scholarly journals In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of total elbow arthroplasty using fluoroscopic imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Futai ◽  
Tetsuya Tomita ◽  
Takaharu Yamazaki ◽  
Tsuyoshi Murase ◽  
Hideki Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Elbow Arthroplasty ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging

scholarly journals Ranges of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Deformation During an In Vivo Dynamic Flexion–Extension of the Neck

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Haiqing Mao ◽  
Jing-Sheng Li ◽  
Tsung-Yuan Tsai ◽  
Liming Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

While abnormal loading is widely believed to cause cervical spine disc diseases, in vivo cervical disc deformation during dynamic neck motion has not been well delineated. This study investigated the range of cervical disc deformation during an in vivo functional flexion–extension of the neck. Ten asymptomatic human subjects were tested using a combined dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based three-dimensional (3D) modeling technique. Overall disc deformation was determined using the changes of the space geometry between upper and lower endplates of each intervertebral segment (C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7). Five points (anterior, center, posterior, left, and right) of each disc were analyzed to examine the disc deformation distributions. The data indicated that between the functional maximum flexion and extension of the neck, the anterior points of the discs experienced large changes of distraction/compression deformation and shear deformation. The higher level discs experienced higher ranges of disc deformation. No significant difference was found in deformation ranges at posterior points of all the discs. The data indicated that the range of disc deformation is disc level dependent and the anterior region experienced larger changes of deformation than the center and posterior regions, except for the C6/7 disc. The data obtained from this study could serve as baseline knowledge for the understanding of the cervical spine disc biomechanics and for investigation of the biomechanical etiology of disc diseases. These data could also provide insights for development of motion preservation surgeries for cervical spine.

scholarly journals Investigation of Geometric Deformations of The Lumbar Disc During Axial Body Rotations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Xu ◽  
Wangqiang Wen ◽  
Zepei Zhang ◽  
Jianqiang Bai ◽  
Bowen Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lumbar Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
Extra Weight ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Abstract BackgroundQuantitative data on in vivo vertebral disc deformations are critical for enhancing our understanding of spinal pathology and improving the design of surgical materials. This study investigated in vivo lumbar intervertebral disc deformations during axial rotations under different load-bearing conditions.MethodsTwelve healthy subjects (7 males and 5 females) between the ages of 25 and 39 were recruited. Using a combination of a dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and CT, the images of L3-5 segments scanned by CT were transformed into three-dimensional models, which matched the instantaneous images of the lumbar spine taken by a double fluorescent X-ray system during axial rotations to reproduce motions. Then, the kinematic data of the compression and shear deformations of the lumbar disc and the coupled bending of the vertebral body were obtained.ResultsRelative to the supine position, the average compression deformation caused by rotation is between +10% and -40%, and the shear deformation is between 17% and 50%. Under physiological weightbearing loads, different levels of lumbar discs exhibit similar deformation patterns, and the deformation patterns of left and right rotations are approximately symmetrical. The deformation patterns change significantly under a 10 kg load, with the exception of the L3-4 disc during the right rotation.ConclusionThe deformation of the lumbar disc was direction-specific and level-specific during axial rotations and was affected by extra weight. These data can provide new insights into the biomechanics of the lumbar spine and optimize the parameters of artificial lumbar spine devices.

Three-Dimensional Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints During Drop Landing

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mako Fukano ◽  
Yuji Kuroyanagi ◽  
Toru Fukubayashi ◽  
Scott Banks
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Talocrural Joint ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Fluoroscopic Imaging ◽  
Matching Techniques

The bones and soft tissues of the foot act as a shock attenuator and the relative bony motions of the talocrural and subtalar joints are the subject of research interest for their roles in lower extremity pathology. Despite this interest, little information exists on the precise in vivo talocrural and subtalar joint kinematics during dynamic activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the three-dimensional kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints during landing by using single-plane fluoroscopic imaging and shape matching techniques. Three-dimensional bone positions for 6 subjects during landing from a 10 cm height were determined by using 3D-2D model-image registration techniques. The primary talocrural joint motion after toe contact was dorsiflexion with rotation ranges averaging 12° ± 7° dorsiflexion, 2° ± 2° eversion, and 3° ± 2° internal rotation. The subtalar joint exhibited similar patterns of increased dorsiflexion, eversion, and external rotation up to 150 ms after landing. The angular changes were 5° ± 3° dorsiflexion, 7° ± 3° eversion, and 6° ± 2° external rotation. This study contributes to the quantitative understanding of the function of the normal talocrural and subtalar joints and can be used for comparison with data obtained from injured feet.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Three-Dimensional Subcellular Organization of Hepatocytes in Intact Liver: Simultaneous Visualization of Cytoskeletal and Membrane Markers by Confocal Microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Greg V. Martin ◽  
Ann L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Polarized Secretion ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Simultaneous Visualization

The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is necessary for many of the polarized functions of hepatocytes. Among the functions dependent on the MT-based cytoskeleton are polarized secretion of proteins, delivery of endocytosed material to lysosomes, and transcytosis of integral plasma membrane (PM) proteins. Although microtubules have been shown to be crucial to the establishment and maintenance of functional and structural polarization in the hepatocyte, little is known about the architecture of the hepatocyte MT cytoskeleton in vivo, particularly with regard to its relationship to PM domains and membranous organelles. Using an in situ extraction technique that preserves both microtubules and cellular membranes, we have developed a protocol for immunofluorescent co-localization of cytoskeletal elements and integral membrane proteins within 20 µm cryosections of fixed rat liver. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction of multi-spectral confocal microscope images was used to visualize the spatial relationships among the MT cytoskeleton, PM domains and intracellular organelles.

Three-Dimensional In Vivo Kinematics of the Subtalar Joint During Dorsi-Plantarflexion and Inversion-Eversion

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Goto ◽  
Hisao Moritomo ◽  
Tomonobu Itohara ◽  
Tetsu Watanabe ◽  
Kazuomi Sugamoto
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vivo Kinematics ◽  
And Inversion

Epithelial Organotypic Cultures: A Viable Model to Address Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Epitheliotropic Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Termini ◽  
Enrique Boccardo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Skin Physiology

In vitro culture of primary or established cell lines is one of the leading techniques in many areas of basic biological research. The use of pure or highly enriched cultures of specific cell types obtained from different tissues and genetics backgrounds has greatly contributed to our current understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. Cells in culture are easily propagated generating an almost endless source of material for experimentation. Besides, they can be manipulated to achieve gene silencing, gene overexpression and genome editing turning possible the dissection of specific gene functions and signaling pathways. However, monolayer and suspension cultures of cells do not reproduce the cell type diversity, cell-cell contacts, cell-matrix interactions and differentiation pathways typical of the three-dimensional environment of tissues and organs from where they were originated. Therefore, different experimental animal models have been developed and applied to address these and other complex issues in vivo. However, these systems are costly and time consuming. Most importantly the use of animals in scientific research poses moral and ethical concerns facing a steadily increasing opposition from different sectors of the society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative in vitro experimental models that accurately reproduce the events observed in vivo to reduce the use of animals. Organotypic cultures combine the flexibility of traditional culture systems with the possibility of culturing different cell types in a 3D environment that reproduces both the structure and the physiology of the parental organ. Here we present a summarized description of the use of epithelial organotypic for the study of skin physiology, human papillomavirus biology and associated tumorigenesis.

Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Aster ericoides Mucilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Ankaj Kaundal ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fickian Diffusion ◽  
Aster Ericoides ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Buccal Tablet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volunteer Group

Aim: The study was aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets using Aster ericoides leaves mucilage. Background : Mucilages are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight polyuronides, which have been extensively studied for their application in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Objective: The objective of the present research was to establish the mucilage isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides as an excipient for the formulation of the mucoadhesive buccal tablet. Method: The mucilage was isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides by maceration, precipitated with acetone and characterized. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and evaluated for various official tests. Results: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Conclusion: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Other: However, to prove the potency of the polymer, in vivo bioavailability studies in human volunteers are needed along with chronic toxicity studies in suitable animal models.

scholarly journals High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lan Fan ◽  
Jose A. Rivera ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
John Peterson ◽  
Henry Haeberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Two Photon

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes in vivo. Currently, a volumetric vasculature imaging method with sub-capillary spatial resolution and blood flow-resolving speed is lacking. Here, using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) with an axially extended Bessel focus, we capture volumetric hemodynamics in the awake mouse brain at a spatiotemporal resolution sufficient for measuring capillary size and blood flow. With Bessel TPLSM, the fluorescence signal of a vessel becomes proportional to its size, which enables convenient intensity-based analysis of vessel dilation and constriction dynamics in large volumes. We observe entrainment of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/second. Demonstrating high-throughput monitoring of hemodynamics in the awake brain, we expect Bessel TPLSM to make broad impacts on neurovasculature research.

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