Static and Dynamic Balance Control in Older Golfers

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W.N. Tsang ◽  
Christina W.Y. Hui-Chan
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Weight Shift

Purpose:To determine whether older golfers have better static and dynamic balance control than older but nongolfing healthy adults.Methods:Eleven golfers and 12 control participants (all male; 66.2 ± 6.8 and 71.3 ± 6.6 yr old, respectively) were recruited. Duration of static single-leg stance was timed. Control of body sway was assessed in single-leg stance during forward and backward platform perturbations. The lunge distance normalized with respect to each participant’s height was used to compare the 2 groups in a forward-lunge test.Results:Golfers maintained significantly longer duration in static single-leg stance. They achieved less anteroposterior body sway in perturbed single-leg stance and lunged significantly farther than did control participants.Conclusions:The better static and dynamic balance control exhibited by older golfers possibly reflects the effects of weight transfers from repeated golf swings during weight shift from 2-leg to predominantly 1-leg stance and from walking on uneven fairways.

Effects of Cognitive Over Postural Demands on Upright Standing Among Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252097287
Author(s):  
Kell Grandjean da Costa ◽  
Erika K. Hussey ◽  
Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes ◽  
Alekya Menta ◽  
John W. Ramsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Stance Control ◽  
Upright Standing ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research has shown that static stance control (e.g., body sway) is influenced by cognitive demands (CD), an effect that may be related to competition for limited central resources. Measures of stance control have also been impacted by postural demands (PD) (e.g., stable vs. unstable stances). However, less is known of any possible interactions between PD and CD on static stance control in populations with intact balance control and ample cognitive resources, like young healthy adults. In this study, among the same participants, we factorially compared the impact of PD with and without CD on static stance control. Thirty-four healthy young adults wore inertial measurement units (IMU) while completing static stance tasks for 30 seconds in three different PD positions: feet apart, feet together, and tandem feet. After completing these tasks alone, participants performed these tasks with CD by concurrently completing verbal serial seven subtractions from a randomly selected three-digit number. For two dependent measures, path length and jerk, there were main effects of CD and PD but no interaction effect between these factors. For all other stance control parameters, there was only a PD main effect. Thus, adding a cognitive demand to postural demands, while standing upright, may have an independent impact on stance control, but CD does not seem to interact with PD. These results suggest that young healthy adults may be less sensitive to simple PD and CD due to their greater inherent balance control and available cognitive resources. Future work might explore more complex PD and CD combinations to determine the boundaries under which young adults’ resources are taxed.

scholarly journals Dynamic Balance Measurement and Quantitative Assessment Using Wearable Plantar-Pressure Insoles in a Pose-Sensed Virtual Environment

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunguang Lou ◽  
Chenyao Pang ◽  
Congrui Jing ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Xufeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Kinect Sensor ◽  
Sit To Stand

The center of plantar pressure (COP) reflects the dynamic balance of subjects to a certain extent. In this study, wearable pressure insoles are designed, body pose measure is detected by the Kinect sensor, and a balance evaluation system is formulated. With the designed games for the interactive actions, the Kinect sensor reads the skeletal poses to judge whether the desired action is performed, and the pressure insoles simultaneously collect the plantar pressure data. The COP displacement and its speed are calculated to determine the body sway and the ability of balance control. Significant differences in the dispersion of the COP distribution of the 12 subjects have been obtained, indicating different balancing abilities of the examined subjects. A novel assessment process is also proposed in the paper, in which a correlation analysis is made between the de facto sit-to-stand (STS) test and the proposed method; the Pearson and Spearman correlations are also conducted, which reveal a significant positive correlation. Finally, four undergraduate volunteers with a right leg sports injury participate in the experiments. The experimental results show that the normal side and abnormal side have significantly different characters, suggesting that our method is effective and robust for balance measurements.

Impaired Weight-Shift Amplitude in People with Parkinson’s Disease with Freezing of Gait

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bauke Wybren Dijkstra ◽  
Moran Gilat ◽  
L. Eduardo Cofré Lizama ◽  
Martina Mancini ◽  
Bruno Bergmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Dopaminergic Medication ◽  
Weight Shift ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Weight Shifting

Background: People with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait (FOG; freezers) suffer from pronounced postural instability. However, the relationship between these phenomena remains unclear and has mostly been tested in paradigms requiring step generation. Objective: To determine if freezing-related dynamic balance deficits are present during a task without stepping and determine the influence of dopaminergic medication on dynamic balance control. Methods: Twenty-two freezers, 16 non-freezers, and 20 healthy age-matched controls performed mediolateral weight-shifts at increasing frequencies when following a visual target projected on a screen (MELBA task). The amplitude and phase shift differences between center of mass and target motion were measured. Balance scores (Mini-BESTest), 360° turning speed and the freezing ratio were also measured. Subjects with Parkinson’s disease were tested ON and partial OFF (overnight withdrawal) dopaminergic medication. Results: Freezers had comparable turning speed and balance scores to non-freezers and took more levodopa. Freezers produced hypokinetic weight-shift amplitudes throughout the MELBA task compared to non-freezers (p = 0.002), which were already present at task onset (p < 0.001). Freezers also displayed an earlier weight-shift breakdown than controls when OFF-medication (p = 0.008). Medication improved mediolateral weight-shifting in freezers and non-freezers. Freezers decreased their freezing ratio in response to medication. Conclusion: Hypokinetic weight-shifting proved a marked postural control deficit in freezers, while balance scores and turning speed were similar to non-freezers. Both weight-shift amplitudes and the freezing ratio were responsive to medication in freezers, suggesting axial motor vigor is levodopa-responsive. Future work needs to test whether weight-shifting and freezing severity can be further ameliorated through training.

Effects of Balance Training through Various Ankle Inclination on Dynamic Balance in Healthy Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Nuri Kim ◽  
Kangmi Kim ◽  
Jeongeun Lee ◽  
Hakyeong Lee ◽  
Yuri Cha
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Healthy Adults

Research on Dynamic Balance Method of Precision Centrifuge

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 777-780
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Bo Yuan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Dynamic Balancing ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
System Controller ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Firstly, according to the structure characteristics of precision centrifuge, the mathematical model of its dynamic balancing system was set up, and the dynamic balancing scheme of double test surfaces, double emendation surfaces were established. Then the dynamic balance system controller of precision centrifuge was designed. Simulation results show that the controller designed can completely meet the requirements of precision centrifuge dynamic balance control system.

scholarly journals Inertial Sensor Reliability and Validity for Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5167
Author(s):  
Nicky Baker ◽  
Claire Gough ◽  
Susan J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Compared to laboratory equipment inertial sensors are inexpensive and portable, permitting the measurement of postural sway and balance to be conducted in any setting. This systematic review investigated the inter-sensor and test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity to measure static and dynamic balance in healthy adults. Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched to January 2021. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was possible for reliability studies only and it was found that inertial sensors are reliable to measure static standing eyes open. A synthesis of the included studies shows moderate to good reliability for dynamic balance. Concurrent validity is moderate for both static and dynamic balance. Sensors discriminate old from young adults by amplitude of mediolateral sway, gait velocity, step length, and turn speed. Fallers are discriminated from non-fallers by sensor measures during walking, stepping, and sit to stand. The accuracy of discrimination is unable to be determined conclusively. Using inertial sensors to measure postural sway in healthy adults provides real-time data collected in the natural environment and enables discrimination between fallers and non-fallers. The ability of inertial sensors to identify differences in postural sway components related to altered performance in clinical tests can inform targeted interventions for the prevention of falls and near falls.

scholarly journals Effects of offloading devices on static and dynamic balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Andre Horstink ◽  
Lucas Henricus Vincentius van der Woude ◽  
Juha Markus Hijmans
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Somatosensory Information

AbstractPatients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) usually have reduced somatosensory information and altered perception in feet and ankles. Somatosensory information acts as feedback for movement control and loss of somatosensation leads to altered plantar pressure patterns during gait and stance. Offloading devices are used to reduce peak plantar pressure and prevent diabetic foot ulcers. However, offloading devices can unfortunately have negative effects on static and dynamic balance. It is important to investigate these unwanted effects, since patient with DPN already are at high risk of falling and offloading devices could potentially increase this risk. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effects of plantar offloading devices used for ulcer prevention on their role in static and dynamic balance control in patients with DPN. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched using relevant search terms. After title selection, abstract selection, and full-text selection only five articles could be included for further analysis. Two articles included static balance measurements, two articles included dynamic balance measurements, and one article included both. Results suggested that static balance control is reduced when rocker bottom shoes and different insole configurations are used, however, toe-only rockers showed less evidence for reduced static balance control. There was no evidence for reduced dynamic balance control in combination with offloading devices. However, these results should be interpreted with care, since the number of studies was very small and the quality of the studies was moderate. Future research should evaluate balance in combination with different offloading devices, so that clinicians subscribing them are more aware of their potential unwanted consequences.

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