Student (Dis)Engagement and Need-Supportive Teaching Behavior: A Multi-Informant and Multilevel Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Van den Berghe ◽  
Isabel B. Tallir ◽  
Greet Cardon ◽  
Nathalie Aelterman ◽  
Leen Haerens

Starting from self-determination theory, we explored whether student engagement/disengagement relates to teachers’ need support and whether this relationship is moderated by teachers’ causality orientations. A sample of 2004 students situated in 127 classes taught by 33 physical education teachers participated in the study. Both teachers and students reported on students’ (dis)engagement, allowing investigation of the proposed relationships both at the student and teacher level. Most of the variance in need support was at the student level, but there was also between-teacher and between-class variance in need support. Engagement related to more need support, but only at the student level. In total, few moderation effects were found. Teachers with a relatively low controlled orientation were more need supportive when perceiving their students as emotionally and behaviorally engaged. By making teachers aware of these dynamics, automatic responses to student engagement can be better thought out. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Author(s):  
Géraldine Escriva-Boulley ◽  
Emma Guillet-Descas ◽  
Nathalie Aelterman ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽  
Nele Van Doren ◽  
...  

Grounded in SDT, several studies have highlighted the role of teachers’ motivating and demotivating styles for students’ motivation, learning, and physical activity in physical education (PE). However, most of these studies focused on a restricted number of motivating strategies (e.g., offering choice) or dimensions (e.g., autonomy support). Recently, researchers have developed the Situations-in-School (i.e., SIS-Education) questionnaire, which allows one to gain a more integrative and fine-grained insight into teachers’ engagement in autonomy-support, structure, control, and chaos through a circular structure (i.e., a circumplex). Although teaching in PE resembles teaching in academic courses in many ways, some of the items of the original situation-based questionnaire (e.g., regarding homework) are irrelevant to the PE context. In the present study, we therefore sought to develop a modified, PE-friendly version of this earlier validated SIS-questionnaire—the SIS-PE. Findings in a sample of Belgian (N = 136) and French (N = 259) PE teachers, examined together and as independent samples, showed that the variation in PE teachers’ motivating styles in this adapted version is also best captured by a circumplex structure, with four overarching styles and eight subareas differing in their level of need support and directiveness. The SIS-PE possesses excellent convergent and concurrent validity. With the adaptations being successful, great opportunities for future research on PE teachers (de-)motivating styles are created.


1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine D. Ennis ◽  
Donetta J. Cothran ◽  
Keren S. Davidson ◽  
Susan J. Loftus ◽  
Lynn Owens ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to examine situational and personal contextual factors that teachers and students reported as enhancing or minimizing student engagement in urban high school physical education classes. In this ethnographic study, 21 physical education teachers and their students in six high schools were observed, and all teachers at six schools and 51 students at five schools were interviewed to examine their perspectives on physical education. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Findings suggested that students found some tasks to be embarrassing, boring, and irrelevant. Some students preferred to receive a failing grade rather than participate. All participants reported a sense of fear and alienation in the school or class environments. Students, however, described several teachers who created contexts of engagement in these schools. These teachers connected personally with students and worked to provide an innovative curriculum that students felt was relevant and worthwhile.


2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306-1318
Author(s):  
James W. Ball ◽  
Kimberly A. Maljak ◽  
Matthew R. Bice ◽  
Julia Valley ◽  
Thomas Parry

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Aelterman ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽  
Lynn Van den Berghe ◽  
Jotie De Meyer ◽  
Leen Haerens

The present intervention study examined whether physical education (PE) teachers can learn to make use of autonomy-supportive and structuring teaching strategies. In a sample of 39 teachers (31 men, M = 38.51 ± 10.44 years) and 669 students (424 boys, M = 14.58 ± 1.92 years), we investigated whether a professional development training grounded in self-determination theory led to changes in (a) teachers’ beliefs about the effectiveness and feasibility of autonomy-supportive and structuring strategies and (b) teachers’ in-class reliance on these strategies, as rated by teachers, external observers, and students. The intervention led to positive changes in teachers’ beliefs regarding both autonomy support and structure. As for teachers’ actual teaching behavior, the intervention was successful in increasing autonomy support according to students and external observers, while resulting in positive changes in teacher-reported structure. Implications for professional development and recommendations for future research are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Escriva-Boulley ◽  
Emma Guillet Descas ◽  
Nathalie Aelterman ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽  
Nele Van Doren ◽  
...  

Grounded in SDT, several studies have highlighted the role of teachers’ motivating and demoti-vating styles for students’ motivation, learning, and physical activity in physical education (PE). However, most of these studies focused on a restricted number of motivating strategies (e.g., of-fering choice) or dimensions (e.g., autonomy support). Recently, researchers have developed the Situation In School (i.e. SIS) questionnaire which allows to gain a more integrative and fine-grained insight in teachers’ engagement in autonomy-support, structure, control and chaos through a circular structure (i.e., a circumplex). Although teaching in PE resembles teaching in academic courses in many ways, some of the items of the original situation-based questionnaire (e.g. regarding homework) are irrelevant to the PE context. In the present study, we therefore sought to develop a modified, PE-friendly version of this earlier validated SIS-questionnaire, the SIS-PE. Findings in a sample of Belgian (N=136) and French (N=259) PE teachers, examined to-gether and as independent samples, showed that the variation in PE teachers’ motivating styles in this adapted version is also best captured by a circumplex structure, with four overarching styles and eight subareas differing in their level of need support and directiveness. The SIS-PE possesses excellent convergent and concurrent validity. With the adaptations being successful, great opportunities for future research on PE teachers (de-)motivating styles are created.


Author(s):  
Ángel Abós ◽  
Leen Haerens ◽  
Javier Sevil-Serrano ◽  
Sofie Morbée ◽  
José Antonio Julián ◽  
...  

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), prior research has demonstrated that physical education (PE) teachers may have different reasons to engage in teaching. Although some person-centered studies have identified varied motivational profiles in PE teachers, none of these studies have included the three forms of motivation (i.e., autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation). This study aims to identify teachers’ motivational profiles, using the three forms of motivation. Moreover, differences between the obtained profiles in terms of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion were examined. A sample of 107 primary school PE teachers participated. Four distinct motivational profiles were identified: “relatively amotivated,” “somewhat motivated,” “autonomous-controlled motivated,” and “relatively autonomously motivated.” Results showed that the predominantly autonomously motivated PE teachers reported the most adaptive pattern of outcomes. Although PE teachers from the “relatively autonomously motivated” group did not differ in terms of job satisfaction when compared to those in the “autonomous-controlled motivated” group, the former displayed lower values of emotional exhaustion. These findings support SDT in that more motivation is not necessarily better if this additional motivation comes from controlled reasons. These results could raise awareness among school stakeholders about the importance of increasing PE teachers’ autonomous motivation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Zach ◽  
Hanan Stein ◽  
Tamar Sivan ◽  
Israel Harari ◽  
Noa Nabel-Heller

This article explored how 45 novice physical education teachers perceived success, and how success affected their motivation to continue teaching. Self-determination theory (SDT) was used to interpret the teachers’ written reports, and focus group discussions were held concerning their success. Satisfaction with the competence, relatedness, and autonomy of the teachers’ needs were related to the teachers’ perception of success. Based on the findings, we contend that SDT can have strong implications for both school life and professional development facilitators. We suggest that strengthening certain aspects of success from the very beginning of the teaching experience may lead to a better adjustment to teaching.


Author(s):  
Miriam Cents-Boonstra ◽  
Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff ◽  
Mayra Mascareño Lara ◽  
Eddie Denessen

AbstractPositive student engagement is a prerequisite for students’ educational success. In this study, a microanalytic approach was used to explore patterns in teachers’ use of specific motivating teaching behaviours from the perspective of self-determination theory in relation to indicators of students’ positive engagement. The lessons of 52 teachers were observed and event-based coded. Results showed that specifically asking motivating questions and providing positive feedback and support during exercises were associated with subsequent positive student engagement. Unexpectedly, some demotivating teaching behaviours were also found to relate to positive student engagement, although to a lesser extent. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.


Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
Eliana V. Carraça

Investigações anteriores, desenvolvidas no contexto da educação física (EF), têm vindo a incorporar e testar vários pressupostos da teoria da autodeterminação (TAD). Porém, permanecem ainda várias lacunas nesta área (ex. impacto de um clima de suporte às necessidades psicológicas básicas no envolvimento das pessoas nas tarefas). Assim, este estudo transversal examinou um modelo motivacional baseado nos pressupostos da TAD e explorou a sua invariância entre géneros e ciclos de escolaridade. A amostra foi constituída por 1390 alunos Portugueses (52.5% raparigas; idade média, 15 anos) do 3º ciclo (12-14 anos) e ensino secundário (15-17 anos). Questionários validados internacionalmente foram utilizados para avaliar a perceção de uso de estratégias motivacionais, a satisfação de necessidades, motivações e envolvimento nas aulas de EF. As correlações bivariadas entre as estratégias percecionadas, necessidades básicas, motivações e as dimensões do envolvimento mostraram os padrões de associação esperados. As análises de mediação revelaram que os alunos que percepcionaram maior utilização de estratégias de suporte às necessidades básicas experienciaram níveis mais elevados de satisfação destas necessidades, o que, por sua vez, se associou a motivações mais autónomas e a níveis mais elevados de envolvimento nas aulas de EF. As estratégias percecionadas também se relacionaram positivamente com o envolvimento nas aulas via níveis mais baixos de amotivação para a EF (mas com menor poder explicativo). Na sua generalidade, as análises de invariância suportaram a universalidade da sequência motivacional proposta pela TAD. Este estudo dá suporte aos pressupostos da TAD e corrobora a sua aplicação no contexto da educação física, ampliando a evidência neste campo.Resumen. Las investigaciones basadas en los postulados la teoría de la autodeterminación (TAD) desarrolladas en el contexto de la educación física (EF) se han visto incrementadas. Sin embargo, aún quedan varias lagunas en la literatura (ej., impacto de un ambiente de aprendizaje de apoyo en el compromiso de los estudiantes). Como tal, este estudio transversal examinó un modelo de motivación basado en los principios de la teoría de la autodeterminación, y analizó la invarianza del modelo en función del género y del ciclo de estudios. Los participantes fueron 1390 estudiantes portugueses (52,5% mujeres: edad media = 15 años) del 3º ciclo de estudios (12-14 años) y de la enseñanza secundaria (15-17 años). Se utilizaron cuestionarios validados internacionalmente para evaluar la percepción de estrategias de motivación, las necesidades, motivaciones y el compromiso en las clases de EF. Las correlaciones bivariadas entre la percepción de estrategias de apoyo, la satisfacción de las necesidades, las motivaciones y dimensiones de compromiso confirmaron los patrones de asociación esperados. El análisis de mediación reveló que los estudiantes que perciben el uso de estrategias de apoyo mostraron mayor satisfacción de las necesidades, las cuales, a su vez se asociaron con más motivaciones autónomas y mayores niveles de implicación en las clases. La percepción de apoyo también se relacionó con la implicación en EF a través de los niveles bajos en la amotivación (aunque mostrando menor poder explicativo). Por último, la secuencia de motivación en general se mostró invariante en función del género y el ciclo de estudios. Este estudio apoya los presupuestos de la TAD y apoya su aplicación en el contexto de la educación física, ampliando la evidencia en este campo.Abstract. Prior research conducted in the context of school physical education (PE) has increasingly incorporated and tested several postulations of self-determination theory (SDT). Yet, there still remain several gaps in the SDT-related literature (e.g. impact of a need-supportive social context on one’s engagement in behaviors). As such, the present cross-sectional study examined a model of motivation based on the tenets of self-determination theory, and explored the invariance of the model across gender and education cycle. Participants were 1390 Portuguese students (52.5% female; mean age, 15 years-old) belonging to the 3rd (12-14 years-old) and secondary cycle of studies (15-17 years-old). Internationally validated questionnaires were used to measure need support, need satisfaction, motivation, and engagement in PE. Bivariate correlations between perceived strategies, needs’ satisfaction, motivations and engagement dimensions showed the expected patterns of association. Mediation analysis revealed that students who perceived the use of need-supporting strategies experienced greater levels of need satisfaction, which, in turn predicted autonomous motivation, which, in turn, linked to engagement in PE classes. Perceived strategies also related to PE engagement through reduced levels of amotivation (though showing lower explanatory power). Invariance analysis generally supported the universality of the SDT motivational sequence, across gender and cycle of studies. This study provides support for self-determination theory and corroborates the application of the framework to the context of school PE, extending research in this field.


Author(s):  
Ángel Abós ◽  
Rafael Burgueño ◽  
Luis García-González ◽  
Javier Sevil-Serrano

Purpose: Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined gender latent mean differences in students’ perceptions of externally and internally controlling teaching behaviors, basic psychological need frustration, controlled motivation, amotivation, and oppositional defiance in the physical education context. Moreover, it analyzed the differentiated role that internal and external controlling behaviors play on these self-determination theory-related variables among girls and boys. Method: A sample of 1,118 students (Mage = 14.11 ± 1.50; 50.9% girls) participated in this research. A multigroup structural equation modeling approach was used to respond to the research questions. Results: Analyses revealed that girls reported more maladaptive outcomes in most self-determination theory-related variables than boys. Although externally and internally controlling behaviors of physical education teachers were positively related to maladaptive outcomes, the behaviors correlate differently between boys and girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of reducing externally controlling behaviors in boys and internally controlling behaviors in both genders, but particularly in girls.


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