Enhancing Physical Performance in Male Volleyball Players with a Caffeine-Containing Energy Drink

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Alberto Pérez-López ◽  
Javier Abian-Vicen ◽  
Juan Jose Salinero ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Placebo Drink

There are no scientific data about the effects of caffeine intake on volleyball performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a caffeine-containing energy drink to enhance physical performance in male volleyball players. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized experimental design was used. In 2 different sessions separated by 1 wk, 15 college volleyball players ingested 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass in the form of an energy drink or the same drink without caffeine (placebo). After 60 min, participants performed volleyball-specific tests: standing spike test, maximal squat jump (SJ), maximal countermovement jump (CMJ), 15-s rebound jump test (15RJ), and agility T-test. Later, a simulated volleyball match was played and recorded. In comparison with the placebo drink, the ingestion of the caffeinated energy drink increased ball velocity in the spike test (73 ± 9 vs 75 ± 10 km/h, P < .05) and the mean jump height in SJ (31.1 ± 4.3 vs 32.7 ± 4.2 cm, P < .05), CMJ (35.9 ± 4.6 vs 37.7 ± 4.4 cm, P < .05), and 15RJ (29.0 ± 4.0 vs 30.5 ± 4.6 cm, P < .05). The time to complete the agility test was significantly reduced with the caffeinated energy drink (10.8 ± 0.7 vs 10.3 ± 0.4 s, P < .05). In addition, players performed successful volleyball actions more frequently (24.6% ± 14.3% vs 34.3% ± 16.5%, P < .05) with the ingestion of the caffeinated energy drink than with the placebo drink during the simulated game. A caffeine-containing energy drink, with a dose equivalent to 3 mg of caffeine per kg body mass, might be an effective ergogenic aid to improve physical performance and accuracy in male volleyball players.

scholarly journals The Effects of an Energy Drink on Psychomotor Vigilance in Trained Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio ◽  
Kenyon ◽  
Horn ◽  
Jiannine ◽  
Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Vigilance Test ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance

The psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) measures one’s behavioral alertness. It is a visual test that involves measuring the speed at which a person reacts to visual stimuli over a fixed time frame (e.g., 5 min). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an energy drink on psychomotor vigilance as well as a simple measure of muscular endurance (i.e., push-ups). A total of 20 exercise-trained men (n = 11) and women (n = 9) (mean SD: age 32 7 years; height 169 10 cm; weight; 74.5 14.5 kg; percent body fat 20.3 6.2%; years of training 14 9; daily caffeine intake 463 510 mg) volunteered for this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. In a randomized counterbalanced order, they consumed either the energy drink (ED) (product: BANG®, Weston Florida) or a similar tasting placebo drink (PL). In the second visit after a 1-week washout period, they consumed the alternate drink. A full 30 minutes post-consumption, they performed the following tests in this order: a 5-minute psychomotor vigilance test, three sets of push-ups, followed once more by a 5-minute psychomotor vigilance test. Reaction time was recorded. For the psychomotor vigilance test, lapses, false starts and efficiency score are also assessed. There were no differences between groups for the number of push-ups that were performed or the number of false starts during the psychomotor vigilance test. However, the ED treatment resulted in a significantly lower (i.e., faster) psychomotor vigilance mean reaction time compared to the PL (p = 0.0220) (ED 473.8 42.0 milliseconds, PL 482.4 54.0 milliseconds). There was a trend for the ED to lower the number of lapses (i.e., reaction time > 500 milliseconds) (p = 0.0608). The acute consumption of a commercially available ED produced a significant improvement in psychomotor vigilance in exercise-trained men and women.

scholarly journals A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a decaffeinated energy drink shows no significant acute effect on mental energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-727
Author(s):  
Alicia Garcia-Alvarez ◽  
Corbin A Cunningham ◽  
Byron Mui ◽  
Lia Penn ◽  
Erin M Spaulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Placebo Drink

ABSTRACT Background “Energy drinks” are heavily marketed to the general public, across the age spectrum. The efficacy of decaffeinated energy drinks in enhancing subjective feelings of energy (s-energy) is controversial. Objective The authors sought to test the efficacy of the caffeine-free version of a popular energy drink compared with a placebo drink. Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 223 healthy men and women aged 18–70 y with intention-to-treat and completers analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to consumption of either the decaffeinated energy drink or a placebo drink on testing day 1, and the other drink a week later. A battery of computer-based mood and cognitive tests to assess s-energy was conducted at baseline and at 0.5, 2.5, and 5 h post-ingestion. The main outcome measures were 1) mood, which was assessed by using a General Status Check Scale and the Profile of Mood States 2nd edition brief form, and 2) cognitive measures, including the N-back task (reaction time and accuracy), Reaction Time test, Flanker task (distraction avoidance), and Rapid Visual Information Processing test. Results No statistically significant or meaningful benefits were observed for any outcome measure, including mood and cognitive measures. Analyses of mean differences, slopes, and median differences were consistent. Conclusions No differences were detected across a range of mood/cognitive/behavioral/s-energy–level tests after consumption of the energy drink compared with a placebo drink in this diverse sample of adults. Thus, we found strong evidence that the energy drink is not efficacious in enhancing s-energy levels, nor any related cognitive or behavioral variables measured. In light of federal regulations, these findings suggest that labeling and marketing of some products which claim to provide these benefits may be unsubstantiated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02727920.

Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance of elite rugby players during a simulated match

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Juan A. Ramírez ◽  
Gloria Muñoz ◽  
Javier Portillo ◽  
Cristina Gonzalez-Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Simulated Match

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a caffeine-containing energy drink in enhancing rugby players' physical performance during a simulated match. A second purpose was to determine the urinary caffeine excretion derived from the energy drink intake. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 26 elite rugby players (mean ± SD for age and body mass, 25 ± 2 y and 93 ± 15 kg) played 2 simulated rugby games (2 × 30 min) 60 min after ingesting (i) 3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body mass in the form of an energy drink (Fure, ProEnergetics) or (ii) the same drink without caffeine (placebo). During the matches, the individual running distance and the instantaneous speed were measured, and the number of running actions above 20 km·h−1 (i.e., sprints) were determined, using global positioning system devices. The number of impacts above 5 g during the matches was determined by accelerometry. The ingestion of the energy drink, compared with the placebo, increased the total distance covered during the match (4749 ± 589 vs 5139 ± 475 m, p < 0.05), the running distance covered at more than 20 km·h−1 (184 ± 38 vs 208 ± 38 m, p < 0.05), and the number of sprints (10 ± 7 vs 12 ± 7, p < 0.05). The ingestion of the energy drink also resulted in a greater overall number of impacts (481 ± 352 vs 641 ± 366, p < 0.05) and a higher postexercise urine caffeine concentration (0.1 ± 0.1 vs 2.4 ± 0.9 μg·mL−1, p < 0.05). The use of an energy drink with a caffeine dose equivalent to 3 mg·kg−1 considerably enhanced the movement patterns of rugby players during a simulated match.

scholarly journals The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract PurposeThe main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine. MethodsTwenty-one healthy resistance-trained female university students (23.0±0.9 years, body mass: 59.0±6.6 kg), with a daily caffeine intake of 5.8±2.6 mg/kg/b.m. participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 3 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-3) and 6 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-6) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants underwent a 1RM test and a strength-endurance test at 50%1RM in the bench press exercise. Maximal load was measured in the 1RM test and the time under tension, number of preformed repetitions, power output and bar velocity were registered in the strength-endurance test. ResultsThe one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of caffeine on 1RM bench press performance (F=14.74; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (40.48±9.21 kg), CAF-3 (41.68±8.98 kg; p=0.01) and CAF-6 (42.98±8.79 kg; p<0.01) increased 1RM bench press test results. There was also a main effect of caffeine on time under tension during the strength-endurance test (F=13.09; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (53.52±11.44 s), CAF-6 (61.76±15.39 s; p<0.01) significantly increased the time under tension during the maximal strength-endurance test. ConclusionAn acute dose of 3-to-6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine improves maximum muscle strength. However, the effect of these doses had minimal ergogenic effect on strength-endurance performance.

Abstract 18257: Cardiovascular Response to Energy Drink Consumption in Healthy Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Svatikova ◽  
Naima Covassin ◽  
Krishen Somers ◽  
Filip Soucek ◽  
Tomas Kara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Placebo Drink

Introduction: An increasing number of healthy adults consume energy drinks to enhance their physical and mental performance. Energy drinks contain caffeine and multiple other “natural” stimulants and their combined effects on cardiac hemodynamics in healthy individuals are unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that drinking a commercially available energy drink, Rockstar , compared to a placebo drink, increases resting blood pressure and heart rate in healthy adults, and these increases would be further accentuated by stress conditions. Methods: We enrolled 25 healthy, normotensive subjects (14 males), aged 29±1 years, with body mass index 24.5±1 kg/m 2 , in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each subject consumed a placebo drink and a commercially available Rockstar energy drink (473 ml), in random order on two separate study days. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were recorded and compared before and 30 minutes after drink consumption, both at rest and then in response to physical, mental and cold stressors. Results: The Rockstar energy drink induced a 6±1% increase in resting systolic blood pressure, compared to 3±1% with the placebo drink (P=0.0078). Diastolic blood pressure increased by 7±1% vs 0±1% with the placebo drink (P=0.0007; Figure 1). Heart rate increased similarly in both groups, by 5±2% in the energy drink group vs. 7±2% in the placebo group. Blood pressure and heart rate increases during the stress stimuli (sustained handgrip, mental stress and cold stress) did not differ between energy drink and placebo. Conclusions: Drinking a commercially available Rockstar energy drink significantly increases resting blood pressure in young healthy adults. Blood pressure increases are not further accentuated by exercise, mental or cold pressor stress stimuli. These hemodynamic changes induced by energy drink consumption could predispose to cardiovascular events.

Enhancing Physical Performance in Elite Junior Tennis Players With a Caffeinated Energy Drink

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Gallo-Salazar ◽  
Francisco Areces ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Gps Devices ◽  
Placebo Drink

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a caffeinated energy drink to enhance physical performance in elite junior tennis players. In 2 different sessions separated by 1 wk, 14 young (16 ± 1 y) elite-level tennis players ingested 3 mg caffeine per kg body mass in the form of an energy drink or the same drink without caffeine (placebo). After 60 min, participants performed a handgrip-strength test, a maximal-velocity serving test, and an 8 × 15-m sprint test and then played a simulated singles match (best of 3 sets). Instantaneous running speed during the matches was assessed using global positioning (GPS) devices. Furthermore, the matches were videotaped and notated afterward. In comparison with the placebo drink, the ingestion of the caffeinated energy drink increased handgrip force by ~4.2% ± 7.2% (P = .03) in both hands, the running pace at high intensity (46.7 ± 28.5 vs 63.3 ± 27.7 m/h, P = .02), and the number of sprints (12.1 ± 1.7 vs 13.2 ± 1.7, P = .05) during the simulated match. There was a tendency for increased maximal running velocity during the sprint test (22.3 ± 2.0 vs 22.9 ± 2.1 km/h, P = .07) and higher percentage of points won on service with the caffeinated energy drink (49.7% ± 9.8% vs 56.4% ± 10.0%, P = .07) in comparison with the placebo drink. The energy drink did not improve ball velocity during the serving test (42.6 ± 4.8 vs 42.7 ± 5.0 m/s, P = .49). The preexercise ingestion of caffeinated energy drinks was effective to enhance some aspects of physical performance of elite junior tennis players.

scholarly journals The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength‐endurance in women habituated to caffeine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Ewelina Lulińska ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract Purpose The main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine. Methods Twenty-one healthy resistance-trained female students (23.0 ± 0.9 years, body mass: 59.0 ± 6.6 kg), with a daily caffeine intake of 5.8 ± 2.6 mg/kg/b.m. participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 3 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-3) and 6 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-6) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants underwent a 1RM test and a strength-endurance test at 50 %1RM in the bench press exercise. Maximal load was measured in the 1RM test and the time under tension, number of preformed repetitions, power output and bar velocity were registered in the strength-endurance test. Results The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of caffeine on 1RM bench press performance (F = 14.74; p < 0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (40.48 ± 9.21 kg), CAF-3 (41.68 ± 8.98 kg; p = 0.01) and CAF-6 (42.98 ± 8.79 kg; p < 0.01) increased 1RM bench press test results. There was also a significant increase in 1RM for CAF-6 when compared to CAF-3 (p < 0.01). There was a main effect of caffeine on time under tension during the strength-endurance test (F = 13.09; p < 0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (53.52 ± 11.44 s), CAF-6 (61.76 ± 15.39 s; p < 0.01) significantly increased the time under tension during the maximal strength-endurance test. Conclusion An acute dose of 3-to-6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine improves maximum strength. However, these doses of caffeine had minimal ergogenic effect on strength-endurance performance in women habituated to caffeine.

Acute Consumption of an Energy Drink Does Not Improve Physical Performance of Female Volleyball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Fernández-Campos ◽  
Ana L. Dengo ◽  
José Moncada-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Volleyball Players

To determine the acute effect of an energy drink (ED) on physical performance of professional female volleyball players. 19 females (age= 22.3 ± 4.9 yr.; height= 171.8 ± 9.4 cm; weight= 65.2 ± 10.1 kg) participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study to measure grip strength, vertical jump and anaerobic power in 3 different sessions (ED, placebo [PL] or no beverage [CTL]). For each session, participants arrived in a fasted state, consumed a standardized breakfast meal, and 1 hr later completed the 3 baseline performance tests without having ingested the beverage. After completing the premeasurements, the athletes drank 6 ml/kg of body weight of the ED or PL and in the CTL condition no beverage was consumed. Posttest measurements were taken 30 min after the ingestion of liquids. A 3 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant within-session and measurement time interactions for each performance test. Regardless of the measurement time, right hand grip strength was significantly higher in the ED condition (34.6 ± 0.9 kg) compared with PL (33.4 ± 1.1 kg) and CTL (33.6 ± 1.0 kg) (p > 0.05). Regardless of the beverage ingested, averaged right hand grip strength, taking into account all 3 testing conditions, increased from pre to posttesting (Pre = 33.8 ± 0.9 kg vs. Post = 33.9 ± 1.0 kg; p = 0.029), as did the averaged fatigue index, obtained from the anaerobic power test (Pre = 65.9± 2.2% vs. Post = 68.7± 2.0%; p= 0.049). The acute ingestion of an ED did not improve physical performance of professional Costa Rican female volleyball players.

scholarly journals International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanci S. Guest ◽  
Trisha A. VanDusseldorp ◽  
Michael T. Nelson ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
International Society ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
List Type ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Chewing Gums

AbstractFollowing critical evaluation of the available literature to date, The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) position regarding caffeine intake is as follows: Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance various aspects of exercise performance in many but not all studies. Small to moderate benefits of caffeine use include, but are not limited to: muscular endurance, movement velocity and muscular strength, sprinting, jumping, and throwing performance, as well as a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic sport-specific actions. Aerobic endurance appears to be the form of exercise with the most consistent moderate-to-large benefits from caffeine use, although the magnitude of its effects differs between individuals. Caffeine has consistently been shown to improve exercise performance when consumed in doses of 3–6 mg/kg body mass. Minimal effective doses of caffeine currently remain unclear but they may be as low as 2 mg/kg body mass. Very high doses of caffeine (e.g. 9 mg/kg) are associated with a high incidence of side-effects and do not seem to be required to elicit an ergogenic effect. The most commonly used timing of caffeine supplementation is 60 min pre-exercise. Optimal timing of caffeine ingestion likely depends on the source of caffeine. For example, as compared to caffeine capsules, caffeine chewing gums may require a shorter waiting time from consumption to the start of the exercise session. Caffeine appears to improve physical performance in both trained and untrained individuals. Inter-individual differences in sport and exercise performance as well as adverse effects on sleep or feelings of anxiety following caffeine ingestion may be attributed to genetic variation associated with caffeine metabolism, and physical and psychological response. Other factors such as habitual caffeine intake also may play a role in between-individual response variation. Caffeine has been shown to be ergogenic for cognitive function, including attention and vigilance, in most individuals. Caffeine may improve cognitive and physical performance in some individuals under conditions of sleep deprivation. The use of caffeine in conjunction with endurance exercise in the heat and at altitude is well supported when dosages range from 3 to 6 mg/kg and 4–6 mg/kg, respectively. Alternative sources of caffeine such as caffeinated chewing gum, mouth rinses, energy gels and chews have been shown to improve performance, primarily in aerobic exercise. Energy drinks and pre-workout supplements containing caffeine have been demonstrated to enhance both anaerobic and aerobic performance.

scholarly journals Dispelling the myth that habitual caffeine consumption influences the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽  
Guilherme Yamaguchi ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Cycling Time

This study investigates the influence of habitual caffeine intake on aerobic exercise-performance responses to acute caffeine supplementation. A double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced study was performed. Forty male endurance-trained cyclists were allocated into tertiles, according to their daily caffeine intake: low (58 ± 29 mg/d), moderate (143 ± 25 mg/d), and high (351 ± 139 mg/d) consumers. Participants completed three trials in which they performed simulated cycling time trials (TTs) in the fastest time possible following ingestion of the following: caffeine (CAF: 6 mg/kg body mass), placebo (PLA), and no supplement (CON). A mixed-model analysis revealed that TT performance was significantly improved in CAF compared with PLA and CON (29.92 ± 2.18 vs. 30.81 ± 2.67 and 31.14 ± 2.71 min, respectively; P = 0.0002). Analysis of covariance revealed no influence of habitual caffeine intake as a covariate on exercise performance ( P = 0.47). TT performance was not significantly different among tertiles ( P = 0.75). No correlation was observed between habitual caffeine intake and absolute changes (CAF − CON) in TT performance with caffeine ( P = 0.524). Individual analysis showed that eight, seven, and five individuals improved above the variation of the test in CAF in the low, moderate, and high tertiles, respectively. A Fisher’s exact test did not show any significant differences in the number of individuals who improved in CAF among the tertiles ( P > 0.05). Blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between trials and tertiles ( P > 0.05). Performance effects of acute caffeine supplementation during an ~30-min cycling TT performance were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption. NEW & NOTEWORTHY There has been a long-standing paradigm that habitual caffeine intake may influence the ergogenicity of caffeine supplementation. Low, moderate, and high caffeine consumers showed similar absolute and relative improvements in cycling time-trial performance following acute supplementation of 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine. Performance effects of acute caffeine were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption, suggesting that high habitual caffeine intake does not negate the benefits of acute caffeine supplementation.

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