scholarly journals Interexaminer, Intraexaminer, and Test-Retest Reliability of Clinical Knee Joint-Position-Sense Measurements Using an Image-Capture Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Relph ◽  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context: Knee joint-position sense (JPS) plays a critical role in controlled and stable joint movement. Poor ability to sense position of the knee can therefore increase risk of injury. There is no agreed consensus on JPS measurement techniques and a lack of reliability statistics on methods. Objective: To identify the most reliable knee JPS measurement technique using image capture. Design: Interexaminer, intraexaminer, and test-retest reliability of knee JPS measurements. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: 10 asymptomatic participants. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Relative and absolute error scores of knee JPS in 3 conditions (sitting, prone, active) through 3 ranges of movement (10-30°, 30-60°, 60-90°), into 2 directions (flexion and extension) using both legs (dominant and nondominant) collected during 15 trials and repeated 7 d after the first data collection. Results: Statistical analysis by intraclass correlations revealed excellent interexaminer reliability between researchers (.98) and intraexaminer reliability within 1 researcher (.96). Test-retest reliability was highest in the sitting condition from a starting angle of 0°, target angle through 60-90° of flexion, using the dominant leg and absolute-error-score variables (ICC = .92). However, it was noted smallest detectable differences were a high percentage of mean values for all measures. Conclusions: The most reliable JPS measurement for asymptomatic participants has been identified. Practitioners should use this protocol when collecting JPS data during prescreening sessions. However, generalizability of findings to a class/group of clients exhibiting knee pathologies should be done with caution.

Test–retest reliability of a knee joint position sense measurement method in sitting and prone position

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Olsson ◽  
H. Lund ◽  
M. Henriksen ◽  
H. Rogind ◽  
H. Bliddal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

scholarly journals Criterion-Related Validity of Knee Joint-Position-Sense Measurement Using Image Capture and Isokinetic Dynamometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Relph ◽  
Lee Herrington
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Clinicians require portable, valid, and cost-effective methods to monitor knee joint-position-sense (JPS) ability. Objective: To examine the criterion-related validity of image-capture JPS measures against an isokinetic-dynamometer (IKD) procedure. Design: Random crossover design providing a comparison of knee JPS measures from image capture and IKD procedures. Participants: 10 healthy participants, 5 female, age 28.0 ± 13.29 y, mass 60.3 ± 9.02 kg, height 1.65 ± 0.07 m, and 5 male, 29.6 ± 10.74 y, mass 73.6 ± 5.86 kg, height 1.75 ± 0.07 m. Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variables were absolute error scores (AES) provided by 2 knee directions (flexion and extension). The independent variables were the method (image capture and IKD). Results: There was no significant difference between clinical and IKD AED into knee-extension data (P = .263, r = 0.55). There was a significant difference between clinical and IKD AES into knee-flexion data (P = .016, r =.70). Conclusions: Analysis of photographic images to assess JPS measurements using knee flexion is valid against IKD techniques. However, photo-analysis measurements provided a lower error score using knee-extension data and thus may provide an optimal environment to produce maximal knee JPS acuity. Therefore, clinicians do not need expensive equipment to collect representative JPS ability.

Test–retest reliability of wrist joint position sense in healthy adults in a clinical setting

Hand Therapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloë Pilbeam ◽  
Victoria Hood-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Introduction Proprioceptive assessments of the wrist inform clinical decision making. In wrist rehabilitation, joint position sense has emerged as one way of assessing conscious proprioception with varying methods and minimal psychometric analysis reported. The purpose of this study was to standardise the wrist joint position sense test method for clinical use and to determine its test–retest reliability in a healthy population. Methods Four wrist positions (20° and 45° flexion, 20° and 45° extension) were measured twice in a random order, by a single rater, using a universal goniometer on the same day. The absolute error in degrees between each position and reposition was calculated. For relative reliability analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) was calculated. For absolute reliability the standard error of the measurement was calculated and Bland–Altman plots visually inspected. Results Fifty-five healthy volunteers (mean age 31.1 SD±10.25 years) were assessed. The mean absolute error, summarised for all positions for test and retest, was 3.98°. The intraclass correlation coefficients were poor to fair (0.07–0.47), and standard error of the measurement was 2° (rounded) for all positions. The limits of agreement were fairly narrow, and the Bland–Altman plots showed random distribution of errors for each position, therefore the measurement error was clinically acceptable. Conclusions The active wrist joint position sense test using goniometry demonstrated poor to fair test–retest reliability and acceptable measurement error in healthy volunteers. The wrist joint position sense angle of 20° flexion was the most reliable.

Knee Joint Proprioception Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod A. Harter ◽  
Louis R. Osternig ◽  
Kenneth M. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

This study evaluated knee joint position sense in the ACL-reconstructed and contralateral normal knees of 48 male and female subjects (M age 27.6 ± 6.9 yrs). Subjects were blindfolded and tested on their ability to actively reproduce five passively placed knee positions at 5° intervals between 35 and 15° of knee flexion. Mean algebraic target angle error and mean absolute error values were measured in degrees. The grand mean absolute error for the postsurgical knees at all positions was 5.4 ± 3.2°, compared with 5.2 ± 2.7° for the normal contralateral knees. There were no significant differences in knee joint position sense between the postsurgical and normal contralateral limbs at any of the five positions tested. Pivot shift, anterolateral rotatory instability, and Lachman test results were poorly correlated with knee joint position sense. The results suggest that if knee joint position sense was indeed disrupted by ACL injury and reconstructive surgery, related sensory mechanisms compensated for any proprioceptive loss prior to the minimum 2-yr postsurgical follow-up period employed in our study.

scholarly journals Paradoxical relationship in sensorimotor system: Knee joint position sense absolute error and joint stiffness measures

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nagai ◽  
Nathaniel A. Bates ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
Nathan D. Schilaty
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Joint Position

scholarly journals The Effects of Cryotherapy on Knee Joint Position Sense and Force Production Sense in Healthy Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz P. Furmanek ◽  
Kajetan J. Słomka ◽  
Andrzej Sobiesiak ◽  
Marian Rzepko ◽  
Grzegorz Juras
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Variable Error

AbstractThe proprioceptive information received from mechanoreceptors is potentially responsible for controlling the joint position and force differentiation. However, it is unknown whether cryotherapy influences this complex mechanism. Previously reported results are not universally conclusive and sometimes even contradictory. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of local cryotherapy on knee joint position sense (JPS) and force production sense (FPS). The study group consisted of 55 healthy participants (age: 21 ± 2 years, body height: 171.2 ± 9 cm, body mass: 63.3 ± 12 kg, BMI: 21.5 ± 2.6). Local cooling was achieved with the use of gel-packs cooled to -2 ± 2.5°C and applied simultaneously over the knee joint and the quadriceps femoris muscle for 20 minutes. JPS and FPS were evaluated using the Biodex System 4 Pro apparatus. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show any statistically significant changes of the JPS and FPS under application of cryotherapy for all analyzed variables: the JPS’s absolute error (p = 0.976), its relative error (p = 0.295), and its variable error (p = 0.489); the FPS’s absolute error (p = 0.688), its relative error (p = 0.193), and its variable error (p = 0.123). The results indicate that local cooling does not affect proprioceptive acuity of the healthy knee joint. They also suggest that local limited cooling before physical activity at low velocity did not present health or injury risk in this particular study group.

scholarly journals Reliability of Image Capture Technique for the Measurement of Upper Limb Active Joint Position Sense in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
Iraj Abdollahi ◽  
◽  
Elnaz Allahverdloo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Capture Technique

Objective: Proprioception is the conscious perception of limb position, motion, balance, and pressure. It has a vital role in movement control, especially motor planning and neuromuscular feedback mechanism. To investigate the proprioceptive function, it is essential to use the best measurement method. Different techniques and approaches have been introduced, which are usually expensive and not applicable for clinical use. One of these methods is the image capture technique which is easy and practical. Stillman introduced this technique to measure the joint position sense of the knee considering all variables affecting it and reported its good reliability. Many studies have used this technique for knee and lower limb joints and reported its good reliability, while few studies have used this technique for the upper limb joints. Therefore, this study investigates the reliability of the image capture technique for measuring the Active Joint Position Sense (AJPS) of the left shoulder and elbow in healthy adults. If it yields a good result, it can be used as an available and cost-effective method by clinicians. Materials & Methods: In this methodological study, the participants were 10 healthy adults (5 men, 5 women) aged 18-40 years. To assess the AJPS, we used image capture technology which is one of the most reliable methods for the lower limb joint position sense measurement. Markers were attached on elbow and shoulder landmarks, and photos were taken during the reproduction of angles by participants. Then, the photos were entered into AutoCAD software, and the angles were calculated by drawing line segments from landmarks and connecting them. The absolute error and relative error (the difference between the initial and reproduced angles) were used to measure accuracy. The AJPS was assessed for internal and external rotation of the shoulder and elbow flexion. The measurements were repeated two hours later to assess intra-day reliability and two days later to assess inter-day reliability. Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) were used for statistical analysis. Results: The ICC of inter-day reliability of the test for all shoulder and elbow movements in relative and absolute errors was reported as excellent (≥0.92). Intra-day reliability was reported excellent (≥0.90) for elbow flexion, and internal rotation of the shoulder in both relative and absolute errors were excellent (0.94). For external rotation of the shoulder, it was excellent in relative error (0.94) and good in absolute error (0.80). All measurements had absolute reliability based on the SEM results. Conclusion: The image capture technique is a simple, cost-effective, and available method tool for measuring AJPS and proprioception in upper limbs by clinicians and researchers.

scholarly journals Test–Retest Reliability of Isokinetic Wrist Strength and Proprioception Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barıs Seven ◽  
Gamze Cobanoglu ◽  
Deran Oskay ◽  
Nevin Atalay-Guzel
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Active Joint ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context:The evaluation of the wrist strength and proprioception gives clinicians and researchers information about effectiveness of their rehabilitation protocol or helps diagnosis of various neuromuscular and somatosensorial disorders. Isokinetic dynamometers are considered the gold standard for these evaluations. However, the studies about test–retest reliability of isokinetic dynamometer are inadequate.Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of isokinetic wrist strength and proprioception measurements using the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer.Design:Test–retest reliability study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Thirty participants were enrolled (age 23.2 [2.8] y, height 171.1 [7] cm, weight 66.6 [11.6] kg) in this study.Intervention:Cybex isokinetic dynamometer was used for strength and proprioception measurements.Main Outcome Measures:Concentric flexion–extension strength test was performed at 90°/s angular velocity, and eccentric flexion–extension strength test was performed at 60°/s angular velocity. The proprioception of the wrist was assessed via active joint position sense. The 30° extension of the wrist, which is accepted as the functional position of the wrist, was selected as the targeted angle. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) method was used for test–retest analysis (P < .05).Results:The active joint position sense measurements of dominant (ICC2,1: .821) and nondominant (ICC2,1: .763) sides were found to have good test–retest reliability. Furthermore, with the exception of dominant eccentric extension strength (moderate reliability) (ICC2,1: .733), eccentric and concentric flexion (dominant: ICC2,1 = .890–.844; nondominant: ICC2,1 = .800–.898, respectively), and extension (dominant: ICC2,1 = .791 [concentric], nondominant: ICC2,1 = .791–.818, respectively) strength measurements of both sides were found to have good reliability.Conclusions:This study shows that the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer is a reliable method for measuring wrist strength and proprioception. Isokinetic dynamometers can be used clinically for diagnosis or rehabilitation in studies which contain wrist proprioception or strength measurements.

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