Affective Outcomes in Competitive Youth Sport: The Influence of Intrapersonal and Socialization Factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Brustad
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Affective Outcomes ◽  
Parental Pressure ◽  
Competence Motivation

This study was designed to examine potential correlates of positive and negative affect experienced by young athletes during a competitive sport season. An index of both positive affect, season-long enjoyment, and negative affect, competitive trait anxiety (CTA) were included. The study was grounded within Harter's (1978, 1981a) theory of competence motivation. Male and female participants (N=207) in an agency-sponsored youth basketball league completed self-report measures of self-esteem, perceived basketball competence, intrinsic/extrinsic motivational orientation, perceived parental pressure, and frequency of performance and evaluative worries. Team win/loss records and estimates of each player's ability were obtained from the coaches. Multiple regression analyses revealed that for both boys and girls, greater enjoyment was predicted by high intrinsic motivation and low perceived parental pressure. High CTA was predicted for both boys and girls by low self-esteem. These findings are consistent with predictions stemming from competence motivation theory.

scholarly journals Autoestima, autocompasión y afecto positivo y negativo en víctimas y agresores de bullying: Estudio comparativo con medidas autoinformadas e informadas por pares

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Juan Múzquiz ◽  
Ana María Perez-García ◽  
José Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Bully Victims ◽  
Peer Report

Self-esteem, self-compassion and positive and negative affect in victims and bullies: A comparative study with self-report and peer-report measuresAbstract: Bullying is a prevalent problem with numerous negative consequences in psychological adjustment, especially for victims. However, most research on the topic is based on self-report measures subject to several biases and other limitations. The present study assessed self-esteem, positive and negative affect and self-compassion in 649 adolescents classified into victims, bullies, bully-victims and not involved students through peer- and self-report measures. Results showed that considering oneself a bully or a victim was associated with the psychological outcomes, being so in peer-report measures. Also, in selfreport measures, not involved participants showed higher levels of self-compassion than the other groups. The present research highlights the importance of including self-report and peer-report measures of bullying when studying the psychological adjustment of victims and bullies.Keywords: Self-compassion; bullying; self-esteem; adolescence; affect; self-report; peer-report.Resumen: El bullying es un problema altamente prevalente con numerosas consecuencias negativas sobre el ajuste psicológico, especialmente para las víctimas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones están basadas en autoinformes que están sujetos a diversos sesgos. La presente investigación evaluó la autoestima, el afecto positivo y negativo y la autocompasión de 649 adolescentes clasificados como víctimas, agresores, agresores-víctimas o no implicados utilizando medidas auto- y heteroinformadas por los compañeros. Los resultados mostraron que autorreconocerse como agresor o víctima guardó una asociación con las medidas de ajuste analizadas, más allá de serlo en las medidas heteroinformadas. En las medidas autoinformadas los participantes no implicados mostraron mayores niveles de autocompasión que los otros grupos. Se resalta la importancia de utilizar de manera conjunta medidas autoinformadas y heteroinformadas para estudiar variables relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico de víctimas y agresores.Palabras clave: Autocompasión; bullying; autoestima; adolescencia; afecto; autoinforme; informe de pares.

Neuroticism and Negative Affect Measures as Predictors of Psychological Distress

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim McLennan ◽  
Janice I. Buchanan ◽  
Glen W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Academic Year

In a year-long study, 106 students (78 women and 28 men, mean age 29 yr.) completed both a self-report Neuroticism and Extroversion inventory and a self-report positive and negative affect checklist at the beginning of an academic year. At the end of the academic year, prior to final examinations, they completed a self-rating scale for depression. The Neuroticism score was the only significant independent predictor of students' end-of-year levels of psychological distress.

scholarly journals Personal Relative Deprivation and Reward-Based Eating: Two Exploratory Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William John Skylark ◽  
Mitchell J. Callan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Parameter Estimate ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Larger Sample

Personal relative deprivation (PRD) is the belief that one is worse off than other people who are like oneself, in a way that seems unfair and which induces resentment. Previous work suggests that PRD may be associated with increased preference for energy dense/unhealthy foods, and more broadly that PRD entails an increased focus on gaining rewards even if these may come with longer-term costs. We report two studies that build on this research by examining the correlation between PRD and self-reported reward-based eating drives (RED). In both studies, higher PRD was associated with greater RED, whereas other indicators of objective and subjective status had little or no meaningful association with RED. RED was also positively associated with negative affect (examined in Study 1) and low self esteem (examined in Study 2), and negatively associated with age. In multiple regression analyses in which all predictors were entered simultaneously, negative affect, self esteem and age continued to predicted RED over and above the effects of other variables, but there was less indication that PRD provided unique predictive power; in Study 1, there was a modest positive effect of PRD but the 95\% CIs were quite wide and included zero; in Study 2, which used a larger sample and produced a more precise parameter estimate, there was a positive effect of PRD with 95\% CIs that just included zero when conventional OLS regression was used, and which just excluded zero when robust regression was used. Taken together, the data suggest an association between relative deprivation and reward-based eating which could form the basis for productive future inquiry.

scholarly journals Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Alexander Toet ◽  
Jan B. F. van Erp
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Affective Rating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Background: In this study we measured the affective appraisal of sounds and video clips using a newly developed graphical self-report tool: the EmojiGrid. The EmojiGrid is a square grid, labeled with emoji that express different degrees of valence and arousal. Users rate the valence and arousal of a given stimulus by simply clicking on the grid. Methods: In Experiment I, observers (N=150, 74 males, mean age=25.2±3.5) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 77 validated sound clips from nine different semantic categories, covering a large area of the affective space. In Experiment II, observers (N=60, 32 males, mean age=24.5±3.3) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 50 validated film fragments varying in positive and negative affect (20 positive, 20 negative, 10 neutral). Results: The results of this study show that for both sound and video, the agreement between the mean ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid and those obtained with an alternative and validated affective rating tool in previous studies in the literature, is excellent for valence and good for arousal. Our results also show the typical universal U-shaped relation between mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for affective sensory stimuli, both for sound and video. Conclusions: We conclude that the EmojiGrid can be used as an affective self-report tool for the assessment of sound and video-evoked emotions.

scholarly journals Passionate Thinkers Feel Better

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Oliver Dickhäuser
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Potential Mediator

The present study tested a possible explanation for the positive relationship between the motivation to engage in cognitive endeavors (need for cognition, NFC) and indicators of affective adjustment (e.g., higher self-esteem, lower depression) that has been demonstrated in previous studies. We suggest that dispositional self-control capacity mediates this relationship, since NFC has been found to be related to self-control capacity, and self-control capacity is crucial for adjustment. NFC, dispositional self-control capacity, self-esteem, habitual depressive mood, and tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner were measured among 150 university students via self-report. Regression analyses and Sobel tests revealed that self-control capacity was a potential mediator of the positive relationship between NFC and affective adjustment. The findings were robust in terms of social desirability.

scholarly journals Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Alexander Toet ◽  
Jan B. F. van Erp
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Affective Rating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Background: In this study we measured the affective appraisal of sounds and video clips using a newly developed graphical self-report tool: the EmojiGrid. The EmojiGrid is a square grid, labeled with emoji that express different degrees of valence and arousal. Users rate the valence and arousal of a given stimulus by simply clicking on the grid. Methods: In Experiment I, observers (N=150, 74 males, mean age=25.2±3.5) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 77 validated sound clips from nine different semantic categories, covering a large area of the affective space. In Experiment II, observers (N=60, 32 males, mean age=24.5±3.3) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 50 validated film fragments varying in positive and negative affect (20 positive, 20 negative, 10 neutral). Results: The results of this study show that for both sound and video, the agreement between the mean ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid and those obtained with an alternative and validated affective rating tool in previous studies in the literature, is excellent for valence and good for arousal. Our results also show the typical universal U-shaped relation between mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for affective sensory stimuli, both for sound and video. Conclusions: We conclude that the EmojiGrid can be used as an affective self-report tool for the assessment of sound and video-evoked emotions.

A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Quirin ◽  
Monika Wróbel ◽  
Andrea Norcini Pala ◽  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Jos Brosschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
Cultural Validation

Abstract. Self-report measures of affect come with a number of difficulties that can be circumvented by using indirect measurement procedures. The Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT) is a recently developed measure of automatic activation of representations of affective states and traits that draws on participants’ ratings of the extent to which nonsense words purportedly originating from an artificial language bear positive or negative meaning. Here we compared psychometric properties of this procedure across 10 countries and provide versions in corresponding languages (Chinese, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, and Spanish). The results suggest good reliability, metric invariance, and construct validity across countries and languages. The IPANAT thus turns out as a useful tool for the indirect assessment of affect in different languages and cultures.

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