scholarly journals The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract PurposeThe main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine. MethodsTwenty-one healthy resistance-trained female university students (23.0±0.9 years, body mass: 59.0±6.6 kg), with a daily caffeine intake of 5.8±2.6 mg/kg/b.m. participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 3 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-3) and 6 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-6) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants underwent a 1RM test and a strength-endurance test at 50%1RM in the bench press exercise. Maximal load was measured in the 1RM test and the time under tension, number of preformed repetitions, power output and bar velocity were registered in the strength-endurance test. ResultsThe one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of caffeine on 1RM bench press performance (F=14.74; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (40.48±9.21 kg), CAF-3 (41.68±8.98 kg; p=0.01) and CAF-6 (42.98±8.79 kg; p<0.01) increased 1RM bench press test results. There was also a main effect of caffeine on time under tension during the strength-endurance test (F=13.09; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (53.52±11.44 s), CAF-6 (61.76±15.39 s; p<0.01) significantly increased the time under tension during the maximal strength-endurance test. ConclusionAn acute dose of 3-to-6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine improves maximum muscle strength. However, the effect of these doses had minimal ergogenic effect on strength-endurance performance.

scholarly journals The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength‐endurance in women habituated to caffeine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Ewelina Lulińska ◽  
James J. Tufano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract Purpose The main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine. Methods Twenty-one healthy resistance-trained female students (23.0 ± 0.9 years, body mass: 59.0 ± 6.6 kg), with a daily caffeine intake of 5.8 ± 2.6 mg/kg/b.m. participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 3 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-3) and 6 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-6) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants underwent a 1RM test and a strength-endurance test at 50 %1RM in the bench press exercise. Maximal load was measured in the 1RM test and the time under tension, number of preformed repetitions, power output and bar velocity were registered in the strength-endurance test. Results The one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of caffeine on 1RM bench press performance (F = 14.74; p < 0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (40.48 ± 9.21 kg), CAF-3 (41.68 ± 8.98 kg; p = 0.01) and CAF-6 (42.98 ± 8.79 kg; p < 0.01) increased 1RM bench press test results. There was also a significant increase in 1RM for CAF-6 when compared to CAF-3 (p < 0.01). There was a main effect of caffeine on time under tension during the strength-endurance test (F = 13.09; p < 0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (53.52 ± 11.44 s), CAF-6 (61.76 ± 15.39 s; p < 0.01) significantly increased the time under tension during the maximal strength-endurance test. Conclusion An acute dose of 3-to-6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine improves maximum strength. However, these doses of caffeine had minimal ergogenic effect on strength-endurance performance in women habituated to caffeine.

scholarly journals The Effects of High Doses of Caffeine on Maximal Strength and Muscular Endurance in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
Juan Del Coso
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Double Blind Design

Background: The main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of the intake of 9 and 11 mg/kg/ body mass (b.m.) of caffeine (CAF) on maximal strength and muscle endurance in athletes habituated to caffeine. Methods: The study included 16 healthy strength-trained male athletes (age = 24.2 ± 4.2 years, body mass = 79.5 ± 8.5 kg, body mass index (BMI) = 24.5 ± 1.9, bench press 1RM = 118.3 ± 14.5 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (4.9 ± 1.1 mg/kg/b.m., 411 ± 136 mg of caffeine per day). This study had a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, where each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 9 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-9) and 11 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-11) of caffeine. In each experimental session, participants underwent a 1RM strength test and a muscle endurance test in the bench press exercise at 50% 1RM while power output and bar velocity were measured in each test. Results: A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference between PLAC, CAF-9, and CAF-11 groups in peak velocity (PV) (p = 0.04). Post-hoc tests showed a significant decrease for PV (p = 0.04) in the CAF-11 compared to the PLAC group. No other changes were found in the 1RM or muscle endurance tests with the ingestion of caffeine. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that high acute doses of CAF (9 and 11 mg/kg/b.m.) did not improve muscle strength nor muscle endurance in athletes habituated to this substance.

scholarly journals Acute Caffeine Intake Enhances Mean Power Output and Bar Velocity during the Bench Press Throw in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wilk ◽  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Mariola Gepfert ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Mean Power Output

Background: The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on power output and bar velocity during an explosive bench press throw in athletes habituated to caffeine. Methods: Twelve resistance trained individuals habituated to caffeine ingestion participated in a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed three identical experimental sessions 60 min after the intake of a placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants performed 5 sets of 2 repetitions of the bench press throw (with a load equivalent to 30% repetition maximum (RM), measured in a familiarization trial) on a Smith machine, while bar velocity and power output were registered with a rotatory encoder. Results: In comparison to the placebo, the intake of caffeine increased mean bar velocity during 5 sets of the bench press throw (1.37 ± 0.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.05 and 1.41 ± 0.06 m/s for placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m., respectively; p < 0.01), as well as mean power output (545 ± 117 vs. 562 ± 118 and 560 ± 107 W; p < 0.01). However, caffeine was not effective at increasing peak velocity (p = 0.09) nor peak power output (p = 0.07) during the explosive exercise. Conclusion: The acute doses of caffeine before resistance exercise may increase mean power output and mean bar velocity during the bench press throw training session in a group of habitual caffeine users. Thus, caffeine prior to ballistic exercises enhances performance during a power-specific resistance training session.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Power Output and Movement Velocity During a Multiple-Set Bench Press Exercise Among Mild Caffeine Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Magdalena Kaszuba ◽  
Katarzyna Leznicka ◽  
Maciej Kostrzewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Acute Dose ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Mean Power Output

Abstract The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an acute dose of caffeine (6 mg/kg body mass (b.m.)) on power output and bar velocity during a bench press multiple-set resistance training session in participants with mild daily caffeine consumption (in the range of 1 to 3 mg/kg/b.m). Thirteen recreationally active male participants (age: 21.9 ± 1.2 years, body mass: 74.4 ± 5.3 kg, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2, bench press onerepetition maximum (1RM): 79.2 ± 14.9 kg), with daily caffeine ingestion of 1.56 ± 0.56 mg/kg/b.m., participated in the study with a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed two identical experimental sessions, 60 min after the intake of a placebo (PLAC) or 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine (CAF-6). In each experimental session, participants performed 5 sets of 5 repetitions of the bench press exercise with a load equivalent to 70% 1RM. The eccentric and concentric phases of the bench press exercise were performed at maximal possible velocity in each repetition. Bar velocity was recorded with a linear position transducer and power output was calculated using velocity and load data. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated no significant substance x set interaction for mean power output (MP), mean bar velocity (MV), peak power output (PP) and peak bar velocity (PV). However, there was a significant main effect of substance on MP (p < 0.01; η2 = 0.47) and MV (p < 0.01; η2 =0.45). Post hoc analysis for main effect revealed that MP and MV values in the CAF-6 group were higher than in the PLAC group in all 5 sets of the exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that an acute dose of caffeine before resistance exercise increased mean power output and mean bar velocity during a multiple-set bench press exercise protocol among mild caffeine users.

scholarly journals Placebo effect of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance in healthy recreationally trained women habituated to caffeine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Mateusz Haltz ◽  
Adam Zajac ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Trial Participants

Abstract Background By using deceptive experimental designs, several investigations have observed that athletes may increase their performance when told they were given caffeine, when in fact they received a placebo (i.e., the placebo effect of caffeine). However, most of these investigations used participants not familiarized to caffeine intake, while habituation to caffeine may affect the placebo effect of caffeine. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the placebo effect of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance performance during the bench press exercise (BP) in healthy recreationally trained women who consume caffeine on a daily basis. Methods Thirteen resistance-trained women (BP 1RM = 40.0 ± 9.7 kg) habituated to caffeine (4.1 ± 1.7 mg/kg/day) completed a deceptive randomized experimental design with two experimental trials. On one occasion, participants were told that they would receive 6 mg/kg of caffeine but received a placebo (PLAC) and in other occasion they did not receive any substance and participants were told that this was a control situation (CONT). In each experimental trial, participants underwent a 1RM BP test and a strength-endurance test consisting of performing the maximal number of repetitions at 50% of their 1RM. Results In comparison to CONT, PLAC did not enhance 1RM (40.0 ± 10.5 vs 41.0 ± 9.5, respectively; p = 0.10), nor the number of repetitions (32.2 ± 5.1 vs 31.8 ± 4.5; p = 0.66) or mean power (130 ± 34 vs 121 ± 26; p = 0.08) in the strength-endurance test. Conclusion The expectancy induced by telling participants they were given caffeine did not modify any performance variable measured in this investigation. Thus, the use of the placebo effect of caffeine seemed an ineffective strategy to enhance muscle strength and strength-endurance during the BP exercise in women habituated to caffeine.

scholarly journals Warm-Up Intensity Does Not Affect the Ergogenic Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate in Adult Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Jones ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bryan Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Blind Trials

This study determined the influence of a high- (HI) versus low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g/kg body mass) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3 hr prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21 ± 2 years, 79.2 ± 3.6 kg body mass, and maximum power output [Wmax] 318 ± 36 W) completed a familiarization and four double-blind trials in a counterbalanced order: HI warm-up with SB, HI warm-up with PLA, LI warm-up with SB, and LI warm-up with PLA. LI warm-up was 15 min at 60% Wmax, while the HI warm-up (typical of elites) featured LI followed by 2 × 30 s (3-min break) at Wmax, finishing 30 min prior to a cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax. Blood bicarbonate and lactate were measured throughout. SB supplementation increased blood bicarbonate (+6.4 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval, CI [5.7, 7.1]) prior to greater reductions with HI warm-up (−3.8 mmol/L; 95% CI [−5.8, −1.8]). However, during the 30-min recovery, blood bicarbonate rebounded and increased in all conditions, with concentrations ∼5.3 mmol/L greater with SB supplementation (p < .001). Blood bicarbonate significantly declined during the cycling capacity test at 110%Wmax with greater reductions following SB supplementation (−2.4 mmol/L; 95% CI [−3.8, −0.90]). Aligned with these results, SB supplementation increased total work done during the cycling capacity test at 110% Wmax (+8.5 kJ; 95% CI [3.6, 13.4], ∼19% increase) with no significant main effect of warm-up intensity (+0.0 kJ; 95% CI [−5.0, 5.0]). Collectively, the results demonstrate that SB supplementation can improve HI cycling capacity irrespective of prior warm-up intensity, likely due to blood alkalosis.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of High Doses of Caffeine on Bar Velocity during the Bench Press Throw in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4380
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Michal Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Acute Intake

Chronic intake of caffeine may produce a reduction in the potential performance benefits obtained with the acute intake of this substance. For this reason, athletes habituated to caffeine often use high doses of caffeine (≥9 mg/kg) to overcome tolerance to caffeine ergogenicity due to chronic intake. The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of high caffeine doses on bar velocity during an explosive bench press throw in athletes habituated to caffeine. Twelve resistance-trained athletes, with a moderate-to-high chronic intake of caffeine (~5.3 mg/kg/day) participated in a randomized double-blind and randomized experimental design. Each participant performed three identical experimental sessions 60 min after the intake of a placebo (PLAC) or after the intake of 9 (CAF-9) or 12 mg/kg (CAF-12) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the athletes performed five sets of two repetitions of the bench press throw exercise with a load equivalent to 30% of their one-repetition maximum. In comparison to PLAC, the intake of caffeine increased peak and mean velocity (p < 0.01) during the five sets of the bench press throw exercise. There were no significant differences in peak and mean bar velocity between the two doses of caffeine (CAF-9 vs. CAF-12; p = 0.91, = 0.96, respectively). The ingestion of high doses of caffeine was effective in producing an increase in mean and peak bar velocity during the bench press throw in a group of habitual caffeine users. However, using CAF-12 did not offer additional benefits for performance with respect to CAF-9.

The Acute Effects of L-arginine on Hormonal and Metabolic Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Trained Cyclists

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Vicki Harber ◽  
Gordon J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Ingestion ◽  
Time Point

L-arginine may enhance endurance performance mediated by two primary mechanisms including enhanced secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH) and as a precursor of nitric oxide (NO); however, research in trained participants has been equivocal. The purpose was to investigate the effect of acute L-arginine ingestion on the hormonal and metabolic response during submaximal exercise in trained cyclists. Fifteen aerobically trained men (age: 28 ± 5 y; body mass: 77.4 ± 9.5 kg; height: 180.9 ± 7.9 cm; VO2max: 59.6 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min−1) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Subjects consumed L-arginine (ARG; 0.075 g·kg-1 body mass) or a placebo (PLA) before performing an acute bout of submaximal exercise (60 min at 80% of power output achieved at ventilatory threshold). The ARG condition significantly increased plasma L-arginine concentrations (~146%), while no change was detected in the PLA condition. There were no differences between conditions for GH, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, glucose, VO2, VCO2, RER, CHO oxidation, and NOx. There was reduced fat oxidation at the start of exercise (ARG: 0.36 ± 0.25 vs. PLA: 0.42 ± 0.23 g·min−1, p < .05) and an elevated plasma glycerol concentrations at the 45-min time point (ARG: 340.3 vs. PLA: 288.5 μmol·L-1, p < .05) after L-arginine consumption. In conclusion, the acute ingestion of L-arginine did not alter any hormonal, metabolic, or cardio-respiratory responses during submaximal exercise except for a small but significant increase in glycerol at the 45-min time point and a reduction in fat oxidation at the start of exercise.

scholarly journals Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Maximal Strength and Strength Endurance in Healthy Recreationally Trained Women Habituated to Caffeine

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3813
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Magdalena Kaszuba ◽  
Agata Leońska-Duniec ◽  
Wojciech Czarny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Trial Participants

Background: By using deceptive experimental designs, several investigations have observed that trained individuals may increase their performance when told they were given caffeine, when in fact they received a placebo (i.e., the placebo effect of caffeine). However, most of these investigations on the placebo effect of caffeine used individuals with low caffeine consumption or did not report habitual caffeine consumption, especially in studies analyzing resistance-based exercise. Hence, it is unknown if habitual caffeine consumers benefit from the placebo effect of caffeine on exercise performance. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the placebo effect of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance performance during the bench press exercise (BP) in women with mild–moderate daily consumption of caffeine. Methods: Thirteen resistance-trained women (BP one-repetition maximum (1RM) = 40.0 ± 9.7 kg) habituated to caffeine (4.1 ± 1.7 mg/kg/day) completed a deceptive randomized experimental design with two experimental trials. On one occasion, participants were told that they would receive 6 mg/kg of caffeine but received a placebo (PLAC), and on other occasions, participants did not receive any substance and were told that this was a control situation (CONT). In each experimental trial, participants underwent a 1RM BP test and a strength-endurance test consisting of performing the maximal number of repetitions at 50% of their 1RM. Results: In comparison to CONT, PLAC did not enhance 1RM (40.0 ± 10.5 kg vs. 41.0 ± 9.5 kg, respectively; p = 0.10), nor did it enhance the number of repetitions (32.2 ± 5.1 vs. 31.8 ± 4.5; p = 0.66) or mean power (130 ± 34 vs. 121 ± 26; p = 0.08) in the strength-endurance test. Conclusion: Informing participants that they were given caffeine, when in fact they received a placebo, did not modify any performance variable measured in this investigation. Thus, the use of the placebo effect of caffeine seemed an ineffective strategy to enhance muscle strength and strength endurance during the BP exercise in women with mild–moderate consumption of caffeine.

scholarly journals The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. S. Lopes ◽  
Valéria L. G. Panissa ◽  
Ursula F. Julio ◽  
Elton M. Menegon ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effect of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and power performance. Twelve male subjects were submitted to a maximal strength test in the the bench press, a maximal aerobic test in the bench step, and to four sets of bench press exercise performed as fast and as long as possible, using 80% of maximal strength when active or passive recovery was performed. The maximum number of repetitions, mean and peak power in eccentric and concentric phases were computed and blood lactate concentration was measured. Comparisons for the variables were made using a two-way variance analysis (recovery type and set numer) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (p < 0.05), a Tukey post-hoc test was used. There was a main effect of set number on maximum number of repetitions (p < 0.05) (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 3 and 4; 3 > 4). Mean and peak power in both eccentric and concentric phases also differed across sets (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 4). There was also a main effect for the recovery type, with lower values (p < 0.05) observed for the active recovery compared to the passive one. It can be concluded that active recovery resulted in lower lactate concentration, but did not improve power performance in the bench press exercise.

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