Knowledge Development and Sport Skill Performance: Directions for Motor Behavior Research

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry R. Thomas ◽  
Karen E. French ◽  
Charlotte A. Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Skill Performance ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
Development Of Expertise

In this paper we propose that research in motor behavior has failed to meet the obligation of studying how children learn important sport skills. In particular, understanding the specific sport knowledge base is essential to studying skilled sport behavior. To support this view we review the research in the cognitive area relative to the development of expertise. We then attempt to justify why a similar approach is useful for motor behavior researchers and why they should undertake the study of sport skill acquisition. Finally, we offer a paradigm within which sport skill research might take place.

scholarly journals A whole body characterization of individual strategies, gender differences, and common styles in overarm throwing

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2486-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Maselli ◽  
Aishwar Dhawan ◽  
Marta Russo ◽  
Benedetta Cesqui ◽  
Francesco Lacquaniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Overarm Throwing ◽  
And Gender

Overarm throwing is a fundamental human skill. Since paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies, the ability of throwing played a key role in brain and body co-evolution. For decades, throwing skill acquisition has been the subject of developmental and gender studies. However, due to its complex multijoint nature, whole body throwing has found little space in quantitative studies of motor behavior. In this study we examined how overarm throwing varies within and between individuals in a sample of untrained adults. To quantitatively compare whole body kinematics across throwing actions, we introduced a new combination of spatiotemporal principal component, linear discrimination, and clustering analyses. We found that the identity and gender of a thrower can be robustly inferred by the kinematics of a single throw, reflecting the characteristic features in individual throwing strategies and providing a quantitative ground for the well-known differences between males and females in throwing behavior. We also identified four main classes of throwing strategies, stable within individuals and resembling the main stages of throwing proficiency acquisition during motor development. These results support earlier proposals linking interindividual and gender differences in throwing, with skill acquisition interrupted at different stages of the typical developmental trajectory of throwing motor behavior. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unconstrained throwing, because of its complexity, received little attention in quantitative motor control studies. By introducing a new approach to analyze whole body kinematics, we quantitatively characterized gender effects, interindividual differences, and common patterns in nontrained throwers. The four throwing styles identified across individuals resemble different stages in the acquisition of throwing skills during development. These results advance our understanding of complex motor skills, bridging the gap between motor control, motor development, and sport science.

scholarly journals Understanding sport skills through the theories of visual perception: Contrasting cognitive and ecological approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues ◽  
Gisele C. Gotardi ◽  
Paula Favaro Polastri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Ecological Dynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Relative Utility ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
Interesting Alternative

BACKGROUND: Understanding sport skills through the theories of visual perception brings the debate to the level of basic and applied components of science, characterizing contributions from the most relevant approaches in the field of Motor Behavior, the indirect and the direct paradigms. AIM AND FINDINGS: The first section of this article emphasizes theoretical assumptions of visual perception arising from indirect and direct approaches; the notion of relative utility of these perspectives in explaining vision is discussed, which includes analysis of the goals of explanation, prediction, and simplicity. The second section is devoted to demonstrate critical insufficiencies of indirect perspective. The third and final section focuses on the ecological dynamics account applied to sports, with emphasis on elements of decision-making and motor control. Ecological dynamics is shown as an interesting alternative to understand sport skills, accounting for involved complexities of perception, decision-making, and action.

Mindfulness and its relevance for sports coaches adopting nonlinear pedagogy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hwa Kee
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Coaching Strategies ◽  
Movement System ◽  
Sports Coaches ◽  
Future Work

Nonlinear pedagogy is an approach for structuring skills acquisition that is underpinned by dynamical systems theory and ecological psychology approach of appreciating motor behavior. Given that nonlinear pedagogy calls for a different set of coaching strategies that departs from the traditional prescriptive approach, a heightened level of mindfulness—underpinned by attention/awareness and acceptance (Bishop et al., Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2004; 11(3): 230–241)—on coaches’ part may be particularly pertinent for facilitating this creativity-based and learner-centered approach. In this paper, the relevance of the mindfulness construct is discussed with reference to the need for coaches implementing nonlinear pedagogy to (a) develop sensitivity towards the dynamics of the movement system, (b) be open about impending variability and creativity in learner’s behavior, and (c) be accepting towards learners for who they are. The case for how coaches with heightened mindfulness might be better apt to accomplish the above is put forth. Some suggestions for future work in this area are also suggested. In line with the complex systems perspective in skills acquisition, perhaps it is not too far-fetched to consider a coach’s level of mindfulness during the coaching session as an important control parameter within a larger movement system that has a role in determining learner’s success in skill acquisition.

Examining the Effectiveness of a PETTLEP Imagery Intervention on the Football Skill Performance of Novice Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ebrahim norouzi ◽  
Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Afroozeh ◽  
Mohammad Vaezmosavi ◽  
Markus Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Imagery Condition ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Skill Performance

Abstract While imagery techniques have been included in most psychological skills training programs for elite athletes, only few studies have investigated the effects of various components of imagery such as physical, environmental, tasking, timing, learning, emotion, and perspective (PETTLEP) in the context of motor learning among novice athletes. We tested whether external PETTLEP imagery and internal PETTLEP imagery were able to improve football pass skill acquisition more than a control condition, and thus enhance motor learning among novice players. A total of 45 male adolescent novice players (M = 14.65 years, SD = 1.34) were randomly assigned to the following three study conditions: external PETTLEP imagery, internal PETTLEP imagery, and a control condition. At the beginning, and four weeks after randomization, football pass skill performance was measured objectively. Football pass skill performance improved over time in all groups, but more so in the external PETTLEP imagery and internal PETTLEP imagery condition compared to the control condition. At the retention-test, the highest pass skill performance was observed in the external PETTLEP imagery condition. The findings suggest that among adolescent novice football players, compared to internal PETTLEP imagery and a control condition, external PETTLEP imagery led to the highest improvement in football pass skill performance. The PETTLEP imagery thus appears to have the potential to enhance the gross motor skills acquisition of novice athletes who seek to become elite players.

Student-Directed Video Validation of Psychomotor Skills Performance: A Strategy to Facilitate Deliberate Practice, Peer Review, and Team Skill Sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. DeBourgh ◽  
Susan K. Prion
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Psychomotor Skill ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
New Nurses ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Skill Performance

AbstractBackgroundEssential nursing skills for safe practice are not limited to technical skills, but include abilities for determining salience among clinical data within dynamic practice environments, demonstrating clinical judgment and reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and teamwork competence. Effective instructional methods are needed to prepare new nurses for entry-to-practice in contemporary healthcare settings.MethodThis mixed-methods descriptive study explored self-reported perceptions of a process to self-record videos for psychomotor skill performance evaluation in a convenience sample of 102 pre-licensure students.ResultsStudents reported gains in confidence and skill acquisition using team skills to record individual videos of skill performance, and described the importance of teamwork, peer support, and deliberate practice.ConclusionAlthough time consuming, the production of student-directed video validations of psychomotor skill performance is an authentic task with meaningful accountabilities that is well-received by students as an effective, satisfying learner experience to increase confidence and competence in performing psychomotor skills.

Understanding Trust in the Performance of Complex Automatic Sport Skills

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Moore ◽  
John R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Movement Sequences ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
Automatic Selection ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
Conscious Control

The concept of trust in performing complex automatic motor skills involves letting go of conscious controlling tendencies often learned during skill acquisition. Theories of motor control provide a framework for automatic selection and execution of movement sequences during skilled performance. Trust is viewed as a psychological skill in which the athlete releases conscious control over movements, thus allowing the automatic execution of the schema that have been developed through training. This paper defines and characterizes trust and its role in the performance of automatic sport skills, with the goal of suggesting a path for applied research concerning trust and sport skills performance.

Behaviour-based approach for skill acquisition during assembly operations, starting from scratch

Robotica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corona-Castuera ◽  
I. Lopez-Juarez
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Fuzzy Artmap ◽  
Compliant Motion ◽  
On Line ◽  
Assembly Operations

Industrial robots in poorly structured environments have to interact compliantly with this environment for successful operations. In this paper, we present a behaviour-based approach to learn peg-in-hole operations from scratch. The robot learns autonomously the initial mapping between contact states to motion commands employing fuzzy rules and creating an Acquired-Primitive Knowledge Base (ACQ-PKB), which is later used and refined on-line by a Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network-based controller. The effectiveness of the approach is tested comparing the compliant motion behaviour using the ACQ-PKB and a priori Given-Primitive Knowledge Base (GVN-PKB). Results using a KUKA KR15 industrial robot validate the approach.

scholarly journals A review of professionalism within LIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Types ◽  
Information Professionals

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of professionalism within Library and Information Science (LIS) and in doing so draw comparisons with the education and medicine professions. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a review of the extant literature from the three professions and gives a brief review of the theoretical constructs of professional knowledge using the work of Eisner and Eraut to explore knowledge types. It then relates these definitions to knowledge use within LIS, education and medicine, before examining the roles that professional associations have on the knowledge development of a profession. It concludes with a reflection on the future of professionalism within LIS. Findings The literature suggests a fragmented epistemological knowledge-base and threats to its practices from outside professions. It does, however, find opportunities to redefine its knowledge boundaries within the phronetic practices of LIS and in socio-cultural uses of knowledge. It finds strengths and weaknesses in professionalism within LIS and its practitioners. Originality/value This review provides a contemporary update to several earlier, related, works and provides useful context to current efforts to professionalise LIS by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals.

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