Reaction Time, Strength, and Physical Activity in Women Aged 20–89 Years

The purposes of this study were to investigate the rate of change with age of simple lower-limb reaction time (RT) in women and determine the relationship among RT. strength, and physical activity. Independent, community-dwelling women aged 20–89 years (N = 217) were assessed for knee-extension RT, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors (KE), and physical activity level. Trend analysis by ANOVA and regression analysis on RT were performed. Lower-limb RT increased and KE strength and physical activity level decreased linearly across age groups (p < .001). Active women had faster RTs than those of inactive women of the same age (p < .01). From multiple-regression analysis on RT, only 1 predictor variable. KE strength, emerged. Stronger women had faster RTs than those of weaker women (p < .0001), regardless of age and physical activity. Although RT was slower in older women, higher levels of strength and physical activity were associated with faster RTs in this group.

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Effects of Sex and Physical Activity Level on Serum Biomarker-Based Physiological Dysregulation: The Impact to Predict Frailty and Mortality in the Quebec NuAge Cohort

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000514169 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ahmed Ghachem ◽

Frédérik Dufour ◽

Tamas Fülöp ◽

Pierrette Gaudreau ◽

Alan A. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Oxygen Transport ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Activity Level ◽

Men And Women ◽

Physiological Dysregulation ◽

The Impact

Background: Age-related changes in biological processes such as physiological dysregulation (the progressive loss of homeostatic capacity) vary considerably among older adults and may influence health profiles in late life. These differences could be related, at least in part, to the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex and physical activity level (PAL). Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the magnitude and rate of changes in physiological dysregulation in men and women according to PAL and (2) to determine whether/how sex and PAL mediate the apparent influence of physiological dysregulation on health outcomes (frailty and mortality). Methods: We used data on 1,754 community-dwelling older adults (age = 74.4 ± 4.2 years; women = 52.4%) of the Quebec NuAge cohort study. Physiological dysregulation was calculated based on Mahalanobis distance of 31 biomarkers regrouped into 5 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, leukopoiesis, micronutrients, and lipids. Results: As expected, mean physiological dysregulation significantly increased with age while PAL decreased. For the same age and PAL, men showed higher levels of physiological dysregulation globally in 3 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, and leukopoiesis. Men also showed faster global physiological dysregulation in the liver/kidney and leukopoiesis systems. Overall, high PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation. Finally, while mortality and frailty risk significantly increased with physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes and PAL. Conclusion: Our results showed that both sex and PAL have a significant effect on physiological dysregulation levels and rates of change. Also, although a higher PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence that PAL attenuates the effect of physiological dysregulation on subsequent declines in health at the end of life. Substantial work remains to understand how modifiable behaviors impact the relationship between physiological dysregulation, frailty, and mortality in men and women.

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Physical Activity Level and Adiposity in Community-dwelling People with Spinal Cord Injury

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000402926.37380.b7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Ricardo A. Tanhoffer ◽

Aldre I. P. Tanhoffer ◽

Jacqueline Raymond ◽

Andrew P. Hills ◽

Glen M. Davis

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cord Injury

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Maintaining Physical Activity Level Through Team-Based Walking With a Mobile Health Intervention: Cross-Sectional Observational Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16159 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuri Hamamatsu ◽

Hiroo Ide ◽

Michiru Kakinuma ◽

Yuji Furui

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

Team Size ◽

Team Members ◽

Team Characteristics ◽

The Difference

BACKGROUND The health conditions of Japanese salespersons may be adversely affected by their lifestyle. Face-to-face or on-site health interventions are not convenient for salespersons because of their tendency for out-of-office sales. Previous studies showed that mobile health (mHealth) interventions (compared to usual practice) have great potential to promote physical activity. For Japanese salespersons, mHealth can offer additional convenience to change their physical activity habits because they can access the mHealth contents anytime and anywhere. However, the specific elements that are most important to maintain physical activity levels using an mHealth approach remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify elements that account for both a high average physical activity level and can help to prevent a decrease in physical activity during a 9-week intervention period. METHODS Salespersons were recruited from 11 Japanese companies. A team-based walking intervention was held from October to December 2018 (for a total of 9 weeks), during which the walking step data were recorded by smartphone apps. Average walking steps of each participant during the intervention and the difference in walking steps between the initial and the final week were respectively used as dependent variables. The effects of team characteristics (ie, frequency of communication with team members and team size) and behavioral characteristics (ie, number of days with recorded steps on the apps) on the average walking steps, and the difference in walking steps between the initial and the final week were estimated using multiple and multilevel regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 416 participants, walking step data of 203 participants who completed postintervention assessments were included in the analyses. Multiple regression analysis of the average walking steps showed that the number of days with recorded steps was positively correlated with the log-transformed average walking steps (β=.01, P<.001). Multilevel analysis of the average walking steps considering the company level estimated that the intraclass correlation coefficient was 37%. This means that belonging to the same company largely affected an individual’s average walking steps. Multiple regression analysis of the difference in walking steps showed that communication with team members once or twice a week correlated with preventing a decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week (β=1539.4, P=.03), and being on a larger team correlated with a decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week (β=–328.4, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the elements accounting for high average walking steps and those preventing the decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week differed. Behavioral characteristics correlated positively with average walking steps. Team characteristics (ie, regular communication and a smaller team size) significantly correlated with preventing a decrease in walking steps.

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Cerebral Oxygenation Reserve: The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and the Cognitive Load During a Stroop Task in Healthy Young Males

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roman Goenarjo ◽

Laurent Bosquet ◽

Nicolas Berryman ◽

Valentine Metier ◽

Anaick Perrochon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

World Health ◽

Young Males ◽

Executive Performance ◽

Switching Condition ◽

The Right

Introduction: Many studies have reported that regular physical activity is positively associated with cognitive performance and more selectively with executive functions. However, some studies reported that the association of physical activity on executive performance in younger adults was not as clearly established when compared to studies with older adults. Among the many physiological mechanisms that may influence cognitive functioning, prefrontal (PFC) oxygenation seems to play a major role. The aim of the current study was to assess whether executive function and prefrontal oxygenation are dependent on physical activity levels (active versus inactive) in healthy young males. Methods: Fifty-six healthy young males (22.1 ± 2.4 years) were classified as active (n = 26) or inactive (n = 30) according to the recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) and using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Bilateral PFC oxygenation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a computerized Stroop task (which included naming, inhibition, and switching conditions). Accuracy (% of correct responses) and reaction times (ms) were used as behavioural indicators of cognitive performances. Changes in oxygenated (∆HbO2) and deoxygenated (∆HHb) hemoglobin were measured to capture neural changes. Several two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (Physical activity level x Stroop conditions) were performed to test the null hypothesis of an absence of interaction between physical activity level and executive performance in prefrontal oxygenation. Results: The analysis revealed an interaction between physical activity level and Stroop conditions on reaction time (p = 0.04; ES = 0.7) in which physical activity level had a moderate effect on reaction time in the switching condition (p = 0.02; ES = 0.8) but not in naming and inhibition conditions. At the neural level, a significant interaction between physical activity level and prefrontal oxygenation was found. Physical activity level had a large effect on ΔHbO2 in the switching condition in the right PFC (p = 0.04; ES = 0.8) and left PFC (p = 0.02; ES = 0.96), but not in other conditions. A large physical activity level effect was also found on ΔHHb in the inhibition condition in the right PFC (p < 0.01; ES = 0.9), but not in the left PFC or other conditions. Conclusion: The results of this cross-sectional study indicate that active young males performed better in executive tasks than their inactive counterparts and had a larger change in oxygenation in the PFC during these most complex conditions.

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Functional Exercise Capacity, And The Association With Physical Activity Level, Lower-limb Function And Falls In Elderly Community Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000493359.68147.94 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Liliana Laura Rossetin ◽

Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes ◽

Elisângela Valevein Rodrigues ◽

Eduardo Luiz Wamser ◽

Caroline Pianaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Limb Function ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Falls In Elderly ◽

Lower Limb Function

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Visual–Somatosensory Integration is Linked to Physical Activity Level in Older Adults

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-00002470 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1-2) ◽

pp. 11-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽

Kristina Dumas ◽

Roee Holtzer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Activity Level ◽

Current Experiment ◽

Activity Scale ◽

Physical Activity Scale

Studies examining multisensory integration (MSI) in aging consistently demonstrate greater reaction time (RT) facilitation in old compared to young adults, but often fail to determine the utility of MSI. The aim of the current experiment was to further elucidate the utility of MSI in aging by determining its relationship to physical activity level. 147 non-demented older adults (mean age 77 years; 57% female) participated. Participants were instructed to make speeded responses to visual, somatosensory, and visual–somatosensory (VS) stimuli. Depending on the magnitude of the individuals’ RT facilitation, participants were classified into a MSI or NO MSI group. Physical activity was assessed using a validated physical activity scale. As predicted, RTs to VS stimuli were significantly shorter than those elicited to constituent unisensory conditions. Multisensory RT facilitation was a significant predictor of total number of physical activity days per month, with individuals in the NO MSI group reporting greater engagement in physical activities compared to those requiring greater RT facilitation.

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Maintaining Physical Activity Level Through Team-Based Walking With a Mobile Health Intervention: Cross-Sectional Observational Study

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/16159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e16159

Author(s):

Yuri Hamamatsu ◽

Hiroo Ide ◽

Michiru Kakinuma ◽

Yuji Furui

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Mobile Health ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Activity Level ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

Team Size ◽

Team Members ◽

Team Characteristics ◽

The Difference

Background The health conditions of Japanese salespersons may be adversely affected by their lifestyle. Face-to-face or on-site health interventions are not convenient for salespersons because of their tendency for out-of-office sales. Previous studies showed that mobile health (mHealth) interventions (compared to usual practice) have great potential to promote physical activity. For Japanese salespersons, mHealth can offer additional convenience to change their physical activity habits because they can access the mHealth contents anytime and anywhere. However, the specific elements that are most important to maintain physical activity levels using an mHealth approach remain unclear. Objective We aimed to identify elements that account for both a high average physical activity level and can help to prevent a decrease in physical activity during a 9-week intervention period. Methods Salespersons were recruited from 11 Japanese companies. A team-based walking intervention was held from October to December 2018 (for a total of 9 weeks), during which the walking step data were recorded by smartphone apps. Average walking steps of each participant during the intervention and the difference in walking steps between the initial and the final week were respectively used as dependent variables. The effects of team characteristics (ie, frequency of communication with team members and team size) and behavioral characteristics (ie, number of days with recorded steps on the apps) on the average walking steps, and the difference in walking steps between the initial and the final week were estimated using multiple and multilevel regression analyses. Results Of the 416 participants, walking step data of 203 participants who completed postintervention assessments were included in the analyses. Multiple regression analysis of the average walking steps showed that the number of days with recorded steps was positively correlated with the log-transformed average walking steps (β=.01, P<.001). Multilevel analysis of the average walking steps considering the company level estimated that the intraclass correlation coefficient was 37%. This means that belonging to the same company largely affected an individual’s average walking steps. Multiple regression analysis of the difference in walking steps showed that communication with team members once or twice a week correlated with preventing a decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week (β=1539.4, P=.03), and being on a larger team correlated with a decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week (β=–328.4, P=.01). Conclusions This study showed that the elements accounting for high average walking steps and those preventing the decrease in walking steps from the initial to the final week differed. Behavioral characteristics correlated positively with average walking steps. Team characteristics (ie, regular communication and a smaller team size) significantly correlated with preventing a decrease in walking steps.

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PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND HIGH SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST IN ELDERLY

Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre o Envelhecimento ◽

10.22456/2316-2171.98245 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Dos Santos ◽

Luciano Alves da Cruz Junior ◽

Luara Costa Fagunde ◽

Jessica Meira Mendes ◽

Thais Alves Brito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽

Physical Activity Levels

During aging, an increase in sedentary behaviour and a decrease in physical activity levels are observed. These factors may increase abdominal adiposity and triglyceride levels, which characterizes the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype, providing a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist, physical activity level and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling elderly. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 316 elderlies (≥ 60 years) of both genders. The hypertriglyceridemic waist was diagnosed using high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) and increased waist circumference ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm values for women and men, respectively. The physical activity level and sedentary behaviour were evaluated using the IPAQ. The study included 173 women (54.7%) and 143 men (45.3%), with a mean age of 74.2 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of HW was 27.1%, 47.7% insufficiently active and 24.1% high sedentary behaviour. The insufficiently active elderly (OR= 2.48; 95% CI: 1.31 - 4.71; p= 0.005) and with high sedentary behaviour (OR= 2.21; 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.32; p= 0.038) were associated positively with HW, indicating that elderly with insufficient physical activity levels and high sedentary behaviour showed themselves to approximately 2.5 and 2.2 times more likely to develop HW, respectively. Low physical activity level and high sedentary behaviour are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in community-dwelling elderly.

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Physical activity level and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.29.1121 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 1121-1124 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sok Teng Low ◽

Thirumalaya Balaraman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Fractionated Reaction Time in Women as a Function of Age and Physical Activity Level

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.4.1.14 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Priscilla Gilliam MacRae ◽

Celee Morris ◽

Cheok Y. Lee ◽

Karen Crum ◽

Dale Giessman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Older Women ◽

Choice Reaction Time ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Elbow Flexion ◽

Activity Level ◽

Central Processing ◽

History Of ◽

Flexion And Extension

Comparisons between young and older women runners and sedentary controls were examined on simple and choice reaction time tasks involving elbow flexion and extension. Reaction time was fractionated into premotor and contractile components using electromyography. Young runners were significantly faster and the older controls were significantly slower than all other groups on all reaction time tasks. The older runners were not significantly different from the young controls in any of the reaction time tasks, thus indicating that a history of running may eliminate or retard the slowing of reaction time that normally accompanies aging. All four groups had similar contractile times, indicating that the differences in reaction time were attributed to central processing in the premotor component of reaction time.

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