Effects of Caffeine on Repetitions to Failure and Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Training

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matt Green ◽  
P. Jason Wickwire ◽  
John R. McLester ◽  
Shawn Gendle ◽  
Geoffrey Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergogenic Effects

Context:Ergogenic effects of caffeine on aerobic or endurance exercise are well documented. Conversely, the ergogenic value of caffeine on high-intensity, primarily anaerobic performance is not well understood even though the proposed mechanisms of action for caffeine permit a strong theoretical basis for application to this type of exercise.Purpose:This study examined effects of caffeine (Ca) on number repetitions (reps), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and peak heart rate (PHR) during resistance-training exercise with reps performed to volitional failure.Methods:Subjects (N = 17) were tested for 10-rep maximum in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP). In sessions 2 and 3, Ca (~6 mg/kg) or placebo (Pl) was ingested 1 hr beforehand in a double-blind manner and counterbalanced order. Subjects performed 3 sets to failure (BP and LP) with reps, PHR, and RPE recorded each set. Repeated-measures ANOVAs, 2 (trial) × 3 (set), were used to analyze dependent measures with the Tukey honestly significant difference used when necessary as the post hoc test.Results:In BP, no significant differences (Ca vs Pl) were observed (reps, RPE, PHR). During set 3 of LP training, Ca was associated with significantly higher reps (12.5 ± 4.2 vs 9.9 ± 2.6) and PHR (158.5 ± 11.9 vs 151.8 ± 13.2). No signifcant RPE differences were found during LP.Conclusions:The findings of similar RPE concurrent with higher reps suggest that caffeine can blunt pain responses, possibly delaying fatigue in high-intensity resistance training. Ergogenic effects might be limited to the later sets in a resistance-training session. Further research is warranted regarding ergogenic effects of caffeine during resistance training and potential mechanisms of action.

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing improves resistance training session performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S Decimoni ◽  
Victor M Curty ◽  
Livia Almeida ◽  
Alexander J Koch ◽  
Jeffrey M Willardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on resistance exercise performance. Fifteen recreationally trained women (age 26 ± 4 y; height 1.61.9 ± 5.1 m; weight 59.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed two resistance exercise bouts consisting of three sets of five exercises (half-squat, leg press, bench press, military press, and seated row) to volitional fatigue with a 10 repetition-maximum load. Immediately prior to and during the middle of each exercise bout, subjects mouth rinsed for 10 s with 100 mL of either a 6% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or an artificially flavored solution (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Heart rate and perceived exertion were compared between conditions using a 2 (conditions) × 15 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA. Significant main effects were further analyzed using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Total volume (exercises * sets * repetitions * load) between sessions was compared with a Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 level of confidence. The CHO resulted in more repetitions performed during half-squat, bench press, military press, and seated row, for a significantly greater (∼12%) total volume load lifted versus PLA ( p = 0.039, ES: 0.49). Rating of perceived exertion was also significantly lower in the CHO versus PLA ( p = 0.020, ES: 0.28). These data indicate that CHO mouth rinsing can enhance high-volume resistance exercise performance and lower ratings of perceived exertion.

Failure of Glycine-Arginine-α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Improve High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Cyclists

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Beis ◽  
Yaser Mohammad ◽  
Chris Easton ◽  
Yannis P. Pitsiladis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Trials

Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. After at least 2 familiarization trials, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed 2 supramaximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50-s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Subjects ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC or placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min before the 2 experimental trials, administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (M ± SD; Pl 1,332 ± 307 W, GAKIC 1,367 ± 342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 1,091 ± 229 W, GAKIC 1,061 ± 272 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl 892 ± 151 W, GAKIC 892 ± 153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 766 ± 120 W, GAKIC 752 ± 138 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .96). The fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (p = .99). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (p = .11 and p = .83, respectively). In contrast to previous studies in untrained individuals, these results suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals.

scholarly journals The Dose-Effects of Caffeine on Lower Body Maximal Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Strength-Trained Females

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Louise Jones ◽  
Iona Johnstone ◽  
Charlotte Day ◽  
Sasha Le Marquer ◽  
Andrew T. Hulton
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

Caffeine supplementation has shown to be an effective ergogenic aid enhancing athletic performance, although limited research within female populations exists. Therefore, the aim of the investigation was to assess the effect of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on strength performance and muscular endurance in strength-trained females. In a double-blind, randomised, counterbalanced design, fourteen strength-trained females using hormonal contraception consumed either 3 or 6 mg·kg−1 BM of caffeine or placebo (PLA). Following supplementation, participants performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and repetitions to failure (RF) at 60% of their 1RM. During the RF test, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded every five repetitions and total volume (TV) lifted was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that RF (p = 0.010) and TV (p = 0.012) attained significance, with pairwise comparisons indicating a significant difference between 3 mg·kg−1 BM and placebo for RF (p = 0.014), with an effect size of 0.56, and for 6 mg·kg−1 BM (p = 0.036) compared to the placebo, with an effect size of 0.65. No further significance was observed for 1RM or for RPE, and no difference was observed between caffeine trials. Although no impact on lower body muscular strength was observed, doses of 3 and 6 mg·kg−1 BM of caffeine improved lower body muscular endurance in resistance-trained females, which may have a practical application for enhancing resistance training stimuli and improving competitive performance.

scholarly journals Use of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Monitoring Resistance Exercise in Children Who Are Overweight or Obese

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Abdulaziz Al Dayel ◽  
David Tod ◽  
Carl Foster ◽  
Robert U. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resistance Exercises ◽  
Single Set

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the OMNI Resistance Exercise scale (OMNI-RES) for monitoring the intensity of different modes of resistance training in children who are overweight or obese. Sixty-one children (mean age = 9.7 ± 1.4 years) performed three resistance training sessions every week for 4 weeks. Each session consisted of three sets of 3–15 repetitions of eight different resistance exercises. OMNI-RES RPE measures (0–10) were obtained following each set and following the end of the exercise session. There was a significant difference between average RPE (1.68 ± 0.61) and Session RPE (3.10 ± 1.18) during the 4 weeks of training (p < .05). There was no significant change in session RPE over the 4 weeks of training. The correlation coefficient between average and session RPE values was significant (r = .88, p < .05). The findings of the current study indicate that the RPE values are higher when OMNI-RES measures are obtained following the whole training session than when obtained following every single set of exercise. This suggests that in children the session RPE provides different information to the average RPE across the entire session.

Caffeine Supplementation and Reactive Agility in Elite Youth Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley Jordan ◽  
Ajit Korgaokar ◽  
Richard S. Farley ◽  
John M. Coons ◽  
Jennifer L. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reactive Agility

This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg−1) on performance of a reactive agility test (RAT) in 17 elite, male, youth (M = 14 y) soccer players. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, players completed 4 days of testing on the RAT after a standardized warm-up. On day 1, anthropometric measurements were taken and players were accommodated to the RAT. On day 2, baseline performance was established. Caffeine or placebo conditions were randomly assigned on day 3 and the condition was reversed on day 4. Players completed 3 randomized trials of the RAT on days 2, 3, and 4 with at least 1 trial to the players’ dominant and nondominant sides. There were no significant differences among conditions in reaction time (RT) to the dominant side, heart rates at any point of measurement, or ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) after completion of the warm-up. Caffeine produced faster RT to the nondominant side (P = .041) and higher RPE at the conclusion of the RAT (P = .013). The effect on the total time (TT) to complete the agility test to the nondominant side approached significance (P = .051). Sprint time and TT to either side did not differ. Caffeine supplementation may provide ergogenic benefit to elite, male, youth soccer players.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Low- and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise by Young Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Lagally ◽  
Kara I. Gallagher ◽  
Robert J. Robertson ◽  
Randall Gearhart ◽  
Fredric L. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Trials

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are commonly used to monitor the intensity of aerobic exercise. Whether ratings of perceived exertion can be used similarly during resistance exercise is unclear. To examine this question, perceived exertion was measured at 30% and 90% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM), while holding work constant between intensities. Ratings for the active muscles and for the overall body were examined during both intensities. 10 male (age = 23.2 ± 3.6 yr.) and nine female (age = 21.8 ± 2.7 yr.) volunteers underwent a one-repetition maximum procedure for each of the following exercises; bench press, leg press, latissimus pull down, triceps press, biceps curl, shoulder press, and calf raise. All subjects then completed two experimental trials on separate days. The high-intensity trial consisted of one set of five repetitions at 90% of the one-repetition maximum. The low-intensity trial consisted of one set of 15 repetitions at 30% of the one-repetition maximum. Active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion were obtained immediately at termination of each of the seven exercises at both intensities. A two-factor (RPE x Intensity) repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed separately for each exercise. Both active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion were higher ( p<.01) for the high-intensity trial than for the low intensity trial. Active muscle ratings were higher ( p<.01) than overall body ratings for all exercises. Ratings of perceived exertion during resistance exercise are related to intensity of the resistance exercise (percentage of the one-repetition maximum). This information suggests that ratings of perceived exertion can provide information regarding the intensity of resistance exercise. Furthermore, sensations of exertion in the active muscles during resistance exercise are greater than sensations for the overall body.

scholarly journals O efeito do treinamento combinado sobre a percepção subjetiva do esforço e sensação de prazer/desprazer em mulheres obesas

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragami Chaves Alves ◽  
Lucio Follador ◽  
Sandro Dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Sergio Gregorio da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Training Exercises

Self-selected intensities during walking and resistances training by obese subjects are below recommended guidelines to improve health-related outcomes. From this perspective, there is the possibility of combining both aerobic and resistance training in a single exercise session with the purpose of increasing training volume and optimizing physiological adaptations, while preserving positive affective responses. Until now, no study has assessed ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and sensations of pleasure/displeasure (SPD) during a combined training session in obese women. The present study aimed to: (1) assess RPE and SPD during a combined training session in obese women; and (2) compare RPE and SPD responses during different resistance training exercises. Twelve sedentary obese women (age: 39.2 ±11.1 years; height: 160.4 ± 5.9 cm; body mass: 87.4 ± 5.8 kg; BMI: 33.6 ±1.2 kg.m-2) performed a combined aerobic and resistance training session. RPE and SPD were recorded during the session. Data were analyzed with One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. The results revealed that, despite the increase in exercise volume, RPE responses were low and affective responses were positive. There were no significant differences in RPE and SPD values among resistance exercises. Combined aerobic and resistance training can be prescribed during the initial phase of a training program because it produces low perceived exertion and positive affective responses.

The Effect of Caffeine on Repeat-High-Intensity-Effort Performance in Rugby League Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Wellington ◽  
Michael D. Leveritt ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Trials

Context:Repeat-high-intensity efforts (RHIEs) have recently been shown to occur at critical periods of rugby league matches.Purpose:To examine the effect that caffeine has on RHIE performance in rugby league players.Methods:Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 semiprofessional rugby league players (age 19.0 ± 0.5 y, body mass 87.4 ± 12.9 kg, height 178.9 ± 2.6 cm) completed 2 experimental trials that involved completing an RHIE test after either caffeine (300 mg caffeine) or placebo (vitamin H) ingestion. Each trial consisted of 3 sets of 20-m sprints interspersed with bouts of tackling. During the RHIE test, 20-m-sprint time, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were measured.Results:Total time to complete the nine 20-m sprints during the caffeine condition was 1.0% faster (28.46 ± 1.4 s) than during the placebo condition (28.77 ± 1.7 s) (ES = 0.18, 90%CI –0.7 to 0.1 s). This resulted in a very likely chance of caffeine being of benefit to RHIE performance (99% likely to be beneficial). These improvements were more pronounced in the early stages of the test, with a 1.3%, 1.0%, and 0.9% improvement in sprint performance during sets 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There was no significant difference in RPE across the 3 sets (P = .47, 0.48, 1.00) or mean HR (P = .36), maximal HR (P = .74), or blood lactate (P = .50) between treatment conditions.Conclusions:Preexercise ingestion of 300 mg caffeine produced practically meaningful improvements in RHIE performance in rugby league players.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Two Doses of a Coffeeberry Extract on Mental Energy-Related Feelings and Cycling Performance After Cognitive and Physical Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1294-1294
Author(s):  
Melissa McGranahan ◽  
Ryan Nuccio ◽  
Ellen Mitchell ◽  
Matthew Pahnke ◽  
Patrick O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind

Abstract Objectives To assess the acute effects of two doses of coffeeberry extract use on (i) mental energy-related feelings (primary outcome) and (ii) cycling performance (secondary outcome). Methods Twenty-eight active adults (14 females & 14 males: mean age = 20.6 ± 1.0 & 21.8 ± 3.8 years; VO2peak = 38.6 ± 5.2 & 44.7 ± 6.9 ml.kg.min−1) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Treatments were a base beverage supplemented with a coffeeberry® extract (VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc.) at doses of 100 mg (CB100) and 300 mg (CB300). The base beverage alone was the placebo (PL) and the positive control was the base beverage with 75 mg caffeine (CAF). Participants consumed one of the four beverages during visits separated by at least five days. Before (BL) and one hour post-treatment, a battery of five cognitive tests and visual analog scales assessing the mood states of alertness, energy and fatigue were completed, taking 55-minutes. Two hours post-treatment, a 20-minute high intensity interval cycling protocol was performed followed by a 3-minute time trial; heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and feelings of fatigue were measured. Bonferroni corrected t-tests tested differences in cycling performance (P &lt; .001). Repeated measures ANOVAs tested for other treatment effects. Mean differences from BL are presented below. Results There was a significant Beverage x Time interaction for alertness (P = .008), energy (P = .009), and fatigue (P = .008). Post-hoc analysis indicated from BL to POST CAF significantly improved alertness (PL: –2.2 ± 15.3; CB100: –.3 ± 11.2; CB300: 1.0 ± 11.7; CAF: 9.1 ± 12.5); energy (PL: –9.4 ± 54.7; CB100: –5.6 ± 36.4; CB300: 1.9 ± 35.9; CAF: 26.2 ± 40.8), and fatigue (PL: 11.8 ± 52.6; CB100: 6.5 ± 41.0; CB300: –.9 ± 43.9; CAF: –26.8 ± 42.9). Conclusions Consumption of a beverage with 100 mg or 300 mg coffeeberry extract one hour before a cognitive test or two hours before a high intensity exercise bout does not influence feelings of alertness, energy, and fatigue or cycling performance. Consumption of a beverage with 75 mg caffeine had no impact on cycling performance but improved feelings of alertness, energy, and fatigue. Funding Sources PepsiCo R&D. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc.

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