of CPS patients compared to HC. However, the distinctive profile associated with CPS includes both pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in pooled analysis, as well as chemokine (eotaxin) signatures. Disclosure  L. Furtado O'Mahony: None. A. Srivastava: None. P. Mehta: None. C. Ciurtin: None.

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