How Healthy is a Desire to be Fit and Strong? Drives for Thinness, Leanness, and Muscularity in Women in Weight Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Hartmann ◽  
Florian Steenbergen ◽  
Silja Vocks ◽  
Dirk Büsch ◽  
Manuel Waldorf
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Weight Trainers ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
Body Image Disorder ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
Disorder Prevention ◽  
Female Weight

Fitness training to attain the lean body ideal is becoming increasingly popular among women. However, it remains unclear how the drive for leanness (DL), as compared to the drives for thinness (DT) and muscularity (DM), relates to body image pathology and substance use in female weight-trainers. Participants (N = 168) completed a survey assessing DL, DT, DM, eating and body dysmorphic disorder pathology, and substance use. DT and DM were related to eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms (all r ≥ .29; all ps < .01), while DL only to the former (r = .19, p < .05). Supplement use was associated with DL and DM (r = .17 and .55; both p < .01) and pharmaceutical use with DT and DM (r ≥ .21; both p < .01). Female weight-trainers should not be neglected in body image disorder prevention, with a particular focus on DT and DM.

A Review of Body Image Influences on Men's Fitness Goals and Supplement Use

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. McCreary ◽  
Thomas B. Hildebrandt ◽  
Leslie J. Heinberg ◽  
Michael Boroughs ◽  
J. Kevin Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Body Image Disorders ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Men's fitness goals are influenced by the lens through which they view their bodies, which is different from the way women view their bodies. Their increased focus on a muscular, hairless body means that they exercise to enhance their physical bulk and are more likely to engage in depilatory behaviors. In addition, the drive for muscularity may be associated with an increased risk anabolic-androgenic steroids and other nutritional supplements whose utility not clearly demonstrated. In the extreme, the drive for muscularity may manifest itself as a form of body dysmorphic disorder referred to as muscle dysmorphia. However, not all men focus on their muscularity. Gay men are more likely than heterosexual men to experience a desire to be thin and are at greater risk for eating and body image disorders. These issues are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Body dysmorphic disorder in children and young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Chloe Watson ◽  
Sasha Ban
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Positive Body Image

The incidence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in young people is increasing. Causes of BDD are related to the prevalence of social media and adolescent development, especially the role that brain neuroplasticity has on influencing perception. There are long-term impacts of BDD, including depression and suicide. Prevention and promotion of positive body image are part of the nurse's role; treatment can prevent unnecessary aesthetic surgical interventions.

Body Schema and Body Image

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Neural Activities ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Influential Book ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Body schema refers to the system of sensory-motor functions that enables control of the position of body parts in space, without conscious awareness of those parts. Body image refers to a conscious representation of the way the body appears—a set of conscious perceptions, affective attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to one’s own bodily image. In 2005, Shaun Gallagher published an influential book entitled ‘How the Body Shapes the Mind’. This book not only defined both body schema (BS) and body image (BI), but also explored the complicated relationship between the two. The book also established the idea that there is a double dissociation, whereby body schema and body image refer to two different, but closely related, systems. Given that many kinds of pathological cases can be described in terms of body schema and body image (phantom limbs, asomatognosia, apraxia, schizophrenia, anorexia, depersonalization, and body dysmorphic disorder, among others), we might expect to find a growing consensus about these concepts and the relevant neural activities connected to these systems. Instead, an examination of the scientific literature reveals continued ambiguity and disagreement. This volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a lively and productive dialogue. It explores fundamental questions about the relationship between body schema and body image, and addresses ongoing debates about the role of the brain and the role of social and cultural factors in our understanding of embodiment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Rhinoplasty Candidates: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110565
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AlAwadh ◽  
Ahmad Bogari ◽  
Turki Azhar ◽  
Nada AlTaylouni ◽  
Naif AlSughier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Adequate Management

Objective Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) represents a bridge between the fields of psychiatry and cosmetic surgery. It is a psychiatric disorder involving altered body image and has been associated with cosmetic surgery. Many studies have investigated BDD following rhinoplasty. However, their findings were inconsistent, which prompted us to conduct this systematic review to obtain strong evidence about the prevalence of BDD among rhinoplasty candidates. Methods We searched the literature using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and others using keywords relevant to the study outcomes. We also manually examined the references of the included studies and relevant reviews to look for articles that might have been missed during the electronic search. Results Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified 7 other relevant articles; since they had been included in a review conducted in 2016, they were not included in the final list of articles. However, they were included in the discussion, and their findings have been compared with ours. The included articles resulted in a total sample of 712 rhinoplasty candidates. The estimated prevalence rates of BDD in these articles ranged from 22% to 52%, which was considered high by all the authors of the included studies. Conclusion The prevalence of BDD among rhinoplasty candidates is high, and adequate management and interventions are needed to reduce it.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Danyale McCurdy-McKinnon ◽  
Jamie D. Feusner
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Image Concern ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Visuospatial Processing

This chapter addresses the comorbid presentation of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and disordered eating. BDD affects approximately 2% of the population and involves perceived defects of appearance along with obsessive preoccupation and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors. The prevalence of comorbid BDD and eating disorders is high: Approximately one–third of those with BDD will have a comorbid eating disorder, and almost half of those with an eating disorder will have comorbid BDD. There are complicating diagnostic and treatment factors that arise when an individual experiences both. A core feature of these disorders is body image concern, which may be explained by both shared and unique aberrancies in visual and visuospatial processing that have neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding shared and unique pathophysiology may help inform and guide treatment, as well as open up lines of future research into their etiology.

Body Image Disturbance in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Phillips ◽  
Jennie M. Kim ◽  
James I. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Body Image Disturbance

Male Weight Trainers’ Body Dissatisfaction and Exercise Dependence: Mediating Role of Muscularity Drive

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2154
Author(s):  
Hong-Yu Liu ◽  
Chiu-Chen Chang ◽  
Diane L. Gill ◽  
Shu-Ching Wu ◽  
Frank J. H. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exercise Dependence ◽  
Drive For Muscularity ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Weight Trainers ◽  
Dependence Relationship ◽  
Southern City

In considering that body image-related perceptions may be associated with weight trainers’ exercise dependence, the purpose of this study was to examine the (a) relationship between body dissatisfaction and drive for muscularity and (b) drive for muscularity as a mediator of the body dissatisfaction–exercise dependence relationship. In sum, 278 male weight trainers ( Mage =29.03 years, SD = 7.83) residing in a southern city of Taiwan completed scales of body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, and exercise dependence. Pearson correlation analysis found that body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, and exercise dependence were all correlated. Further, the indirect mediation model with bootstrapping found that drive for muscularity partially mediated the body dissatisfaction–exercise dependence relationship (c path: β = .51, SE = 0.07, p=.001: c′ path: β = .13, SE = 0.80, p = .03). We concluded that male weight trainers’ body image-related perceptions influence exercise behavior and suggested that body image-related perceptions might be considered in studying exercise dependence.

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