scholarly journals Cerebral Oxygenation Reserve: The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and the Cognitive Load During a Stroop Task in Healthy Young Males

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Goenarjo ◽  
Laurent Bosquet ◽  
Nicolas Berryman ◽  
Valentine Metier ◽  
Anaick Perrochon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Executive Performance ◽  
Switching Condition ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Many studies have reported that regular physical activity is positively associated with cognitive performance and more selectively with executive functions. However, some studies reported that the association of physical activity on executive performance in younger adults was not as clearly established when compared to studies with older adults. Among the many physiological mechanisms that may influence cognitive functioning, prefrontal (PFC) oxygenation seems to play a major role. The aim of the current study was to assess whether executive function and prefrontal oxygenation are dependent on physical activity levels (active versus inactive) in healthy young males. Methods: Fifty-six healthy young males (22.1 ± 2.4 years) were classified as active (n = 26) or inactive (n = 30) according to the recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) and using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Bilateral PFC oxygenation was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a computerized Stroop task (which included naming, inhibition, and switching conditions). Accuracy (% of correct responses) and reaction times (ms) were used as behavioural indicators of cognitive performances. Changes in oxygenated (∆HbO2) and deoxygenated (∆HHb) hemoglobin were measured to capture neural changes. Several two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (Physical activity level x Stroop conditions) were performed to test the null hypothesis of an absence of interaction between physical activity level and executive performance in prefrontal oxygenation. Results: The analysis revealed an interaction between physical activity level and Stroop conditions on reaction time (p = 0.04; ES = 0.7) in which physical activity level had a moderate effect on reaction time in the switching condition (p = 0.02; ES = 0.8) but not in naming and inhibition conditions. At the neural level, a significant interaction between physical activity level and prefrontal oxygenation was found. Physical activity level had a large effect on ΔHbO2 in the switching condition in the right PFC (p = 0.04; ES = 0.8) and left PFC (p = 0.02; ES = 0.96), but not in other conditions. A large physical activity level effect was also found on ΔHHb in the inhibition condition in the right PFC (p < 0.01; ES = 0.9), but not in the left PFC or other conditions. Conclusion: The results of this cross-sectional study indicate that active young males performed better in executive tasks than their inactive counterparts and had a larger change in oxygenation in the PFC during these most complex conditions.

Reaction Time, Strength, and Physical Activity in Women Aged 20–89 Years

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Hunter ◽  
Martin W. Thompson ◽  
Roger D. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Knee Extensors

The purposes of this study were to investigate the rate of change with age of simple lower-limb reaction time (RT) in women and determine the relationship among RT. strength, and physical activity. Independent, community-dwelling women aged 20–89 years (N = 217) were assessed for knee-extension RT, maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors (KE), and physical activity level. Trend analysis by ANOVA and regression analysis on RT were performed. Lower-limb RT increased and KE strength and physical activity level decreased linearly across age groups (p < .001). Active women had faster RTs than those of inactive women of the same age (p < .01). From multiple-regression analysis on RT, only 1 predictor variable. KE strength, emerged. Stronger women had faster RTs than those of weaker women (p < .0001), regardless of age and physical activity. Although RT was slower in older women, higher levels of strength and physical activity were associated with faster RTs in this group.

Pain threshold of low back in patients with diversified level of physical activity without pain symptoms

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Żywień ◽  
Tomasz Sipko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
The Right

AbstractProfessional work in a sitting position and the low level of physical activity could be an important cause of overload symptoms formation in the lumbar spine.Objective of the work: The evaluation quantity of the low back pain threshold in patients without pain symptoms, with diversified level of physical activity.The research was conducted in group 40 subjects at the age of 20 to 25, IT specialists and physiotherapists. The participants could participate in the study under the condition that they have never had low back pain before. Patients from the experimental group were divided into 3 categories: active (13 patients), minimally active (18 patients) and inactive (9 patients). The division was made on the basis of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form. The pain threshold was determined by an algometer, every time, on both sides of the spine at the level of L3 and in neutral point on hand, the test was performed twice.Analysis of variance ANOVA showed a main effect of level of physical activity for the pain threshold results on the pine left (F = 8.01; p < 0.05) and right site (F = 9.77; p < 0.05). There has not been demonstrated such effect for the pain threshold results around hand (F = 0.62, p > 0.05).Lower quantity of low back pain threshold occurs in the patients with inactive and minimal active declared physical activity level. This indicates the need of low back pain prevention, which could be achieved by increasing physical activity level. The people without pain symptoms do not show asymmetry of the pain threshold between the right and the left side.

scholarly journals Quality of Life with Respect to Physical Activity Level in the Unemployed

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219
Author(s):  
Daniel Puciato ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz ◽  
Michał Rozpara
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
The Unemployed

Sustainable development is related to the quality of life of individuals and societies. The unemployed have limited opportunities for sustainable individual development. Their life quality conditions remain unclear. The study aim was to assess the relationship between life quality and physical activity level of the unemployed. The research was performed in 2014 and 2015 in Wrocław, Poland, among 403 unemployed persons. The participants’ quality of life was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Most respondents evaluated their general life quality as ≤3 points in the scale of 1–5. The assessments were highest in the social and psychological domains and lowest in the physical and environmental domains. Significant relationships were observed between general life quality and physical activity level. Subjects with the minimum physical activity level recommended by WHO presented higher life quality assessments in the psychological and social domains. Unemployed people with physical activity levels optimal for health benefit evaluated their life quality in the psychological domain worse than people with physical activity below WHO recommendations. Comprehensive health programs should be addressed to the unemployed, including systematic physical activities as health training, which would improve their life quality and promote sustainable individual development.

scholarly journals Visual–Somatosensory Integration is Linked to Physical Activity Level in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette R. Mahoney ◽  
Kristina Dumas ◽  
Roee Holtzer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Physical Activity Scale

Studies examining multisensory integration (MSI) in aging consistently demonstrate greater reaction time (RT) facilitation in old compared to young adults, but often fail to determine the utility of MSI. The aim of the current experiment was to further elucidate the utility of MSI in aging by determining its relationship to physical activity level. 147 non-demented older adults (mean age 77 years; 57% female) participated. Participants were instructed to make speeded responses to visual, somatosensory, and visual–somatosensory (VS) stimuli. Depending on the magnitude of the individuals’ RT facilitation, participants were classified into a MSI or NO MSI group. Physical activity was assessed using a validated physical activity scale. As predicted, RTs to VS stimuli were significantly shorter than those elicited to constituent unisensory conditions. Multisensory RT facilitation was a significant predictor of total number of physical activity days per month, with individuals in the NO MSI group reporting greater engagement in physical activities compared to those requiring greater RT facilitation.

Fractionated Reaction Time in Women as a Function of Age and Physical Activity Level

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Gilliam MacRae ◽  
Celee Morris ◽  
Cheok Y. Lee ◽  
Karen Crum ◽  
Dale Giessman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Comparisons between young and older women runners and sedentary controls were examined on simple and choice reaction time tasks involving elbow flexion and extension. Reaction time was fractionated into premotor and contractile components using electromyography. Young runners were significantly faster and the older controls were significantly slower than all other groups on all reaction time tasks. The older runners were not significantly different from the young controls in any of the reaction time tasks, thus indicating that a history of running may eliminate or retard the slowing of reaction time that normally accompanies aging. All four groups had similar contractile times, indicating that the differences in reaction time were attributed to central processing in the premotor component of reaction time.

Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

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