scholarly journals Do Older Adults With Reduced Bone Mineral Density Benefit From Strength Training? A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Maja Zamoscinska ◽  
Irene R. Faber ◽  
Dirk Büsch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bottom Line

Clinical Scenario: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is a serious condition in older adults. The mild form, osteopenia, is often a precursor of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a pathological condition and a global health problem as it is one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Finding solutions for prevention and therapy should be prioritized. Therefore, the critically appraised topic focuses on strength training as a treatment to counteract a further decline in BMD in older adults. Clinical Question: Is strength training beneficial in increasing BMD in older people with osteopenia or osteoporosis? Summary of Key Findings: Four of the 5 reviewed studies with the highest evidence showed a significant increase in lumbar spine BMD after strength training interventions in comparison with control groups. The fifth study confirmed the maintenance of lumbar spine density due to conducted exercises. Moreover, 3 reviewed studies revealed increasing BMD at the femoral neck after strength training when compared with controls, which appeared significant in 2 of them. Clinical Bottom Line: The findings indicate that strength training has a significant positive influence on BMD in older women (ie, postmenopausal) with osteoporosis or osteopenia. However, it is not recommended to only rely on strength training as the increase of BMD may not appear fast enough to reach the minimal desired values. A combination of strength training and supplements/medication seems most adequate. Generalization of the findings to older men with reduced BMD should be done with caution due to the lack of studies. Strength of Recommendation: There is grade B of recommendation to support the validity of strength training for older women in postmenopausal phase with reduced BMD.

scholarly journals Sedentary Patterns Are Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Alberto Gobbo ◽  
Pedro B. Júdice ◽  
Megan Hetherington-Rauth ◽  
Luís B. Sardinha ◽  
Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Sedentary Bouts ◽  
The Impact

Aging causes some unfavorable morphological and functional changes, such as the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time seem to be related with these alterations, but the impact of distinct patterns remains unclear. The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally and prospectively assess the association between objectively measured MVPA and sedentary patterns (bouts and breaks) with BMD and physical function in older adults. The study considered 151 Brazilians (aged ≥ 60 years), out of which 68 participants completed 2-year follow-up measurements. MVPA and sedentary patterns were measured by means of accelerometry, BMD—(total proximal femur and lumbar spine (L1-L4)) by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical function—by means of physical tests. In older women, sedentary bouts >60 min were inversely associated with handgrip strength (β = −2.03, 95% CI: from −3.43 to −0.63). The prospective analyses showed that changes in sedentary bouts (20 to 30 min and >60 min) were inversely associated with changes in the lumbar spine’s BMD (β = −0.01, 95% CI: from −0.01 to −0.00 and β = −0.03, 95% CI: from −0.06 to −0.01) and the lumbar spine’s T-score (β = −0.06, 95% CI: from −0.10 to −0.01 and β = −0.27, 95% CI: from −0.49 to −0.04), respectively. In older women, sedentary patterns are cross-sectionally associated with handgrip strength and prospectively associated with BMD independent of MVPA.

scholarly journals Adipocytokine and ghrelin levels in relation to bone mineral density in physically active older women: longitudinal associations

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Tatjana Kums ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Independent Variables

PurposeWe investigated the relationship between the decrease in bone mineral mass (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) values with baseline adipocytokine and ghrelin concentrations in physically active postmenopausal women.MethodsLeptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, BMC, BMD and different body composition values were measured in 35 women (age: 69.7±6.0 years) before and after a 12-month prospective study period.ResultsSignificant (P<0.05) decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) (by 2.56%) and BMC (by 1.63%) and increases in adiponectin (by 14.8%) were seen in older females as a result of the study period. The independent variables that were associated with decreases in total BMC were baseline fat mass (FM) and adiponectin explaining 30.6% (R2×100) of the total variance. In another model, baseline FFM and leptin were the independent variables that explained 20.6% (P<0.05) of the total variance in the decreases in total BMD value. The variables that were associated with decreases in femoral neck BMD were FM and leptin (R2=0.102;P<0.05), while the independent variables were baseline trunk fat:leg fat ratio and adiponectin in the model with decreases in lumbar spine BMD as the dependent variable, and accounted for 13.1% (P<0.05) of the decreases in BMD variance.ConclusionsInitial adiponectin concentration together with specific body composition characteristics predicted loss in BMC and lumbar spine BMD values, while initial leptin concentration together with specific body composition parameters determined the loss in total and femoral neck BMD values in physically active older women.

scholarly journals Associations Between Serum Total Cholesterol Level and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Wenxiong Zhang ◽  
Silin Wang ◽  
Deyuan Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in elderly people. The correlation between total cholesterol and bone mineral density remains controversial.Methods: We obtained records from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for 4236 people aged over 60 without a diagnosis of cancer. We analyzed the relationship between total cholesterol and lumbar bone mineral density, using the statistical packages R and Empower Stats. We described the research population and performed stratified and single factor analysis, multiple equation regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect and saturation effect analysis.Results: A significant negative association was found between serum cholesterol levels and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in the study population. Older adults ≥70 years of age had an inflection point at 280 mg / dl, and those with moderate physical activity had an inflection point at 203 mg / dl. The smooth curves fitted were all U-shaped.Conclusions: There is a negative association between total cholesterol and lumbar spine bone mineral density in people without cancer aged 60 or older.

Bone Mineral Density Responses to High-Intensity Strength Training in Active Older Women

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne F. Nichols ◽  
Karen P. Nelson ◽  
Katrina K. Peterson ◽  
David J. Sartoris
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of high-intensity strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) of 34 non-estrogen-repleted, active women over 60 years of age. The study was designed as a randomized, nonblinded trial in which subjects were stratified into rank-ordered pairs by level of physical activity, then randomly assigned into either a weight training (WT) or a control (CON) group. BMD of the spine (L2–L4), hip, and total body was assessed at 0, 6, and 12 months by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Group-by-time repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated no effect of weight training on BMD, despite marked gains in muscular strength for all exercises. The high-intensity weight training utilized in this study did not induce positive changes in BMD of the hip and spine of previously active, non-estrogen-repleted older women. However, the protocol was safe, enjoyable, and highly effective in increasing muscular strength.

scholarly journals The sex-specific association of serum osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB legend with bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stern ◽  
Gail A Laughlin ◽  
Jaclyn Bergstrom ◽  
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Receptor Activator

Objective: The role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its receptor activator of nuclear factor κB legend (RANKL) in the regulation of bone in humans remain unclear. We examined the sex-specific associations of serum OPG, RANKL, and their ratio with bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. Design: Participants were 681 community-dwelling adults, ages 45–90 years, who had serum OPG and RANKL measured and bone density scans in 1988–1991, with follow-up scans 5 and/or 10 years later. Methods: Analyses were sex-specific; women using and not using estrogen were evaluated separately. Cross-sectional analyses used multivariable regression models; longitudinal analyses used repeated measures mixed effects models. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, age- and weight-adjusted serum OPG levels were significantly positively associated with BMD at the lumbar spine in men, and at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine in women using estrogen, but not in non-users of estrogen. RANKL concentrations were significantly and inversely associated with BMD in men only, and at the total hip. Neither OPG nor RANKL was significantly associated with bone loss. Results for the RANKL/OPG ratio were the same as those for RANKL alone. Conclusions: These results suggest a modulatory effect of both endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on the biologic interaction of OPG, RANKL, and bone.

scholarly journals Association Between Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women and Men: The Framingham Heart Study1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 4257-4262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean A. Langlois ◽  
Clifford J. Rosen ◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marian T. Hannan ◽  
Tamara Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Few studies of the GH axis and bone have focused specifically on elderly people. The objective of this study was to determine the association between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and bone mineral density (BMD) in 425 women and 257 men aged 72–94 who participated in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study component of the Framingham Heart Study in 1992–1993. Serum IGF-I level was determined by RIA. BMD at three femoral sites and the lumbar spine was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and at the radius by single-photon absorptiometry. IGF-I level was positively associated with BMD at all five sites (Ward’s area, femoral neck, trochanter, radius, and lumbar spine) in women after adjustment for weight loss and other factors (P ≤ 0.01) and protein intake in a subset of participants (0.006 &lt; P &lt; 0.07). A threshold effect of higher BMD was evident at each of the 3 femoral sites and the spine (P &lt; 0.03) but not at the radius for women in the highest quintile of IGF-I (≥179 g/liter) vs. those in the lowest four quintiles. IGF-I was not significantly associated with BMD in men. These results indicate that higher IGF-I levels are associated with greater BMD in very old women, and suggest that future clinical trials employing GH may have a role in the development of treatments for older women with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Effect of kettlebell training on bone mineral density in two older adults with osteoporosis: a multiple-case study from the BELL trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil J Meigh ◽  
Justin W.L. Keogh ◽  
Wayne Hing
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Load Volume ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Clinically Significant

The purpose of this case study was to report clinically significant increases in bone mineral density (BMD) in a female and a male over 70 years of age with osteoporosis, following 16 weeks of hardstyle kettlebell training. Both case subjects were insufficiently active prior to participating in the BELL trial. Subjects trained five days a week accruing a large training load volume (calculated as kettlebell weight multiplied by repetitions performed) during structured group-based classes (74,872 kg and 110,132 kg, respectively). Regional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. Increases in BMD of 12.7% and 5.9% at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2-L4) respectively were observed for the female, and 2.5% and 6.0% respectively for the male. Magnitude of change in BMD (g/cm2) at the lumbar spine was 2.0 and 1.9 times larger than the least significant change for the female and male respectively, and sufficient to advance the female subject's status from osteoporosis to osteopenia. Although these results do not show a definitive causal relationship between kettlebell training and increased BMD, further investigation of the effects of kettlebell training on BMD in older adults with osteoporosis and osteopenia is warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902098765
Author(s):  
Zhongxin Zhu ◽  
Hongliang Zhou ◽  
Yanfei Wang ◽  
Xiaocong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Turnover Markers

Objective: To examine the associations between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults aged 60–85 years. Methods: A total of 1124 men (mean age, 69.1 years) and 1203 women (mean age, 70.7 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Independent variables were serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx), which are biomarkers of bone formation and resorption, respectively. Outcome variable was lumbar BMD. The associations of sBAP and uNTx levels with lumbar BMD was examined using multivariable linear regression models. Results: sBAP was negatively associated with lumbar BMD in each multivariable linear regression model, and this negative association was stable in both men and women men (men: β = −0.0028, 95% CI: −0.0046 to −0.0010; women: β = −0.0039, 95% CI: −0.0054 to −0.0023). On the other hand, uNTx was negatively associated with lumbar BMD after adjustment of relevant covariables (β = −0.0328, 95% CI: −0.0523 to −0.0133). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, this negative association remained only in older women (β = −0.0491, 95% CI: −0.0751 to −0.0231). Conclusion: Our study suggested that elevated sBAP and uNTX levels correlated with decreased lumbar BMD, especially in older women. This finding indicated that maintaining BTMs at low levels may be beneficial to bone health for older adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Endurance and Endurance-Strength Training on Bone Mineral Density and Content in Abdominally Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Edyta Mądry ◽  
Paweł Bogdański ◽  
Jakub Kryściak ◽  
Radosław Mądry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Physical Capacity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Endurance Strength

The optimal type of exercise that simultaneously decreases body weight and preserves bone health in people with obesity is unknown. This parallel randomized trial aimed to compare the effect of endurance and endurance-strength training on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in abdominally obese postmenopausal women. A total of 101 women were recruited and randomly assigned to endurance or endurance-strength training groups. Participants trained for 60 min per day, three times per week for 12 weeks. The endurance exercises were performed at an intensity of 50–75% of the maximum heart rate, whereas the strength exercises were at 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum. Pre- and post-intervention BMD and BMC of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck and physical capacity were measured. There were no differences among the densitometric parameters in the endurance group, but a significant increase in whole-body BMD in the endurance-strength group was found. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the groups in the changes in the lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, both training programs significantly improved physical capacity with no differences between groups. Endurance training was more effective in maintaining BMC at the lumbar spine. However, both groups did not differ in effect on BMD. Further studies with a long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings. The study was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register within the number DRKS00019832, and the date of registration was 26 February 2020 (retrospective registration).

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