A Resistance Training Intervention for Adults With Intellectual Disability in the Community: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Iva Obrusnikova ◽  
Albert R. Cavalier ◽  
Richard R. Suminski ◽  
Ashleigh E. Blair ◽  
Cora J. Firkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Exercise ◽  
Experimental Group

Adults with an intellectual disability have significantly lower levels of fitness compared with the general population. This study examined the effects of a 13-week theoretically guided, community-based, multicomponent resistance training intervention, resistance training for empowerment, on muscular strength and independent functional performance in 24 adults with an intellectual disability, aged 18–44 years. Twelve participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group and 12 to an active control group. An analysis of covariance revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater increases (p < .05) on the chest press and leg press one-repetition maximum tests and the 6-min walk test from the baseline to postintervention compared with the control group. The experimental group correctly and independently performed a significantly greater number of steps of resistance training exercise tasks than the control group. Marginal significance and large effect sizes were found for the prone plank test and the stair climb test. The resistance training for empowerment was effective in promoting muscular strength and independent functional performance among adults with an intellectual disability.

Effects of a Community-Based Familiarization Intervention on Independent Performance of Resistance-Training Exercise Tasks by Adults With Intellectual Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Iva Obrusnikova ◽  
Albert R. Cavalier ◽  
Haley M. Novak ◽  
Ashleigh E. Blair-McKinsey ◽  
Rick R. Suminski
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Training Exercise ◽  
Activity Schedule ◽  
Resistance Training Exercise ◽  
Community Fitness ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have significantly lower levels of fitness compared to the general population. The study examined the effects of a multicomponent familiarization intervention, consisting of a visual activity schedule and a video-enhanced system of least-to-most prompting, both displayed via an iPad, on the acquisition of resistance-training exercise tasks by adults with ID, aged 18–44 years, in a community fitness center. Twelve participants were randomly allocated to an experimental group (EG) and 12 to an active control group (CG). ANOVA revealed EG correctly and independently performed a significantly greater number of steps of four resistance-training exercise tasks compared with CG, relative to preintervention levels (p &lt; .01). The intervention was effective in promoting functional performance of resistance-training exercise tasks among adults with ID.

Outcomes of Community-Based Youth Empowerment Programs Adopting Design Thinking: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973152110014
Author(s):  
Siu-ming To ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Creative Self ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: Using a nonrandomized control group pretest–posttest assessment, this study aimed to examine the outcomes of community-based youth empowerment initiatives that were informed by design thinking. Method: A total of 553 youth living in Hong Kong were recruited to participate in this study. Among them, 213 youth self-selected to join the experimental group, and 340 youth joined the two control groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance and post hoc group comparisons were used to examine the differences among the three groups at the posttest assessment. Results: The results indicate a positive improvement in creative self-efficacy among participants of the experimental group compared to the two control groups. Significant differences were also found between the experimental group and the second control group in terms of youth–adult partnerships and youth empowerment in the community. Conclusion: Youth empowerment programs informed by design thinking may reinforce self-efficacy beliefs by encouraging youth to bring about innovations in their community.

Effects of Theraband and Lightweight Dumbbell Training on Shoulder Rotation Torque and Serve Performance in College Tennis Players

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Treiber ◽  
Jason Lott ◽  
Jewell Duncan ◽  
Greg Slavens ◽  
Harry Davis
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
College Level ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 4-week isotonic resistance training program using Theraband elastic tubing and lightweight dumbbells would significantly increase concentric shoulder rotator strength or velocity of serve or both in a group of elite-level tennis players. Twenty-two male and female varsity college tennis players were randomly assigned to control or 4-week training groups. Subjects were pre- and posttested in concentric internal and external rotation torque using an isokinetic dynamometer. Functional performance was assessed before and after training by recording the peak and average velocities of eight maximal serves. The experimental group exhibited significant gains in internal rotation torque at both slow (120 deg/sec) and fast speeds (300 deg/sec) for total work and in peak torque to body weight ratio and torque acceleration energy at the fast speed. This group also exhibited significant gains in external rotation torque for the same parameters at fast speed. Regarding speed of serve, the experimental group exhibited significantly greater increase in peak speed ( 6.0% compared with 1.8%) and average speed ( 7.9% compared with 2.3%) compared with the control group. Men exhibited greater internal and external rotation torque on all parameters and in peak and mean speed of serve on both evaluations. Men also exhibited greater imbalance in external to internal rotation torque ratios. In conclusion, resistance training using Theraband tubing and lightweight dumbbells may have beneficial effects on strength and functional performance in college-level tennis players.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Native Training Model Designed Based on Lazarus Theory and Behavioral Planning Theory in the Consolidation of Family Functioning: A case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jallal Iranizadeh ◽  
Hassan Zarei Mahmoodabadi ◽  
Saeed Vaziri ◽  
Seyed Alireza Afshani
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: Recently, consolidation of family functioning is considered as one of the most important solutions for elevating and strengthening marital life. Therefore, benefiting from family strengthening approaches is so truly significant. This research aims at investigating the effectiveness of the native model based on Lazarus theory and behavioral planning theory on the consolidation of family functioning. Method: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The population includes all the couples referring to counseling and psychotherapy centers of Yazd Province, in Iran, 2019. Purposive sampling was used to select 34 couples who have the inclusion criteria, and they were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The couples answered the family consolidation questionnaire designed by Movahed et al. The experimental group received 11 sessions of interventions extracted from the localized Lazarus model and behavioral planning theory. Finally, data analysis was done by SPSS version 16 and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level of research was considered to be α=0.05 Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the estimated mean score of the family consolidation in the experimental and control groups. Also, the findings suggest that compared with the control group, the posttest scores of the performance, problem-solving, relationship, emotional involvement, emotional support, role play, behavioral control, media, and superstition have been improved in the experimental group. This significant difference results from the training intervention. However, the variable of religious beliefs has not changed significantly. Conclusion: The training intervention done by the model has developed based on Lazarus theory and behavioral planning theory which can consolidate the family functioning.

scholarly journals Comparison of Resistance Training and Plyometric Training for the Development of Speed of the Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Sandip Sankar Ghosh ◽  
Raju Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Plyometric Training (PT) and Resistance Training (RT) for improving speed ability of the Athletes. Total thirty six (N = 36) district level athletes were randomly selected. All the subjects were divided into three equal groups: i) Resistance Training Group (RTG) as Experimental Group-I, ii) Plyometric Training Group (PTG) as Experimental Group-II and iii) Control Group (CG). Experimental group-I underwent resistance training whereas experimental group-II underwent plyometric training for eight weeks. But the control group did not involve in any of the above treatments. In the present study speed ability was measured through 60 yard dash. To draw the statistical inference analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used followed by Tukey’s LSD test as post hoc test. Both RTG and PTG improved significantly with respect to the CG in speed ability. Significant difference was also observed between RTG and PTG in speed ability. It was also confirmed that the PTG improved better than the RTG in speed ability. From the above findings it can be concluded that PT is more effective training means than RT to improve the speed ability of the athlete.

scholarly journals Effects of circuit-type resistance training on industrial opiate induced neurotransmitter disruption and performance changes of previously addicted men

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Seyedeh Shiva Dadvand
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

SummaryStudy aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week circuit-type resistance training program on performance changes and neurotransmitter disruptions induced by industrial opiate in previously addicted men.Materials and methods: Thirty industrial opiate addicted men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15). The subjects in the experimental group performed circuit-type resistance training for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, with 40–75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), while the control group did not perform any training. Before and after the training period muscular strength (1RM of bench press) and muscle endurance (sit-ups), flexibility (sit-and-reach), body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and cardio-respiratory endurance were measured. In addition, blood samples were drawn 24 h before and after 8 weeks of training to analyze serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins.Results: In this study, 8 weeks of circuit-type resistance training led to significantly higher serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins, cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance in the experimental group compared to controls (P < 0.05), while flexibility, body fat percentage and WHR did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, circuit resistance training can improve the serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins, as well as indicators of health-related performance previously industrial opiate addicted men.

The effectiveness of positive training on happiness, aggression and hope in adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh . Shamkhani ◽  
Ali . Khalafi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Period Measurement

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive learning on happiness, Aggression and hope for adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method. 15 subjects in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were randomly assigned. The experimental design was a pre-test-post-test type with control group and follow-up period. Measurement tools included Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, 1989); Ahwaz's Aggression Questionnaire (Zahedifar, Najarian, and Shokrkon, 2000); Hope Scale (Schneider, 1991). To run, at first, the pre-test was taken from both groups. Then, the experimental group was trained in 14 sessions of 90 minutes, and after each group, they were subjected to post-test. And one month later, the follow-up process was completed. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that positive attitudes toward happiness, aggressiveness and hopefulness of adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz were effective.

scholarly journals Physical Computing Strategy to Support Students’ Coding Literacy: An Educational Experiment with Arduino Boards

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Chih-Chao Chung ◽  
Shi-Jer Lou
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Physical Computing ◽  
Technical High School ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of introduction of the physical computing strategy of Arduino Boards in a program design course on coding literacy and the effectiveness of the application in technical high school students. This study selected two classes of twelfth-grade students enrolled in a program design course at a technical high school in Southern Taiwan as the samples. One class was the control group (43 students), and the other was the experimental group (42 students). During the 18-week course, the control group carried out a DBL (design-based learning) programming project, and the experimental group carried out the DBL programming project using the physical computing strategy of Arduino boards. Pre- and posttests and a questionnaire survey were carried out, while ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used for evaluation purposes. In the course, students in the experimental group were randomly selected for semi-structured interviews to understand their learning status and to perform qualitative analysis and summarization. This study proposed the physical computing strategy of Arduino boards, featuring staged teaching content, practical teaching activities, and real themes and problem-solving tasks. The results show that the coding literacy of students in the different teaching strategy groups was significantly improved. However, in the Arduino course on DBL programming, the students in the experimental group had a significantly higher learning efficiency in coding literacy than those in the control group. Moreover, according to the qualitative analysis using student interviews, Arduino boards were found to improve students’ motivation to learn coding and to aid in systematically guiding students toward improving their coding literacy by combining their learning with DBL theory. Thus, Arduino technology can be effectively used to improve students’ programming abilities and their operational thinking in practically applying programming theories.

scholarly journals Does Motor Training of the Nonparetic Side Influences Balance and Function in Chronic Stroke? A Pilot RCT

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pandian ◽  
Kamal Narayan Arya ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Balance and functional abilities are controlled by both sides of the body. The role of nonparetic side has never been explored for such skills.Objective. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of a motor therapy program primarily involving the nonparetic side on balance and function in chronic stroke.Method. A randomized controlled, double blinded trial was conducted on 39 poststroke hemiparetic subjects (21, men; mean age, 42 years; mean poststroke duration, 13 months). They were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=20)and control group(n=19). The participants received either motor therapy focusing on the nonparetic side along with the conventional program or conventional program alone for 8 weeks (3 session/week, 60 minutes each). The balance ability was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT) while the functional performance was measured by Barthel Index (BI).Result. After intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant(P<0.05)change on BBS (5.65 versus 2.52) and BI (12.75 versus 2.16) scores in comparison to the control group.Conclusion. The motor therapy program incorporating the nonparetic side along with the affected side was found to be effective in enhancing balance and function in stroke.

A Controlled Trial of Home-Based Acute Psychiatric Services

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Alan Beadsmoore ◽  
Ashok V. Bhat ◽  
Andrew Oliver ◽  
Carola Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

While research has shown community-based psychiatric care to be as good as, or better than, hospital-based care, generalisation to clinical practice has been difficult. This prospective, randomised controlled study examined a community-based approach feasible within NHS conditions. Ninety-four patients were randomly allocated to experimental and 78 to control treatments and followed for one year. The groups were well matched apart from an excess of psychotic control patients. No differences in clinical or social functioning outcome were found. Both groups improved substantially on clinical measures in the first six weeks, with some slow consolidation thereafter. There were three suicides in the control group and one in the experimental group. Access to care was better in the experimental group (93% attended assessment) than in the control group (75% attended assessment).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document