scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Youth Female Track-and-Field Athletes: A Clinical Trial and Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo ◽  
Romina Figueroa-Ureta ◽  
Fernanda Moya-Mura ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Stress Syndrome

Context: Few reports have analyzed the effects of neuromuscular (NM) training programs on the injury incidence among youth female track-and-field athletes. Objective: To determine the effects of NM training on reducing lower limb injury incidence and to establish its effects on countermovement jump performance, balance, 30-m sprint, and joint position sense in youth female track-and-field athletes. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-two female athletes were allocated into 2 groups: Conventional (CONV) training (n = 11; age = 15.3 [2.1] y) and NM training (n = 11; age = 15.0 [2.7] y). Interventions: Interventions were performed during the preseason of 6 weeks. The CONV training included anaerobic, strength, and aerobic training. The NM training consisted of a multicomponent program that integrated jumps, landings, and running with strength, endurance, agility, balance, and CORE training. Main Outcome Measures: A follow-up of the cohorts was carried out through the evaluation of lower limb injuries (main outcome) during a regular season (weeks 7–18). Secondary outcomes were measured before and after the intervention: Y-balance test, active joint repositioning, ground reaction force, and countermovement jump height. Results: The injury incidence rate was 17.89 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training, and 6.58 in NM training (relative risk = 0.38; 95% confidence interval,  0.18 to 0.82; P = .044). Particularly, the medial tibial stress syndrome incidence rate was 5.96 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training and 0.82 in NM training (relative risk = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.12; P = .012). In addition, a significant training × time interaction was noted, favoring improvements in 30-m sprint and countermovement jump height after NM. Conclusion: The NM training may improve youth female athlete’s physical fitness and reduce their injury relative risk of medial tibial stress syndrome injury.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Associated with the Kinetics of the Countermovement Jump in Cadets Undergoing Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Malaver-Moreno ◽  
Jenner Rodrigo Cubides-Amézquita ◽  
Rodrigo Argothy-Buchelli ◽  
Esteban Aedo-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Stress Syndrome ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals The treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome in athletes; a randomized clinical trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Hendrik Moen ◽  
Leonoor Holtslag ◽  
Eric Bakker ◽  
Carl Barten ◽  
Adam Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Stress Syndrome

scholarly journals Effects of Co-Ingestion of AAKG and HMB on Jumping Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kaczka ◽  
Amit Batra ◽  
Katarzyna Kubicka ◽  
Marcin Maciejczyk ◽  
Rafał Jastrząb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Training Cycle

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of simultaneous supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and L-arginine α-ketoglutarate on lower limb power and muscle damage in medium distance runners aged 15.3 (± 0.9) years old. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 volunteers (men and women) aged 14-17 (juniors and younger juniors) who have been practicing medium distance running for at least two years. The study followed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. All subjects attended a familiarisation session on day 0 before the test commenced. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: supplements group and placebo group. A similar training cycle protocol was used in both groups. Daily sRPE values, countermovement jump measurement as well as blood creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured during 12-day training period. Results: After the end of the training cycle, a significant (p = 0.002) decrease in the countermovement jump (CMJ) height was found in the placebo group when compared to the baseline measurement. In the supplements group, there was no decrease in the countermovement jump value, which was close to the baseline level after the end of the training cycle (p>0.05). During the 12-day training period, statistically significant changes in creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were recorded between the supplements and placebo groups; its concentration increased during the training weeks similarly, and decreased on rest. All the changes were at a comparable level in both groups. The research results indicate that the supplement combination used in the supplements group prevented a reduction in the CMJ values. In contrast to supplements group, in the placebo group, the CMJ changes were statistically significant: a noticeable (p = 0.002) decrease in CMJ was noted between the baseline measurement and the 6th measurement. The well-being of the subjects from both groups changed significantly during the training period, and the intergroup differences in the mood level were similar and not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the daily co-supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (6 g) and L-arginine α-ketoglutarate (8 g) during the 12-day intensive training camp may prevent deterioration of lower limb muscle power measured by the CMJ test in the well-trained youth track and field athletes. Keywords: training camp supplementation, medium distance runners, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, HMB, L-arginine α-ketoglutarate, AAKG, countermovement jump, CK- creatine kinase, LDH – lactate dehydrogenase.

scholarly journals Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine in Preventing Intra-operative Shivering after Spinal Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hossam Ibrahim Ibrahim ◽  
Hesham Elsayed Elashry ◽  
Reda Sobhy Abdel Rahman ◽  
Osama Mahmoud Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Equal Group ◽  
Group B

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has sedative, analgesic, sympatholytic, anesthetic-sparing and hemodynamic-stabilizing properties. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intrathecal DEX as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in the prevention of shivering in patients who underwent surgeries under Intrathecal anesthesia. Methods: A prospective double-blind, controlled, randomized study was conducted on 100 patients aged above 21 years old, ASA I & II undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgeries under intrathecal anesthesia. Patients were subdivided randomly into 2 equal group; Group Bupivacaine-Dexmedetomidine (BD): 5 µg dexmedetomidine diluted in 0.5 ml 0.9% normal saline was added to 12.5 mg heavy bupivacaine 0.5% and Group Bupivacaine (B): 0.5 ml 0.9% normal saline was added to 12.5mg heavy bupivacaine 0.5% (3ml volume). Results: Shivering occurred in 9 patients (18%) in group BD and 23 patients (46%) in group B with a significant decrease in group BD compared to group B (P = 0.003). The relative risk of developing shivering was decreased 53% (95% Confidence Interval: 74 – 16%) with group BD compared to group B. Tsai and Chu score was significantly better in group BD (P = 0.013). Conclusion: The use of intrathecal DEX (5μg) in conjugation with heavy bupivacaine help decrease the incidence and intensity of shivering when compared with heavy bupivacaine alone in surgeries under spinal anesthesia.

scholarly journals Force-Sensitive Mat for Vertical Jump Measurement to Assess Lower Limb Strength: Validity and Reliability Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Vanegas ◽  
Yolocuauhtli Salazar ◽  
Raúl Igual ◽  
Inmaculada Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
High Sampling ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Vertical jump height is widely used in health care and sports fields to assess muscle strength and power from lower limb muscle groups. Different approaches have been proposed for vertical jump height measurement. Some commonly used approaches need no sensor at all; however, these methods tend to overestimate the height reached by the subjects. There are also novel systems using different kind of sensors like force-sensitive resistors, capacitive sensors, and inertial measurement units, among others, to achieve more accurate measurements. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is twofold. The first objective is to validate the functioning of a developed low-cost system able to measure vertical jump height. The second objective is to assess the effects on obtained measurements when the sampling frequency of the system is modified. METHODS The system developed in this study consists of a matrix of force-sensitive resistor sensors embedded in a mat with electronics that allow a full scan of the mat. This mat detects pressure exerted on it. The system calculates the jump height by using the flight-time formula, and the result is sent through Bluetooth to any mobile device or PC. Two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment, a total of 38 volunteers participated with the objective of validating the performance of the system against a high-speed camera used as reference (120 fps). In the second experiment, a total of 15 volunteers participated. Raw data were obtained in order to assess the effects of different sampling frequencies on the performance of the system with the same reference device. Different sampling frequencies were obtained by performing offline downsampling of the raw data. In both experiments, countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arm swing techniques were performed. RESULTS In the first experiment an overall mean relative error (MRE) of 1.98% and a mean absolute error of 0.38 cm were obtained. Bland-Altman and correlation analyses were performed, obtaining a coefficient of determination equal to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=.996. In the second experiment, sampling frequencies of 200 Hz, 100 Hz, and 66.6 Hz show similar performance with MRE below 3%. Slower sampling frequencies show an exponential increase in MRE. On both experiments, when dividing jump trials in different heights reached, a decrease in MRE with higher height trials suggests that the precision of the proposed system increases as height reached increases. CONCLUSIONS In the first experiment, we concluded that results between the proposed system and the reference are systematically the same. In the second experiment, the relevance of a sufficiently high sampling frequency is emphasized, especially for jump trials whose height is below 10 cm. For trials with heights above 30 cm, MRE decreases in general for all sampling frequencies, suggesting that at higher heights reached, the impact of high sampling frequencies is lesser.

scholarly journals Medial tibial stress syndrome: The relationship between gender and lower-extremity functional performance among collegiate track and field athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Stress Syndrome ◽  
Lower Extremity Performance

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower extremity injury in track and field athletes. Many risk factors are associated with MTSS, and lower extremity performance may become altered in athletes suffering from prior symptoms, potentially increasing risk of future injury. The purpose of this study was to first examine the effect a prior history of MTSS has on lower-extremity measures, per gender, in collegiate level track and field athletes, and then determine if such measures predict future injury. Fifty-three healthy Division III collegiate track and field athletes (mean age = 19.40 ± 1.13 years) completed an injury history questionnaire along with five preseason lower-extremity functional tests including: ankle dorsiflexion (DF), single-leg anterior reach (SLAR), two timed single-leg balance (SLBAL) tests on a force plate, and single-leg hop for distance (SLH). Performance data were compared across gender and questionnaire data regarding injury history and occurrence of MTSS. Fifteen subjects (28%) reported previous MTSS symptoms within the last 2 years. Chi-square analyses revealed females experienced more diagnoses compared to males (p = .03). Independent t-tests revealed differences between gender on all SLBAL tests, as males performed better on all recorded measures (p < .001 – p = .003). No significant differences were noted in lower-extremity performance tests between subjects with and without prior MTSS injuries. Regression analyses using postseason injury questionnaire data revealed prior MTSS injuries had 17.3 higher odds of experiencing MTSS during the season (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 17.33, 95% CI: 3.5 – 86.4; p = .001).

Effect of Gastrocnemius Kinesio Taping on Countermovement Jump Performance and Vertical Stiffness Following Muscle Fatigue

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Boozari ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sanjari ◽  
Ali Amiri ◽  
Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Limb Stiffness

Context: Kinesio tape (KT) is a widely used intervention in the fields of sports and rehabilitation. However, its effects on lower-extremity behavior during functional activities are not entirely known. Objective: To test the hypothesis that application of KT can change performance and vertical stiffness (VS) during the countermovement jump (CMJ) before and after a fatigue protocol. Design: A predesign and postdesign to study the effect of KT in 2 situations, prefatigue and postfatigue. In each fatiguing condition, there were 2 conditions with and without KT application on the gastrocnemius muscle. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Fifty healthy, nonathlete participants (26 females and 24 males). Interventions: KT application on the gastrocnemius muscle and a fatigue protocol to induce fatigue in plantar flexor muscles. Main Outcome Measures: Various jumping parameters, including jump height, maximum force, maximum power, rate of force development, eccentric lower-limb stiffness, and VS, were calculated using the vertical ground reaction force data. Eccentric lower-limb stiffness and VS were calculated using a mass-spring model. The studied variables can present lower-extremity elastic behavior and performance during CMJ. Results: The results of a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no significant effect for KT application. Fatigue resulted in lower values of jump height, maximum power, and VS. Moreover, male subjects showed greater values of jump height, maximum force, and maximum power than did females. Conclusions: The main finding of this study was that gastrocnemius KT has no effect on performance or elastic behavior of the lower-extremity during CMJ. Moreover, KT cannot reduce the adverse effect of fatigue in a functional activity such as CMJ. It seems that gastrocnemius KT is not effective for demanding activities.

scholarly journals Force-Sensitive Mat for Vertical Jump Measurement to Assess Lower Limb Strength: Validity and Reliability Study

10.2196/27336 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e27336
Author(s):  
Erik Vanegas ◽  
Yolocuauhtli Salazar ◽  
Raúl Igual ◽  
Inmaculada Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
High Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Background Vertical jump height is widely used in health care and sports fields to assess muscle strength and power from lower limb muscle groups. Different approaches have been proposed for vertical jump height measurement. Some commonly used approaches need no sensor at all; however, these methods tend to overestimate the height reached by the subjects. There are also novel systems using different kind of sensors like force-sensitive resistors, capacitive sensors, and inertial measurement units, among others, to achieve more accurate measurements. Objective The objective of this study is twofold. The first objective is to validate the functioning of a developed low-cost system able to measure vertical jump height. The second objective is to assess the effects on obtained measurements when the sampling frequency of the system is modified. Methods The system developed in this study consists of a matrix of force-sensitive resistor sensors embedded in a mat with electronics that allow a full scan of the mat. This mat detects pressure exerted on it. The system calculates the jump height by using the flight-time formula, and the result is sent through Bluetooth to any mobile device or PC. Two different experiments were performed. In the first experiment, a total of 38 volunteers participated with the objective of validating the performance of the system against a high-speed camera used as reference (120 fps). In the second experiment, a total of 15 volunteers participated. Raw data were obtained in order to assess the effects of different sampling frequencies on the performance of the system with the same reference device. Different sampling frequencies were obtained by performing offline downsampling of the raw data. In both experiments, countermovement jump and countermovement jump with arm swing techniques were performed. Results In the first experiment an overall mean relative error (MRE) of 1.98% and a mean absolute error of 0.38 cm were obtained. Bland-Altman and correlation analyses were performed, obtaining a coefficient of determination equal to R2=.996. In the second experiment, sampling frequencies of 200 Hz, 100 Hz, and 66.6 Hz show similar performance with MRE below 3%. Slower sampling frequencies show an exponential increase in MRE. On both experiments, when dividing jump trials in different heights reached, a decrease in MRE with higher height trials suggests that the precision of the proposed system increases as height reached increases. Conclusions In the first experiment, we concluded that results between the proposed system and the reference are systematically the same. In the second experiment, the relevance of a sufficiently high sampling frequency is emphasized, especially for jump trials whose height is below 10 cm. For trials with heights above 30 cm, MRE decreases in general for all sampling frequencies, suggesting that at higher heights reached, the impact of high sampling frequencies is lesser.

Distance travelled by military recruits during basic training is a significant risk factor for lower limb overuse injury

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001445
Author(s):  
Richard S. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Overuse Injury ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Stress Syndrome ◽  
High Incidence

IntroductionMilitary initial training results in a high incidence of lower limb overuse injuries (stress fractures and medial tibial stress syndrome). This study aimed to determine whether the distance travelled by recruits, both on and off duty, was a risk factor for overuse injury.Methods14 male airborne infantry recruits from three training platoons carried global positioning system receivers throughout the first 19 weeks of basic military training. Total distance travelled each day was recorded. This was compared with time of clinical manifestation of 52 lower limb overuse injuries (stress fractures and medial tibial stress syndrome) collected from the 276 airborne infantry recruits in the period immediately preceding the study.ResultsRecruits travelled significantly farther than the UK average male population in 17 of 18 measured weeks. Pearson correlation between distance travelled per week and injuries was not significant (p=0.4448); however, correlation between distance travelled per week and injuries two weeks later was significant (p=0.0263). A generalised linear model found distance travelled as a significant covariate (p=0.0144) to the expected number of injuries two weeks later.ConclusionRecruits travel long distances during basic training, particularly in the first few weeks when they are not yet conditioned. This distance travelled is likely a contributing risk factor to the high incidence of overuse injuries seen during training, and strategies to reduce this distance should be explored.

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