Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints During Drop Landing

The bones and soft tissues of the foot act as a shock attenuator and the relative bony motions of the talocrural and subtalar joints are the subject of research interest for their roles in lower extremity pathology. Despite this interest, little information exists on the precise in vivo talocrural and subtalar joint kinematics during dynamic activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the three-dimensional kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints during landing by using single-plane fluoroscopic imaging and shape matching techniques. Three-dimensional bone positions for 6 subjects during landing from a 10 cm height were determined by using 3D-2D model-image registration techniques. The primary talocrural joint motion after toe contact was dorsiflexion with rotation ranges averaging 12° ± 7° dorsiflexion, 2° ± 2° eversion, and 3° ± 2° internal rotation. The subtalar joint exhibited similar patterns of increased dorsiflexion, eversion, and external rotation up to 150 ms after landing. The angular changes were 5° ± 3° dorsiflexion, 7° ± 3° eversion, and 6° ± 2° external rotation. This study contributes to the quantitative understanding of the function of the normal talocrural and subtalar joints and can be used for comparison with data obtained from injured feet.

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In Vivo Kinematics of the Tibiotalar and Subtalar Joints in Asymptomatic Subjects: A High-Speed Dual Fluoroscopy Study

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4034263 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Koren E. Roach ◽

Bibo Wang ◽

Ashley L. Kapron ◽

Niccolo M. Fiorentino ◽

Charles L. Saltzman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subtalar Joint ◽

High Speed ◽

External Rotation ◽

Translational Motion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tibiotalar Joint ◽

In Vivo Kinematics ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects ◽

Capture Techniques

Measurements of joint kinematics are essential to understand the pathomechanics of ankle disease and the effects of treatment. Traditional motion capture techniques do not provide measurements of independent tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion. In this study, high-speed dual fluoroscopy images of ten asymptomatic adults were acquired during treadmill walking at 0.5 m/s and 1.0 m/s and a single-leg, balanced heel-rise. Three-dimensional (3D) CT models of each bone and dual fluoroscopy images were used to quantify in vivo kinematics for the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Dynamic tibiotalar and subtalar mean joint angles often exhibited opposing trends during captured stance. During both speeds of walking, the tibiotalar joint had significantly greater dorsi/plantarflexion (D/P) angular ROM than the subtalar joint while the subtalar joint demonstrated greater inversion/eversion (In/Ev) and internal/external rotation (IR/ER) than the tibiotalar joint. During balanced heel-rise, only D/P and In/Ev were significantly different between the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Translational ROM in the anterior/posterior (AP) direction was significantly greater in the subtalar than the tibiotalar joint during walking at 0.5 m/s. Overall, our results support the long-held belief that the tibiotalar joint is primarily responsible for D/P, while the subtalar joint facilitates In/Ev and IR/ER. However, the subtalar joint provided considerable D/P rotation, and the tibiotalar joint rotated about all three axes, which, along with translational motion, suggests that each joint undergoes complex, 3D motion.

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Three-Dimensional In Vivo Kinematics of the Subtalar Joint During Dorsi-Plantarflexion and Inversion-Eversion

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai.2009.0432 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (05) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Akira Goto ◽

Hisao Moritomo ◽

Tomonobu Itohara ◽

Tetsu Watanabe ◽

Kazuomi Sugamoto

Keyword(s):

Subtalar Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

In Vivo Kinematics ◽

And Inversion

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Kinematics of the Ankle/Foot Complex: Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078900900409 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 194-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Arne Lundberg ◽

Ian Goldie ◽

Bo Kalin ◽

Göran Selvik

Keyword(s):

Plantar Flexion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Transverse Axis ◽

Talocrural Joint ◽

Foot Kinematics ◽

Talocalcaneal Joint ◽

Axis Rotation

In an in vivo investigation of eight healthy volunteers, three dimensional ankle/foot kinematics were analyzed by roentgen stereophotogrammetry in 10° steps of motion from 30° of plantar flexion to 30° of dorsiflexion of the foot. The study included all of the joints between the tibia and the first metatarsal, as well as the talocalcaneal joint, and was performed under full body load. Although the talocrural joint was found to account for most of the rotation around the transverse axis occurring from 30° of plantar flexion to 30° of dorsiflexion, there was a substantial contribution from the joints of the arch. This was seen particularly in the input arc from 30° of plantar flexion to the neutral position, where the dorsiflexion motion of these joints amounted to 10% to 41% of the total transverse axis rotation.

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A method for measuring three-dimensional mandibular kinematics in vivo using single-plane fluoroscopy

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology ◽

10.1259/dmfr.20110326 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 20110326-20110326 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.-C. Chen ◽

C.-C. Lin ◽

Y.-J. Chen ◽

S.-W. Hong ◽

T.-W. Lu

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Plane ◽

Mandibular Kinematics

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The Effect of the Tibiofemoral Contact Path Centroid Location on TKR Contact Forces

ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2010-19407 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hannah J. Lundberg ◽

Markus A. Wimmer

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Solution Space ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Joint Contact ◽

Total Knee

Detailed knowledge of in vivo knee contact forces and the contribution from muscles, ligaments, and other soft-tissues to knee joint function are essential for evaluating total knee replacement (TKR) designs. We have recently developed a mathematical model for calculating knee joint contact forces using parametric methodology (Lundberg et al., 2009). The numerical model calculates a “solution space” of three-dimensional contact forces for both the medial and lateral compartments of the tibial plateau. The solution spaces are physiologically meaningful, and represent the result of balancing the external moments and forces by different strategies.

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In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of total elbow arthroplasty using fluoroscopic imaging

International Orthopaedics ◽

10.1007/s00264-010-0972-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 847-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kazuma Futai ◽

Tetsuya Tomita ◽

Takaharu Yamazaki ◽

Tsuyoshi Murase ◽

Hideki Yoshikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Total Elbow Arthroplasty ◽

Elbow Arthroplasty ◽

Fluoroscopic Imaging

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PEG-modified gadolinium nanoparticles as contrast agents for in vivo micro-CT

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95716-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Charmainne Cruje ◽

P. Joy Dunmore-Buyze ◽

Eric Grolman ◽

David W. Holdsworth ◽

Elizabeth R. Gillies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contrast Agent ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Blood Pool ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Poly Ethylene

AbstractVascular research is largely performed in rodents with the goal of developing treatments for human disease. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) provides non-destructive three-dimensional imaging that can be used to study the vasculature of rodents. However, to distinguish vasculature from other soft tissues, long-circulating contrast agents are required. In this study, we demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated gadolinium nanoparticles can be used as a vascular contrast agent in micro-CT. The coated particles could be lyophilized and then redispersed in an aqueous solution to achieve 100 mg/mL of gadolinium. After an intravenous injection of the contrast agent into mice, micro-CT scans showed blood pool contrast enhancements of at least 200 HU for 30 min. Imaging and quantitative analysis of gadolinium in tissues showed the presence of contrast agent in clearance organs including the liver and spleen and very low amounts in other organs. In vitro cell culture experiments, subcutaneous injections, and analysis of mouse body weight suggested that the agents exhibited low toxicity. Histological analysis of tissues 5 days after injection of the contrast agent showed cytotoxicity in the spleen, but no abnormalities were observed in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and bladder.

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Ranges of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Deformation During an In Vivo Dynamic Flexion–Extension of the Neck

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4036311 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yan Yu ◽

Haiqing Mao ◽

Jing-Sheng Li ◽

Tsung-Yuan Tsai ◽

Liming Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Imaging System ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cervical Disc ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

While abnormal loading is widely believed to cause cervical spine disc diseases, in vivo cervical disc deformation during dynamic neck motion has not been well delineated. This study investigated the range of cervical disc deformation during an in vivo functional flexion–extension of the neck. Ten asymptomatic human subjects were tested using a combined dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based three-dimensional (3D) modeling technique. Overall disc deformation was determined using the changes of the space geometry between upper and lower endplates of each intervertebral segment (C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7). Five points (anterior, center, posterior, left, and right) of each disc were analyzed to examine the disc deformation distributions. The data indicated that between the functional maximum flexion and extension of the neck, the anterior points of the discs experienced large changes of distraction/compression deformation and shear deformation. The higher level discs experienced higher ranges of disc deformation. No significant difference was found in deformation ranges at posterior points of all the discs. The data indicated that the range of disc deformation is disc level dependent and the anterior region experienced larger changes of deformation than the center and posterior regions, except for the C6/7 disc. The data obtained from this study could serve as baseline knowledge for the understanding of the cervical spine disc biomechanics and for investigation of the biomechanical etiology of disc diseases. These data could also provide insights for development of motion preservation surgeries for cervical spine.

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Three-Dimensional In Vivo Kinematics of the Subtalar Joint During Dorsi-Plantarflexion and Inversion–Eversion

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai-2009-0432 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Akira Goto ◽

Hisao Moritomo ◽

Tomonobu Itohara ◽

Tetsu Watanabe ◽

Kazuomi Sugamoto

Keyword(s):

Subtalar Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Close Spatial Relationship ◽

Mri Sequences ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Motion Plane

Background: It is difficult to determine the kinematics of the subtalar joint because of its anatomical and functional complexity. The purpose of the study was to clarify the 3D kinematics of the subtalar joint in vivo. Materials and Methods: Subjects were four healthy female volunteers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were acquired in seven positions during dorsi-plantarflexion (DPF) and in 10 positions during inversion-eversion (IE) at intervals of 10 degrees. MRI data of the talus and calcaneus in the neutral position were superimposed on images of the other positions using voxel-based registration, and relative motions and axes of rotation were visualized and quantitatively calculated. Results: The calcaneus always rotated from dorsolateral to medioplantar during DPF and IE, and the motion plane was very similar to that of the entire foot in IE. The axes of rotation of the calcaneus relative to the talus during DPF and IE had a very close spatial relationship, running obliquely from antero-dorsomedial to postero-planto-lateral and penetrating the talar neck. The rotation angle around each of these calcaneal axes tended to be greater in IE (20 degrees ± 2 degrees) than in DPF (16 degrees ± 3 degrees). In DPF, motion of the calcaneus relative to the talus occurred predominantly around maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, with little movement observed at intermediate positions. During IE, the calcaneus exhibited uninterrupted motion related to foot movement. Conclusion: The subtalar joint is essentially a uniaxial joint with a motion plane almost identical to that of IE of the entire foot. Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of normal subtalar kinematics may be helpful when evaluating pathologic conditions.

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