Energetics of Table Tennis and Table Tennis–Specific Exercise Testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Moura Zagatto ◽  
Jorge Vieira de Mello Leite ◽  
Marcelo Papoti ◽  
Ralph Beneke
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
The Individual

Purpose:To test the hypotheses that the metabolic profile of table tennis is dominantly aerobic, anaerobic energy is related to the accumulated duration and intensity of rallies, and activity and metabolic profile are interrelated with the individual fitness profile determined via table tennis–specific tests. Methods:Eleven male experienced table tennis players (22 ± 3 y, 77.6 ± 18.9 kg, 177.1 ± 8.1 cm) underwent 2 simulated table tennis matches to analyze aerobic (WOXID) energy, anaerobic glycolytic (WBLC) energy, and phosphocreatine breakdown (WPCr); a table tennis–specific graded exercise test to measure ventilatory threshold and peak oxygen uptake; and an exhaustive supramaximal table tennis effort to determine maximal accumulated deficit of oxygen. Results:WOXID, WBLC, and WPCr corresponded to 96.5% ± 1.7%, 1.0% ± 0.7%, and 2.5% ± 1.4%, respectively. WOXID was interrelated with rally duration (r = .81) and number of shots per rally (r = .77), whereas match intensity was correlated with WPCr (r = .62) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (r = .58). Conclusions:The metabolic profile of table tennis is predominantly aerobic and interrelated with the individual fitness profile determined via table tennis–specific tests. Table tennis–specific ventilatory threshold determines the average oxygen uptake and overall WOXID, whereas table tennis–specific maximal accumulated oxygen deficit indicates the ability to use and sustain slightly higher blood lactate concentration and WBLC during the match.

scholarly journals Comparison of oxygen uptake during and after the execution of resistance exercises and exercises performed on ergometers, matched for intensity

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vilaça-Alves ◽  
Nuno Miguel Freitas ◽  
Francisco José Saavedra ◽  
Christopher B. Scott ◽  
Victor Machado dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
Moment Effect ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the values of oxygen uptake (VO2) during and after strength training exercises (STe) and ergometer exercises (Ee), matched for intensity and exercise time. Eight men (24 ± 2.33 years) performed upper and lower body cycling Ee at the individual’s ventilatory threshold (VE/VCO2). The STe session included half squats and the bench press which were performed with a load at the individual blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l. Both sessions lasted 30 minutes, alternating 50 seconds of effort with a 10 second transition time between upper and lower body work. The averaged overall VO2 between sessions was significantly higher for Ee (24.96 ± 3.6 ml·kg·min-1) compared to STe (21.66 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1) (p = 0.035), but this difference was only seen for the first 20 minutes of exercise. Absolute VO2 values between sessions did not reveal differences. There were more statistically greater values in Ee compared to STe, regarding VO2 of lower limbs (25.44 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.83 ± 2·24 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.038) and upper limbs (24.49 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.54 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.047). There were further significant differences regarding the moment effect (p<0.0001) of both STe and Ee sessions. With respect to the moment × session effect, only VO2 5 minutes into recovery showed significant differences (p = 0.017). In conclusion, although significant increases in VO2 were seen following Ee compared to STe, it appears that the load/intensity, and not the material/equipment used for the execution of an exercise, are variables that best influence oxygen uptake.

The Effects of Caffeine on the Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit and Short-Term Running Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and short-term running performance. Nine well-trained males performed a preliminary assessment and. at least 4 days later, a supramaximal run to exhaustion. Their VO2max values were determined, and the MAOD test at an exercise intensity equivalent to 125% VO2max was performed. Caffeine (5 mg ⋅ kg−1) or placebo was administered 1 hr prior to the MAOD in a double-blind, randomized cross-over study. In comparison to the placebo condition, subjects in the caffeine condition developed a significantly greater MAOD and increased their run lime to exhaustion. However, posl-MAOD blood lactate concentration ([HLa]) was not different between trials for caffeine and placebo. Caffeine ingestion can be an effective ergogenic aid for short-term, supramaximal running performance and can increase MAOD. However, these results do not appear to be related to an increased [HLa).

scholarly journals Effects of Active Versus Passive Recovery in Sprint Cross-Country Skiing

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Losnegard ◽  
Martin Andersen ◽  
Matt Spencer ◽  
Jostein Hallén
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:To investigate the effects of an active and a passive recovery protocol on physiological responses and performance between 2 heats in sprint cross-country skiing.Methods:Ten elite male skiers (22 ± 3 y, 184 ± 4 cm, 79 ± 7 kg) undertook 2 experimental test sessions that both consisted of 2 heats with 25 min between start of the first and second heats. The heats were conducted as an 800-m time trial (6°, >3.5 m/s, ~205 s) and included measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) and accumulated oxygen deficit. The active recovery trial involved 2 min standing/walking, 16 min jogging (58% ± 5% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. The passive recovery trial involved 15 min sitting, 3 min walk/jog (~ 30% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were monitored throughout the recovery periods.Results:The increased 800-m time between heat 1 and heat 2 was trivial after active recovery (effect size [ES] = 0.1, P = .64) and small after passive recovery (ES = 0.4, P = .14). The 1.2% ± 2.1% (mean ± 90% CL) difference between protocols was not significant (ES = 0.3, P = .3). In heat 2, peak and average VO2 was increased after the active recovery protocol.Conclusions:Neither passive recovery nor running at ~58% of VO2peak between 2 heats changed performance significantly.

Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit in horses during brief intense exertion

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1550-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Hinchcliff ◽  
K. H. McKeever ◽  
W. W. Muir ◽  
R. A. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Plasma Lactate Concentration

Hinchcliff, K. W., K. H. McKeever, W. W. Muir, and R. A. Sams. Furosemide reduces accumulated oxygen deficit in horses during brief intense exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1550–1554, 1996.—We theorized that furosemide-induced weight reduction would reduce the contribution of anaerobic metabolism to energy expenditure of horses during intense exertion. The effects of furosemide on accumulated O2 deficit and plasma lactate concentration of horses during high-intensity exercise were examined in a three-way balance randomized crossover study. Nine horses completed each of three trials: 1) a control (C) trial, 2) a furosemide-unloaded (FU) trial in which the horse received furosemide 4 h before running, and 3) a furosemide weight-loaded (FL) trial during which the horse received furosemide and carried weight equal to the weight lost after furosemide administration. Horses ran for 2 min at ∼120% maximal O2 consumption. Furosemide (FU) increased O2 consumption (ml ⋅ 2 min−1 ⋅ kg−1) compared with C (268 ± 9 and 257 ± 9, P < 0.05), whereas FL was not different from C (252 ± 8). Accumulated O2 deficit (ml O2 equivalents/kg) was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower during FU (81.2 ± 12.5), but not during FL (96.9 ± 12.4), than during C (91.4 ± 11.5). Rate of increase in blood lactate concentration (mmol ⋅ 2 min−1 ⋅ kg−1) after FU (0.058 ± 0.001), but not after FL (0.061 ± 0.001), was significantly ( P < 0.05) lower than after C (0.061 ± 0.001). Furosemide decreased the accumulated O2 deficit and rate of increase in blood lactate concentration of horses during brief high-intensity exertion. The reduction in accumulated O2 deficit in FU-treated horses was attributable to an increase in the mass-specific rate of O2 consumption during the high-intensity exercise test.

Table Tennis: Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Analysis of Match and Exercise in Elite Junior National Players

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Sperlich ◽  
Karsten Koehler ◽  
Hans-Christer Holmberg ◽  
Christoph Zinner ◽  
Joachim Mester
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Match Play ◽  
National Team ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Data

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine the cardiorespiratory and metabolic characteristics during intense and moderate table tennis (TT) training, as well as during actual match play conditions.Methods:Blood lactate concentration (Lac), heart rate (HR, beats per minute [bpm]), oxygen uptake (VO2), and energy expenditure (EE) in 7 male participants of the German junior national team (age: 14 ± 1 y, weight: 60.5 ± 5.6 kg height; 165 ± 8 cm) were examined during six training sessions (TS) and during an international match. The VO2 was measured continuously with portable gas analyzers. Lac was assessed every 1 to 3 min during short breaks.Results:Mean (peak) values for Lac, HR, VO2, and EE during the TS were 1.2 ± 0.7 (4.5) mmol·L–1, 135 ± 18 (184) bpm, 23.5 ± 7.3 (43.0) mL·kg–1· min–1, and 6.8 ± 2.0 (11.2) METs, respectively. During match play, mean (peak) values were 1.1 ± 0.2 (1.6) mmol·L–1, 126 ± 22 (189) bpm, 25.6 ± 10.1 (45.9) mL·kg–1·min–1, and 4.8 ± 1.4 (9.6) METs, respectively.Conclusions:For the frst time, cardiorespiratory and metabolic data in elite junior table tennis have been documented demonstrating low cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands during TT training and match play in internationally competing juniors.

The Effects of Maximally Achievable Cycling Cadence on Carbohydrate Management at Moderate and Heavy Exercise Intensity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Ralph Beneke ◽  
Tobias G.J. Weber ◽  
Renate M. Leithäuser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ergometer Test

Effects of different cycling cadences (revolutions/min [rpm]) on metabolic rate, blood lactate concentration (BLC), and reliance on carbohydrate (CHO) defined as the fraction of oxygen uptake used for CHO oxidation (relCHO) are highly individual. Whether this depends on the individually maximal achievable rpm obtained at minimized cycling resistance (rpmmax) is unknown. The authors tested the hypotheses that the individual freely chosen rpm in an incremental cycle-ergometer test (ILT) and relCHO at given BLC levels both depend on rpmmax. Seven master cyclists and 8 not specifically trained leisure athletes performed an ILT at individually freely chosen rpm and an rpmmax test. Respiratory data and BLC were measured; relCHO was plotted as a function of the BLC for the determinations of the individual BLC at relCHO of 75% and 95% (BLC75% and BLC95%). With 16.7%, the between-subjects variability of individual rpm was high but independent from rpmmax. In the master athletes, rpmmax explained 59.3% and 95.2% of BLC75% (P = .043) and BLC95% (P = .001), respectively. Irrespective of cycling experience, the individually preferred average rpm at submaximal stages of an ILT is highly variable and independent of rpmmax. In experienced cyclists, carbohydrate management defined as the ratio between substrate availability as indicated by BLC and relCHO depends on rpmmax.

scholarly journals Physiological responses and cycle characteristics during double-poling versus diagonal-stride roller-skiing in junior cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik P. Andersson ◽  
Irina Hämberg ◽  
Paulo Cesar Do Nascimento Salvador ◽  
Kerry McGawley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Double Poling ◽  
Cross Country

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to compare physiological factors and cycle characteristics during cross-country (XC) roller-skiing at matched inclines and speeds using the double-poling (DP) and diagonal-stride (DS) sub-techniques in junior female and male XC skiers. Methods Twenty-three well-trained junior XC skiers (11 women, 12 men; age 18.2 ± 1.2 yr.) completed two treadmill roller-skiing tests in a randomized order using either DP or DS. The exercise protocols were identical and included a 5 min warm-up, 4 × 5 min submaximal stages, and an incremental test to exhaustion, all performed at a 5° incline. Results No significant three-way interactions were observed between sex, submaximal exercise intensity, and sub-technique. For the pooled sample, higher values were observed for DP versus DS during submaximal exercise for the mean oxygen uptake kinetics response time (33%), energy cost (18%), heart rate (HR) (9%), blood lactate concentration (5.1 versus 2.1 mmol·L−1), rating of perceived exertion (12%), and cycle rate (25%), while cycle length was lower (19%) (all P < 0.001). During the time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test, peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak), peak HR, and peak oxygen pulse were 8%, 2%, and 6% lower, respectively, for DP than DS, with a 29% shorter TTE during DP (pooled data, all P < 0.001). Conclusion In well-trained junior XC skiers, DP was found to exert a greater physiological load than DS during uphill XC roller-skiing at submaximal intensities. During the TTE test, both female and male athletes were able to ski for longer and reached markedly higher $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2peak values when using DS compared to DP.

Which common NIRS variable reflects muscle estimated lactate threshold most closely?

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Takahiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Taketaka Hara ◽  
Hayato Nakao ◽  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tissue Hemoglobin

Various near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) variables have been used to estimate muscle lactate threshold (LT), but no study has determined which common NIRS variable best reflects muscle estimated LT. Establishing the inflection point of 2 regression lines for deoxyhaemoglobin (ΔHHbi.p.), oxyhaemoglobin (ΔO2Hbi.p.), and tissue oxygenation index (TOIi.p.), as well as for blood lactate concentration, we then investigated the relationships between NIRS variables and ventilatory threshold (VT), LT, or maximal tissue hemoglobin index (nTHImax) during incremental cycling exercise. ΔHHbi.p. and TOIi.p. could be determined for all 15 subjects, but ΔO2Hbi.p. was determined for only 11 subjects. The mean absolute values for the 2 measurable slopes of the 2 continuous linear regression lines exhibited increased changes in 3 NIRS variables. The workload and VO2 at ΔO2Hbi.p. and nTHImax were greater than those at VT, LT, ΔHHbi.p., and TOIi.p.. For workload and VO2, ΔHHbi.p. was correlated with VT and LT, whereas ΔO2Hbi.p. was correlated with nTHImax, and TOIi.p. with VT and nTHImax. These findings indicate that ΔO2Hb strongly corresponds with local perfusion, and TOI corresponds with both local perfusion and deoxygenation, but that ΔHHb can exactly determine deoxygenation changes and reflect O2 metabolic dynamics. The finding of strongest correlations between ΔHHb and VT or LT indicates that ΔHHb is the best variable for muscle LT estimation.

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