scholarly journals The Dose-Effects of Caffeine on Lower Body Maximal Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Strength-Trained Females

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Louise Jones ◽  
Iona Johnstone ◽  
Charlotte Day ◽  
Sasha Le Marquer ◽  
Andrew T. Hulton
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference

Caffeine supplementation has shown to be an effective ergogenic aid enhancing athletic performance, although limited research within female populations exists. Therefore, the aim of the investigation was to assess the effect of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on strength performance and muscular endurance in strength-trained females. In a double-blind, randomised, counterbalanced design, fourteen strength-trained females using hormonal contraception consumed either 3 or 6 mg·kg−1 BM of caffeine or placebo (PLA). Following supplementation, participants performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and repetitions to failure (RF) at 60% of their 1RM. During the RF test, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded every five repetitions and total volume (TV) lifted was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that RF (p = 0.010) and TV (p = 0.012) attained significance, with pairwise comparisons indicating a significant difference between 3 mg·kg−1 BM and placebo for RF (p = 0.014), with an effect size of 0.56, and for 6 mg·kg−1 BM (p = 0.036) compared to the placebo, with an effect size of 0.65. No further significance was observed for 1RM or for RPE, and no difference was observed between caffeine trials. Although no impact on lower body muscular strength was observed, doses of 3 and 6 mg·kg−1 BM of caffeine improved lower body muscular endurance in resistance-trained females, which may have a practical application for enhancing resistance training stimuli and improving competitive performance.

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing improves resistance training session performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S Decimoni ◽  
Victor M Curty ◽  
Livia Almeida ◽  
Alexander J Koch ◽  
Jeffrey M Willardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

We investigated the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on resistance exercise performance. Fifteen recreationally trained women (age 26 ± 4 y; height 1.61.9 ± 5.1 m; weight 59.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed two resistance exercise bouts consisting of three sets of five exercises (half-squat, leg press, bench press, military press, and seated row) to volitional fatigue with a 10 repetition-maximum load. Immediately prior to and during the middle of each exercise bout, subjects mouth rinsed for 10 s with 100 mL of either a 6% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or an artificially flavored solution (PLA) in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Heart rate and perceived exertion were compared between conditions using a 2 (conditions) × 15 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA. Significant main effects were further analyzed using pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Total volume (exercises * sets * repetitions * load) between sessions was compared with a Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 level of confidence. The CHO resulted in more repetitions performed during half-squat, bench press, military press, and seated row, for a significantly greater (∼12%) total volume load lifted versus PLA ( p = 0.039, ES: 0.49). Rating of perceived exertion was also significantly lower in the CHO versus PLA ( p = 0.020, ES: 0.28). These data indicate that CHO mouth rinsing can enhance high-volume resistance exercise performance and lower ratings of perceived exertion.

Effect of ENDUROX™ on Metabolic Responses to Submaximal Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Cheuvront ◽  
Robert J. Moffatt ◽  
Kyle D. Biggerstaff ◽  
Shawn Bearden ◽  
Paul McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Glycerol ◽  
Male Subjects

Claims that ENDUROX™ enhances performance by altering metabolic responses to exercise were tested. In a double-blind crossover design, 10 male subjects were randomly assigned to consume 400 mg of placebo or 800 mg ENDUROX™ for 7 days. Cycle ergometry was performed for 30 minutes at 25%, followed by 10 min at 65% of peak oxygen consumption. After a 1-week washout period, subjects performed the identical exercise protocol following 7 days of reciprocal supplemental conditions. Expired gases were collected and analyzed continuously for oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio. Heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate, and serum glycerol data were also collected at regular intervals. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant main or interaction effects involving group differences (p > 0.05) between trials for any variable during rest, 25% or 65% (VO2 peak), or recovery. Our findings do not support the ergogenic claims for ENDUROX™.

Effect of Various Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Fluids on Cycling Performance and Maximal Voluntary Contraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
Jennifer F. Klau ◽  
Elaine C. Lee ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a carbohydrate-electrolyte plus caffeine, carnitine, taurine, and B vitamins solution (CE+) and a carbohydrate-electrolyte-only solution (CE) vs. a placebo solution (PLA) on cycling performance and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, repeated-measures design, 14 male cyclists (M ± SD age 27 ± 6 yr, VO2max 60.4 ± 6.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1) cycled for 120 min submaximally (alternating 61% ± 5% and 75% ± 5% VO2max) and then completed a 15-min performance trial (PT). Participants ingested CE+, CE, or PLA before (6 ml/kg) and every 15 min during exercise (3 ml/kg). MVC was measured as a single-leg isometric extension (70° knee flexion) before (pre) and after (post) exercise. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured throughout. Total work accumulated (KJ) during PT was greater (p < .05) in CE+ (233 ± 34) than PLA (205 ± 52) but not in CE (225 ± 39) vs. PLA. MVC (N) declined (p < .001) from pre to post in PLA (988 ± 213 to 851 ± 191) and CE (970 ± 172 to 870 ± 163) but not in CE+ (953 ± 171 to 904 ± 208). At Minutes 60, 90, 105, and 120 RPE was lower in CE+ (14 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 12 ± 1, 15 ± 2) than in PLA (14 ± 2, 15 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 16 ± 2; p < .001). CE+ resulted in greater total work than PLA. CE+, but not PLA or CE, attenuated pre-to-post MVC declines. Performance increases during CE+ may have been influenced by lower RPE and greater preservation of leg strength during exercise in part as a result of the hypothesized effects of CE+ on the central nervous system and skeletal muscle.

Rpe Responses during Arm and Leg Exercises: Effect of Variations in Spontaneously Chosen Crank Rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Marais ◽  
Murielle Garcin ◽  
Ludovic Dupont ◽  
Jacques Vanvelcenaher ◽  
Patrick Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Upper Body Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Power Output ◽  
Initial Work

The aim of this study was two-fold. First, the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was compared between two different upper and lower body exercises. Subjects ( n =12) performed with spontaneously chosen crank or pedal rates: (i) incremental maximum power tests (Test 1), with an initial work rate of 50% of maximal power followed by increases of 10% at each 120-sec. work stage and (ii) tests (Test 2) with exercise bouts set at 20, 40, 60, and 80% of maximal power separated by passive recovery periods. Second, the effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate on RPE was analysed using the second test performed only with upper body. Subjects performed Test 2 three times with crank rates spontaneously chosen by the subjects, set at plus or minus 20% of spontaneously chosen crank rate. During both Tests 1 and 2 for upper or lower body, RPE increased linearly ( p<.01) with power output. No significant difference was noticed between upper and lower body tests; however, RPE was significantly different ( p<.05) between Test 1 results for upper and lower body at 70, 80, 90, and 100% of maximal power. The greater RPE at high power output could be linked to the important effect of fatigue during upper body exercise. Among the three crank-rate conditions, no significant difference in RPE was noticed. The choice of crank rate does not seem to influence the perception of exertion in upper body cycling exercise.

Physiological Responses, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Stride Characteristics During Walking on Dry Land and Walking in Water, Both With and Without a Water Current

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Masumoto ◽  
Ayako Hamada ◽  
Hiro-omi Tomonaga ◽  
Kana Kodama ◽  
Noboru Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Current

Context:Walking in water has been included in rehabilitation programs. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the influence of a water current on physiological responses, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride characteristics of subjects while they walk in water.Objective:To compare physiological responses, RPE, and stride characteristics of subjects walking in water (with and without a current) with those of subjects walking on dry land.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:7 male adults (mean age = 21.6 y).Intervention:Subjects walked on a treadmill on dry land and on an underwater treadmill immersed to the level of the xiphoid process. The walking speeds in water were set to be half of that on dry land.Main Outcome Measures:Oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), RPE (for breathing and legs, RPE-Br and RPE-Legs, respectively), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, and stride frequency (SF) were measured. In addition, stride length (SL) was calculated.Results:There was no significant difference in the VO2, RER, HR, VE, RPE-Br, and RPE-Legs while walking in water with a current compared with walking on dry land (P > .05). Furthermore, VO2, RER, HR, VE, RPE-Br, RPE-Legs, SF, and SBP while walking in water were significantly higher with a water current than without (P < .05).Conclusions:These observations suggest that half the speed should be required to work at the similar metabolic costs and RPE while walking in water with a current, compared with walking on dry land. Furthermore, it was suggested that the physiological responses and RPE would be higher while walking in water with a current than without.

Effect of beetroot juice supplementation on 10-km performance in recreational runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talitha Fernandes de Castro ◽  
Francisco de Assis Manoel ◽  
Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Diego Hilgemberg Figueiredo ◽  
Fabiana Andrade Machado
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recreational Runners

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on 10-km running performance in recreational runners. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed study, 14 male recreational runners (age, 27.8 ± 3.4 years) performed three 10-km running tests, at baseline and under the conditions of BRJ supplementation and placebo (PLA). Supplementation was administered for 3 days, and on the days of the assessments, the ingestion occurred 2 h before the test and consisted of a dose of 420 mL of BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol inorganic nitrate (NO3−)·day−1) or PLA with depleted NO3− (0.01 mmol NO3−·day−1). The mean velocity (MV) was calculated, and the following variables were determined: maximal heart rate, maximal rating of perceived exertion, blood glucose concentration (analyzed before and after the test), and lactate peak. There was no main effect between conditions regarding 10-km running time performance (BRJ: 50.1 ± 5.3 min; PLA: 51.0 ± 5.1 min; P = 0.391) and total MV (BRJ: 12.1 ± 1.3 km·h−1; PLA: 11.9 ± 1.2 km·h−1; P = 0.321) or in the other analyzed variables. The time to complete the first half of the test (5 km) was statistically lower in the BRJ group than in the PLA group (P = 0.027). In conclusion, chronic supplementation with BRJ increased MV in the first half of the test and improved the final test times of 10 of the 14 runners, although we did not find a statistically significant difference in the performance of the 10-km run.

scholarly journals Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on Blood Lactate and Psychometric Dimensions of Fatigue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Webb ◽  
Christopher Garrett ◽  
Mikaela D. Boham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blind Manner

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on blood lactate (BLa) and psychometric dimensions of fatigue in response to exercise. Methods Twelve recreationally active subjects (age 22.25 ± 2.70 years) performed three (one control and two supplemented) sessions of a 20-minute progressive exercise routine. Subjects completed the control condition during session one, and in the two subsequent sessions, subjects were randomly provided a beverage with either a 0.15g•kg− 1 body weight NaHCO3 or a placebo of 0.30g•kg− 1 body weight calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a double-blind manner. Measurements of BLa, heart rate (HR), state anxiety (SAI), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived mood states (POMS) were measured prior to and during the exercise protocol, and then immediately post-exercise. Results BLa levels were significantly different [F(8,88) = 2.04, p < .05] between the three conditions. Further, BLa [F(4,44) = 41.25, p < .05], HR [F(4,32) = 182.16, p < .05], and RPE [F(4,44) = 140.13, p < .05] increased significantly as exercise progressed, with BLa [F(2,22) = 5.55, p < .05 ] and RPE [F(2,22) = 4.09, p < .05] changing differently between conditions. SAI responses showed no change from to pre-to post-measures, but a significant difference was seen between the conditions [F(2, 22) = 3.84, p = .05], with differences between the placebo and NaHCO3, but not the control. Only the POMS subscale of vigor was different between conditions [F(2, 22) = 7.69, p = .003], while the subscales of tension [F(1, 11) = 6.59, p = .03], anger [F(1, 11) = 9.81, p = .01], and confusion [F(1, 11) = 7.21, p = .02] changed across time. Conclusions Both BLa and RPE were greatest in the control condition compared to the placebo and NaHCO3 conditions, with no differences being seen between the control and NaHCO3 conditions for RPE, and between the placebo and NaHCO3 conditions for BLa. Using either NaHCO3 or CaCO3 appears to provide benefits by blunting BLa production during progressively intensive exercise, but differences in psychometric values suggest that other psychophysiological factors may impact perceptions of effort.

The Effect of Caffeine on Repeat-High-Intensity-Effort Performance in Rugby League Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Wellington ◽  
Michael D. Leveritt ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Trials

Context:Repeat-high-intensity efforts (RHIEs) have recently been shown to occur at critical periods of rugby league matches.Purpose:To examine the effect that caffeine has on RHIE performance in rugby league players.Methods:Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 11 semiprofessional rugby league players (age 19.0 ± 0.5 y, body mass 87.4 ± 12.9 kg, height 178.9 ± 2.6 cm) completed 2 experimental trials that involved completing an RHIE test after either caffeine (300 mg caffeine) or placebo (vitamin H) ingestion. Each trial consisted of 3 sets of 20-m sprints interspersed with bouts of tackling. During the RHIE test, 20-m-sprint time, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate were measured.Results:Total time to complete the nine 20-m sprints during the caffeine condition was 1.0% faster (28.46 ± 1.4 s) than during the placebo condition (28.77 ± 1.7 s) (ES = 0.18, 90%CI –0.7 to 0.1 s). This resulted in a very likely chance of caffeine being of benefit to RHIE performance (99% likely to be beneficial). These improvements were more pronounced in the early stages of the test, with a 1.3%, 1.0%, and 0.9% improvement in sprint performance during sets 1, 2, and 3 respectively. There was no significant difference in RPE across the 3 sets (P = .47, 0.48, 1.00) or mean HR (P = .36), maximal HR (P = .74), or blood lactate (P = .50) between treatment conditions.Conclusions:Preexercise ingestion of 300 mg caffeine produced practically meaningful improvements in RHIE performance in rugby league players.

scholarly journals Influence of half-squat intensity and volume on the subsequent countermovement jump and frequency speed of kick test performance in taekwondo athletes

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatas Ferreira da Silva Santos ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Practice Time

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different postactivation potentiation conditioning activities’ volumes and intensities on countermovement jump and multiple sets of high speed kicks. Nine taekwondo athletes (M±SD; age: 20.3±5.2 years; height: 177±7.2 cm; body mass: 71.8±15.3 kg; maximum dynamic half-squat 1RM: 132.8±32.5 kg and practice time: 9.6±7.2 years) participated. One control and four experimental conditions were randomly applied. Each condition was composed of warm-up, conditioning activity (half-squat: 1x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM or 3x3 at 50 or 90% 1RM), followed by a 10-minute rest interval, a countermovement jump and five sets of Frequency Speed of Kick Test. The conditions were compared using an analysis of variance with repeated measures, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. The alpha level was set at 5%. The significant difference was found in the number of kicks among sets (F3,21;128,36=25.34; p&lt;.001; η2=.388 [small]). The rating of perceived exertion before control condition was higher than in all experimental protocols (F4,32=6.64; p=.001; η2=.454 [small]). There were no effects of volume and intensity on the variables investigated (maximum countermovement jump, mean countermovement jump, kick decrement, impact and rating of perceived exertion). Our results indicate that taekwondo athletes does not improve performance after conditioning activities of different volumes and intensities.

External, Internal, and Perceived Training Loads and Their Relationships in Youth Basketball Players Across Different Positions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Sansone ◽  
Alessandro Ceravolo ◽  
Antonio Tessitore
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Load ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Training Dose ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Impulse Load ◽  
External Impulse

Purpose: To quantify external, internal, and perceived training loads and their relationships in youth basketball players across different playing positions. Methods: Fourteen regional-level youth male players (age: 15.2 [0.3] y) were monitored during team-based training sessions across 10 in-season weeks. The players were monitored with BioHarness-3 devices, to measure external (Impulse Load, in Newtons per second) and internal (summated-heart-rate zones [SHRZ], in arbitrary units [AU]) loads, and with the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE, in AU) method to quantify perceived training load. Multiple linear mixed models were performed to compare training loads between playing positions (backcourt and frontcourt). Repeated-measures correlations were performed to assess the relationships between the load models, for all players and within playing positions. Results: External load (backcourt: 13,599 [2260] N·s; frontcourt: 14,934 [2173] N·s) and sRPE (backcourt: 345 [132] AU; frontcourt: 505 [158] AU) were higher in the frontcourt (P < .05, effect size: moderate), while SHRZ was similar between positions (backcourt: 239 [45] AU; frontcourt: 247 [43] AU) (P > .05; effect size: trivial). The correlations were as follows: large between the external load and SHRZ (r = .57, P < .001), moderate between SHRZ and sRPE (r = .45, P < .001), and small between the external load and sRPE (r = .26, P = .02). The correlation magnitudes were equivalent for external load–SHRZ (large) and SHRZ–sRPE (moderate) across positions, but different for the external load–sRPE correlation (small in backcourt; moderate in frontcourt). Conclusions: In youth basketball, small–large commonalities were found between the training dose (external load) and players’ responses (internal and perceived loads). Practitioners should carefully manage frontcourt players’ training loads because they accumulate greater external and perceived loads than backcourt  players do.

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