High-Speed Bodyweight Resistance Training Improves Functional Performance Through Maximal Velocity in Older Females

Author(s):  
Cristian Jaque ◽  
Phillip Véliz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
...  

The authors compared the effects of bodyweight resistance training at moderate- or high-speed conditions on muscle power, velocity of movement, and functional performance in older females. In a randomized, single-blinded noncontrolled trial, participants completed 12 weeks (three sessions/week) of bodyweight resistance training at high (n = 14; age = 70.6 ± 4.3 years) or moderate (n = 12; age = 72.8 ± 4.2 years) speeds. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (Group × Time) with α level set at <.05. After the intervention, timed up and go test performance (p < .05) and the rising from a chair test mean (22.4%) and maximal velocity (28.5%), mean (24.4%) and maximal power (27.7%), normalized mean (25.1%), and normalized maximal power (28.5%) increased in the high-speed group (p < .05). However, the moderate-speed group achieved no improvements (Δ6.7–14.4%; p > .2). The authors conclude that high-speed bodyweight resistance training is an effective and economically practical strategy to improve the functional capacity of older women relevant to daily life activities.

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Robinson Ramirez-Velez ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Antonio Garcìa-Hermoso ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Robinson Ramirez-Velez ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1288
Author(s):  
Dean Ritchie ◽  
Justin Keogh ◽  
Steven Stern ◽  
Peter Reaburn ◽  
Fergus O’Connor ◽  
...  

Little is known about the effect of preceding endurance-exercise bouts on subsequent resistance-training (RT) performance in team-sport players. Purpose: To examine the effect of prior skills/endurance training and different recovery time periods on subsequent same-day RT performance in professional Australian football players. Methods: Sport-specific endurance-running loads (duration [in minutes], total distance [in meters], mean speed [in meters per minute], high-speed running >15 km·h−1, and relative high-speed running [>75% and >85% of maximal velocity]) were obtained for 46 professional Australian football players for each training session across an entire competitive season. RT was prescribed in 3 weekly mesocycles with tonnage (in kilograms) lifted recorded as RT performance. Endurance and RT sessions were interspersed by different recovery durations: ∼20 min and 1, 2, and 3 h. Fixed- and mixed-effect linear models assessed the influence of skills/endurance-running loads on RT performance. Models also accounted for season period (preseason vs in-season) and recovery duration between concurrent training bouts. Results: An increase in high-speed running and distance covered >75% and >85% of maximal velocity had the greatest reductions on RT performance. In-season total distance covered displayed greater negative effects on subsequent RT performance compared with preseason, while ∼20-min recovery between skills/endurance and RT was associated with greater reductions in RT performance, compared with 1-, 2-, and 3-h recovery. Conclusions: Sport-specific endurance-running loads negatively affect subsequent same-day RT performance, and this effect is greater in-season and with shorter recovery durations between bouts.


2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Robinson Ramirez-Velez ◽  
...  

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Jairo Alejandro Fernandez Ortega ◽  
Luz Amelia Hoyos Cuartas

La realización de tareas diarias, como caminar, subir escaleras o levantar  objetos, requiere fuerza y potencia muscular. Las reducciones asociadas a la edad en la fuerza y la potencia pueden afectar la capacidad del  adulto mayor para  llevar a cabo este tipo de actividades. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar los efectos de dos tipos de entrenamiento en fuerza (PEF) de 16 semanas, uno realizado a alta velocidad (GAV), versus uno a baja velocidad (GBV), sobre, la fuerza y potencia máxima muscular, en un grupo de adultas mayores. Metodología: 86 mujeres con edades entre 60-81 años participaron de forma voluntaria en el estudio y fueron asignadas de forma aleatoria al GAV (Tres series a una velocidad de 0.60m/s, con pérdidas máxima del 10% de velocidad) o al GBV. (Tres series de 10 repeticiones al 70% de 1RM) Los grupos realizaron tres entrenamientos semanales. Antes y después del PE se evaluó: la fuerza máxima (1RM),  la potencia pico (Pp) y  la velocidad media propulsiva (VMP),  en extensión en piernas y de brazos, la fuerza prensil, la velocidad de la marcha (VM),  y la fuerza resistencia y agilidad (batería senior fitness test). Resultados: después del periodo de entrenamiento se observaron mejoras significativas (p <0.05) en todas las pruebas en los dos grupos. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos por el GAV fueron significativamente (p<0.05) superiores a los del GBV, en las pruebas de capacidad funcional, VM, VMP y Pp. En las pruebas de fuerza máxima y fuerza prensil las diferencias no fueron significativas. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en fuerza realizado a altas velocidades parece tener un mejor efecto en el fuerza resistencia y agilidad y en la potencia muscular, que el entrenamiento de fuerza realizado a baja velocidad.Abstract. Performing daily tasks, such as walking, climbing stairs or lifting objects, requires strength and muscular power. Age-related reductions in strength and potency may affect the ability of the elderly to carry out these types of activities. Objective: the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sixteen-week strength training program (PE) performed at high speed (GAV) versus a traditionally executed program (GBV), on functional performance, maximum strength, and muscle power in a group of elderly women. Methodology: 86 women aged between 60-81 years old participated voluntarily in the study and were assigned randomly to the GAV (three series at 0.60m/s speed, with maximum losses of 10% speed) or to the GBV (three series with three sets at 70% of 1RM). Both groups performed three weekly training sessions. The maximum strength of upper and lower limbs (1RM), prehensile strength, walking speed, maximum power, mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and functional performance (senior fitness test) were evaluated before and after the PE. Results: significant improvements were observed (p<0.05) in all the tests in the two groups after the twelve weeks of training. However, the results of GAV were significantly (p <0.05) higher than those of GBV regarding agility and dynamic equilibrium, stationary walking, sitting and standing, walking speed over 4 and 6 meters/hour, MPV, and peak power. The differences were not significant in the tests of maximum strength and prehensile force. Conclusion: Strength training performed at high speed seems to have a better effect on functional performance and muscle power than strength training performed at low speed.


2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hazell ◽  
Kenji Kenno ◽  
Jennifer Jakobi

Aging leads to significant losses in muscle mass, strength, and the ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL). Typically, standard resistance training (RT) has been used to reduce these losses in function by maintaining or even increasing muscle strength in older adults. Increasing strength does not necessarily, however, result in an increase in the ability to perform ADL. There is now research suggesting that muscle power is more closely associated with the performance of ADL than muscle strength is, so training for muscle power might lead to more beneficial results in functional performance. This review of studies investigating the effect of training on ADL performance in older adults indicated that standard RT is effective in increasing strength in older adults, but power training that contains high-velocity contractions might be a more optimal means of training older adults when the emphasis is on increasing the performance of ADL.


2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110152
Author(s):  
Itamar P. Vieira ◽  
Patrícia C. B. Lobo ◽  
James Fisher ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campilo ◽  
Gustavo D. Pimentel ◽  
...  

Background: The losses of strength, agility, balance, and functionality caused by aging are harmful to the elderly population. Resistance training (RT) may be an efficient tool to mitigate such neuromuscular decline and different RT methods can be used. Therefore, it is important to investigate the different responses to different training methods. Hypothesis: Eight weeks of traditional resistance training (TRT) are expected to promote similar results to high-speed training (HST) in physical functional performance (PFP) and quality of life in the elderly. Study Design: A clinical trial. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Participants (n = 24) with a mean age of 67.8 ± 6.3 years completed 8 weeks of RT. They were allocated into HST (n = 12) and TRT (n = 12). TRT involved training with 10 to 12 repetitions at controlled velocity until momentary muscle failure, while HST involved performing 6 to 8 repetitions at 40% to 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) at maximum velocity. Pre- and posttraining, the participants were tested for (1) maximum strength in the 45° leg press and chest press; (2) PFP in the 30-second chair stand, timed-up-and-go (TUG), and medicine ball throw test; and (3) quality of life. Results: Both groups improved muscle strength in the 45° leg press, with greater increases for TRT (HST: +21% vs TRT: +49%, P = 0.019). There was no change in chest press strength for HST (−0.6%) ( P = 0.61), but there was a significant increase for the TRT group (+21%, P = 0.001). There was a similar improvement ( P < 0.05) for both groups in TUG (HST: 7%; TRT: 10%), chair stand (HST: 18%; TRT: 21%), and medicine ball throwing performance (HST: 9%; TRT: 9%), with no difference between groups ( P = 0.08-0.94). Emotional aspect significantly increased by 20% ( P = 0.04) in HST and 50% ( P = 0.04) in TRT. Conclusion: Both TRT and HST are able to promote improvements in functional performance in the elderly with greater in strength gains for TRT. Therefore, exercise professionals could choose based on individual characteristics and preferences. Clinical Relevance: The findings provide important insights into how health care professionals can prescribe HST and TRT, considering efficiency, safety, and individual aspects.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Iva Obrusnikova ◽  
Albert R. Cavalier ◽  
Richard R. Suminski ◽  
Ashleigh E. Blair ◽  
Cora J. Firkin ◽  
...  

Adults with an intellectual disability have significantly lower levels of fitness compared with the general population. This study examined the effects of a 13-week theoretically guided, community-based, multicomponent resistance training intervention, resistance training for empowerment, on muscular strength and independent functional performance in 24 adults with an intellectual disability, aged 18–44 years. Twelve participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group and 12 to an active control group. An analysis of covariance revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater increases (p < .05) on the chest press and leg press one-repetition maximum tests and the 6-min walk test from the baseline to postintervention compared with the control group. The experimental group correctly and independently performed a significantly greater number of steps of resistance training exercise tasks than the control group. Marginal significance and large effect sizes were found for the prone plank test and the stair climb test. The resistance training for empowerment was effective in promoting muscular strength and independent functional performance among adults with an intellectual disability.


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