Tone it Down: How Fitness Instructors’ Motivational Comments Shape Women’s Body Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Engeln ◽  
Margaret Shavlik ◽  
Colleen Daly
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
College Women ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Conditioning Group ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Body Surveillance ◽  
Group Fitness ◽  
Post Test

Two-hundred and three college women participated in a 16-minute strength and conditioning group fitness class. Participants were randomly assigned to a class that featured either appearance-focused motivational comments by the instructor (e.g., “Blast that cellulite!”) or function-focused comments (e.g., “Think of how strong you are getting!”). Body satisfaction from pre-test to post-test increased overall, but those in the function-focused (as opposed to appearance-focused) condition experienced a significantly greater increase in body satisfaction. A similar pattern was observed for positive affect. Additionally, those in the function-focused condition described the class in more positive terms and reported experiencing less body surveillance during the class. These findings are consistent with research suggesting that exercise can improve mood and body satisfaction, but also suggest that a more function-focused class can lead to even greater improvements. The motivational comments fitness instructors use may have a notable impact on women’s mood, body satisfaction, and body surveillance.

scholarly journals Sexual Objectification, Internalization, and College Women’s Depression: The Role of Shame

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Szymanski
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Women Clients ◽  
Body Surveillance ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Low Levels

This study examined potential mediators, a moderator, and a moderated mediation of the link between sexual objectification experiences and depression among 489 young adult college women. Findings from the mediation analyses revealed that sexual objectification was directly and indirectly related to depression via greater body surveillance and self-blame. Shame moderated the direct effect of sexual objectification on body surveillance. Sexual objectification predicted body surveillance for women with low but not high or moderate levels of shame. Shame also moderated the direct effect of sexual objectification on self-blame and provided support for moderated mediation via conditional process analyses. Sexual objectification predicted self-blame for women with high and moderate but not low levels of shame. The findings underscore the importance of attending to experiences of objectification when working with women clients presenting with depression and to help them lessen habitual body monitoring, blaming themselves for being sexually objectified, and feelings of shame.

Examining social physique anxiety and disordered eating in college women. The roles of social comparison and body surveillance

Appetite ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 796-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft ◽  
Megan B. Harney ◽  
Lisa M. Brownstone ◽  
M.K. Higgins ◽  
Anna M. Bardone-Cone
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
College Women ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Body Surveillance

Effects of Methadone Therapy on Changing of Positive and Negative Mood Affect in Addicted People

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S.J. Mosavi Amiri ◽  
A. Homayuoni ◽  
S. Soleimani Amiri ◽  
G.A. Nikpour ◽  
A. Khanmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Post Test

Aim:The study aimed to investigate effects of drug named methadone in treating of addicted on changing of positive and negative mood affect.Method:19 addicted people were randomly selected and before methadone therapy with a pretest, Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. One month later after methadone therapy, again Watson’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect (PANAS) was administered on them. PANAS assesses: Interest, Distress, Powerfulness, Fear, Enthusiasm, Proud, Agitation, Nervous, Panic. Data was analyzed with independent T test.Results:Findings showed significant differences between PANAS components. Methadone therapy increase interest, powerfulness, enthusiasm, proud, and decreased distress, agitation, panic. But there is not any differences between fear and nervous in pre and post test.Discussion:The findings indicated using methadone drug in addition to reduce physical symptoms can reduce significantly mental problems in addicted and can be regarded a proficient drug for treating of addiction.

Self-Compassionate Writing Exercises Increase College Women’s Body Satisfaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie G. Stern ◽  
Renee Engeln
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Sorority Women ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Writing Exercises

In three studies, we tested the effect of self-compassionate, body-compassionate, and body-functionality-focused writing exercises on college women’s body satisfaction. In Study 1, two hundred fifty-one undergraduate women completed one of the four letter-writing conditions: a general self-compassionate letter, a body-compassionate letter, a letter about body functionality, or a neutral writing task. In Study 2, two hundred forty undergraduate women completed one of the two compassion-focused conditions from Study 1, or one of the two new writing tasks that instructed participants to write either about their bodies or general selves, without any specific compassion cues. In both studies, participants in the compassion conditions reported significantly greater body satisfaction and positive affect relative to the neutral writing conditions. In Study 1, participants in the body-functionality condition also reported increased body satisfaction and positive affect relative to those in the neutral writing condition. Results for negative affect were inconclusive. In Study 3, the writing exercises were modified; we used an online format with 1,158 sorority women in the United States. Again, results indicated that both self-compassion-focused and body-functionality-focused writing led to higher body satisfaction and higher positive affect (relative to a control condition focused on writing about a recent, positive event); however, no effect on negative affect emerged. Clinicians, educators, and activists may consider using these types of compassionate or body-functionality-focused writing exercises as brief interventions for increasing body satisfaction in young women. Additional online materials for this article are available at https://osf.io/fvgcp

scholarly journals Examining an elaborated sociocultural model of disordered eating among college women: The roles of social comparison and body surveillance

Body Image ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft ◽  
Anna M. Bardone-Cone ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
College Women ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Surveillance ◽  
Sociocultural Model

Eating Motivations and Bulimic Behavior among College Women

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila McCormack ◽  
Roderick S. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
College Women ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Drinking Outcomes

Given observed correlations between certain types of motivations for alcohol use and problem-drinking outcomes, it was hypothesized that a similar pattern of eating motivations might predict bulimic eating behavior. For a sample of 161 college women, eating motivations which imply stress reduction or mood alteration correlated positively with bulimia as measured by the Bulimia Test.

scholarly journals Enacted Extraversion as a Well-Being Enhancing Strategy in Everyday Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack van Allen ◽  
Deanna Walker ◽  
Tamir Streiner ◽  
John M. Zelenski
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

Lab-based experiments and observational data have consistently shown that extraverted behavior is associated with elevated levels of positive affect. This association typically holds regardless of one’s dispositional level of trait extraversion, and individuals who enact extraverted behaviors in laboratory settings do not demonstrate costs associated with acting counter-dispositionally. Inspired by these findings, we sought to test the efficacy of week-long ‘enacted extraversion’ interventions. In three studies, participants engaged in fifteen minutes of assigned behaviors in their daily life for five consecutive days. Studies 1 and 2 compared the effect of adding more introverted or extraverted behavior (or a control task). Study 3 compared the effect of adding social extraverted behavior or non-social extraverted behavior (or a control task). We assessed positive affect and several indicators of well-being during pretest (day 1) and post-test (day 7), as well as ‘in-the-moment’ (days 2-6). Participants who engaged in extraverted behavior reported greater levels of positive affect ‘in-the-moment’ when compared to introverted and control behaviors. We did not observe strong evidence to suggest that this effect was more pronounced for dispositional extraverts. The current research explores the effects of extraverted behavior on other indicators of well-being and examines the effectiveness of acting extraverted (both socially and non-socially) as a well-being strategy.

Predictors of body satisfaction in college women

1993 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M Mortenson ◽  
Sharon L Hoerr ◽  
David M Garner
Keyword(s):  
College Women ◽  
Body Satisfaction
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