Kinematic Analysis of Selected Reach Directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test Compared With the Y-Balance Test

Context:The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and the Y-Balance Test (YBT) have 3 common reach directions: anterior (ANT), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). Previous research has indicated that reach-distance performance on the ANT reach direction of the SEBT differs from that on the YBT. Kinematic patterns associated with the ANT reach direction of the SEBT and YBT need to be investigated to fully understand this difference, along with the PM and PL reach directions, to deduce any kinematic discrepancies between the 2 balance tests.Objective:To compare and contrast the kinematic patterns associated with test performance on the reach directions common to the SEBT and YBT.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:15 healthy male (age 23.33 ± 2.02 y, height 1.77 ± 0.04 m, body mass 80.00 ± 9.03 kg) and 14 healthy female (age 21.14 ± 1.66 y, height 1.63 ± 0.06 m, body mass 59.58 ± 7.61 kg) volunteers.Intervention:Each participant performed 3 trials of the ANT, PM, and PL reach directions of the SEBT and YBT on their dominant leg.Main Outcome Measures:Sagittal-plane lower-limb kinematic profiles were recorded using a 3-D motion-analysis system. Reach distances were also recorded for each reach direction.Results:A significant main effect (P < .05) was observed for test condition with participants reaching farther on the ANT reach direction of the SEBT compared with the YBT. While reaching in the ANT direction participants were characterized by a more flexed position of the hip joint at the point of maximum reach on the YBT (27.94° ± 13.84°) compared with the SEBT (20.37° ± 18.64°).Conclusions:Based on these observed results, the authors conclude that test performance on the SEBT and YBT differ in terms of dynamic neuromuscular demands, as evidenced by differences in reach distances achieved in the ANT reach direction and associated test kinematic profile.

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Short-Term Effects of Balance Training with Stroboscopic Vision for Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5364

Author(s):

Kyung-Min Kim ◽

María D. Estudillo-Martínez ◽

Yolanda Castellote-Caballero ◽

Alejandro Estepa-Gallego ◽

David Cruz-Díaz

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Balance Training ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Balance Test ◽

Training Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test

Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is one of the most common musculoskeletal dysfunctions. Stroboscopic vision (SV) training has been deemed to enhance somatosensorial pathways in this population group; nevertheless, until recently no studies have addressed the additional effects of this treatment option to the traditional therapeutic approach. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of a partial visual deprivation training protocol in patients with CAI, a randomized controlled trial was carried out. Patients with CAI (n = 73) were randomized into either a balance training, SV training, or a control (no training) group. For participants assigned into training groups, they received 18 training sessions over 6 weeks. The primary outcome was dynamic balance as measured by the Star Excursion Balance Test assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcome measures included ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, self-reported instability feeling, and ankle functional status. Results: Better scores in stroboscopic training and balance training groups in all outcome measures were observed in comparison with the control group with moderate to large effect sizes. Stroboscopic training was more effective than neuromuscular training in self-reported instability feeling (cohen’s d = 0.71; p = 0.042) and anterior reach distance of the star excursion balance test (cohen’s d = 1.23; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Preliminary findings from the effects of SV Stroboscopic training in patients with CAI, suggest that SV may be beneficial in CAI rehabilitation.

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The Effects of Gender and Fatigue on Dynamic Postural Control

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.18.2.240 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 240-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Phillip A. Gribble ◽

Richard H. Robinson ◽

Jay Hertel ◽

Craig R. Denegar

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Model Design ◽

Balance Test ◽

Before And After ◽

And Gender

Context:Deficits in static postural control related to fatigue have been investigated previously, but there is little evidence to link fatigue to performance measures of dynamic postural control.Objective:To investigate the effects of fatigue and gender on performance measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT).Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:16 healthy young adults.Intervention:Subjects performed the SEBT before and after 4 different fatiguing conditions.Main Outcome Measures:The normalized reach distances and sagittal-plane kinematics of the knee and hip were recorded.Results:Fatigue produced deficits in normalized reach distances and decreased knee flexion in all 3 reaching directions. Overall, women were able to reach farther than men while simultaneously demonstrating a greater amount of knee flexion.Conclusions:Gender differences were observed during performance of the SEBT, with women demonstrating greater reach distances and knee flexion, and fatigue amplified these differences.

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Effect of soft and semirigid ankle orthoses on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in patients with functional ankle instability

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport ◽

10.1016/j.jsams.2013.05.017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 430-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mohammad Hadadi ◽

Mohammad Ebrahim Mousavi ◽

Shima Fardipour ◽

Roshanak Vameghi ◽

Masood Mazaheri

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Functional Ankle Instability ◽

Balance Test ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test

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Kinematic predictors of star excursion balance test performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.04.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 37-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Matthew C. Hoch ◽

Stacey L. Gaven ◽

Joshua T. Weinhandl

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Balance Test ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test

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The Influence of Fatigue on Star Excursion Balance Test Performance in Dancers

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.22.3.142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ross Armstrong ◽

Christopher Michael Brogden ◽

Debbie Milner ◽

Debbie Norris ◽

Matt Greig

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Balance Test ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test

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Hip- and Thigh-Muscle Activation During the Star Excursion Balance Test

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.20.4.428 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 428-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Beth Norris ◽

Elaine Trudelle-Jackson

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Balance Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Context:The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is often used to train and assess dynamic balance and neuromuscular control. Few studies have examined hip- and thigh-muscle activation during the SEBT.Objective:To quantify hip- and thigh-muscle activity during the SEBT.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:22 healthy individuals, 11 men and 11 women.Methods:EMG measurements were taken as participants completed 3 trials of the anterior (A), medial (M), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the SEBT.Main Outcome Measures:Mean EMG data (% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) from the gluteus medius (Gmed), gluteus maximus (Gmax), and vastus medialis (VM) were measured during the eccentric phase of each SEBT reach direction. Test–retest reliability of EMG data across the 3 trials in each direction was calculated. EMG data from each muscle were compared across the 3 reach directions.Results:Test–retest reliability ranged from ICC3,1 values of .91 to .99. A 2-way repeated-measure ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between muscle activation and reach direction. One-way ANOVAs showed no difference in GMed activity between the A and M directions. GMed activity in the A and M directions was greater than in the PM direction. There was no difference in GMax and VM activity across the 3 directions.Conclusion:GMed was recruited most effectively when reaching was performed in the A and M directions. The A, M, and PM directions elicited similar patterns of muscle recruitment for the GMax and VM. During all 3 SEBT directions, VM activation exceeded the 40–60% threshold suggested for strengthening effects. GMed activity also exceeded the threshold in the M direction. GMax activation, however, was below the 40% threshold for all 3 reach directions, suggesting that performing dynamic lower extremity reaching in the A, M, and PM directions may not elicit strengthening effects for the GMax.

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Contributing factors to Star Excursion Balance Test performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 912-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Michael L. Gabriner ◽

Megan N. Houston ◽

Jessica L. Kirby ◽

Matthew C. Hoch

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Ankle Instability ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Balance Test ◽

Star Excursion Balance Test

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Immediate Effect of Kinesio Taping on Muscle Response in Young Elite Soccer Players

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.22.1.53 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Moisés de Hoyo ◽

Alejandro Álvarez-Mesa ◽

Borja Sañudo ◽

Luis Carrasco ◽

Sergio Domínguez

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Random Order ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Kinesio Taping ◽

University Laboratory ◽

Taping Technique

Context:Kinesio taping (KT) is a new taping technique increasingly used in sports medicine to improve muscle performance; however, its real effect is not entirely known.Objective:To assess the immediate effects of KT on muscle performance in young healthy elite soccer players.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Eighteen young elite soccer players voluntarily participated in the study (mean ± SEM: age 18.20 ± 2.45 y, height 1.76 ± 3.56 m, body mass 65.25 ± 3.76 kg, body-mass index 20.12 ± 1.25 kg/m2).Interventions:Each subject completed 2 different protocols, with and without KT. Interventions were performed in a random order, with a washout period between conditions of 1 wk.Main Outcome Measures:Outcome measures included tensiomyographic response in the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, power output with 30 and 50 kg, countermovement jump, and 10-m sprint.Results:Data showed no significant differences for any of the outcomes analyzed between interventions.Conclusions:KT does not produce a short-term improvement in muscle performance in young elite soccer players.

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