Children’s Motivation for Participation in and Withdrawal from Sport: Identifying the Missing Links

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen R. Weiss ◽  
Linda M. Petlichkoff
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Program Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Practical Implications

Children’s reasons for participating in sport as well as their reasons for discontinuing involvement have been extensively studied over the last decade. However, a complete understanding of the underlying processes influencing these phenomena has been clouded by failing to consider a number of individual difference and contextual factors related to sport participation. These missing links include participant status group differences, program type, level of intensity, type of sport, particular reasons for attrition, multiple assessments across a season, developmental differences, and the social structure surrounding the sport experience. Future research possibilities and practical implications for pediatric educators are provided.

Developmental Differences in Burnout Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Gendered Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu ◽  
Bailey Sommerfeld ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athlete Burnout ◽  
And Gender

Building on recent research examining athlete burnout trajectories, this study implemented the developmental model of sport participation to compare emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation between age groups (specializing [aged 13–15 years] vs. investment [aged 16–18 years]) and gender (boys vs. girls) among U.S. high school athletes. Participants were 367 high school athletes (M = 15.53; 212 males; 186 specializing) across various individual and team sports who completed a survey assessing their demographic information, sport backgrounds, and burnout perceptions. A 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of covariance, controlling for training hours, showed greater emotional and physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in the investment than the specializing group, but no developmental differences in reduced sense of accomplishment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no gender or interaction effects were found. Findings inform interventions and future research that address the role of developmental stages and gender in athlete burnout.

Competitive Cycling and Doping: Proposing a Functional Analysis Based on the Color Yellow

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Chantal ◽  
Iouri Bernache-Assollant
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Performance

The authors demonstrate in three experiments (N = 241) that yellow impacts on social perceptions when associated with competitive cycling. In Experiment 1, the image of a syringe evocated competitive cycling and doping more strongly when presented on yellow as compared with gray. In Experiment 2, a performance improvement scenario yielded more discredit of a depicted racer and higher suspicions of doping when ending on a yellow frame, as opposed to a gray one. In Experiment 3, the image of a racer wearing a yellow jersey (instead of a gray or a white one) yielded the lowest scores on measures of suitability as a role model and attractiveness of sport participation. Moreover, no significant differences emerged for gender, thereby suggesting equivalent effects for female and male participants. Finally, the authors discuss conceptual and practical implications as well as limitations before proposing a number of avenues for future research.

scholarly journals The Progressive Involvement of Youth in Niche Sport: The Perspective of Youth Participants and Their Parents

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Richard J. Buning ◽  
Cassie Coble ◽  
Shannon Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Sport Participation ◽  
Practice Framework ◽  
Deliberate Play ◽  
Practical Implications

The current study explores youth sport participation by examining the factors perceived to influence youth sampling and specialization in a niche sport. Further, the role of parental influence was examined as a contributing factor to youth sport progression. In-person semi-structured interviews were performed with 18 youth target archery participants and their parents (N = 28). Data analysis revealed target archery may provide a unique context that enhances previously agreed upon perceptions of sampling and specializing within youth sport development. The youth participants’ experiences with target archery were found to both confirm and challenge previous conceptions of the deliberate play and practice framework, while parental influence was largely based on opinion and prior experience. Based on these findings, theoretical contributions, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding Distress: An Examination of the Role of Stereotype Threat in Vigilance Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544
Author(s):  
Lindsay Rice ◽  
Eric T. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Workplace Environments ◽  
Practical Implications

Vigilance tasks are known to be stressful and highly practical tasks present in many workplace environments. Research has examined ways to alleviate this stress but has often failed to include individual difference characteristics that might increase stress. The current research examined potential gender differences in stress after completing a vigilance task. Participants completed a questionnaire pre- and post-task measuring worry, engagement, and distress (Matthews et al., 1999) for a vigilance task. Results showed that women reported more distress after the vigilance task when reminded of a negative stereotype about their gender. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for research examining distress during vigilance tasks, as well as considerations for future research.

Beyond rhetoric: re-thinking entrepreneurial marketing from a practice perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Gross ◽  
David Carson ◽  
Rosalind Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose the application of social practice theory for the investigation of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) practices. Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical gap has been found between scholarly efforts to explain the nature of EM practice and the actual marketing practice or marketing doings of small firms. Findings – The paper covers some of the EM literature and perspectives and examining the notion of “practice” in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and entrepreneurship research. Based on an increasing focus on practice in the social theory literature and the contributions of key social theorists, a discussion is framed in terms of how EM practice can be studied through the investigation material and bodily observations and common interpretations. Research limitations/implications – The paper offers a proposal that the observations of practitioners’ actions and activities and the investigation of common interpretations can be conceptualized to explain the nature of EM practice. It also gives avenues for future research. Practical implications – The paper suggests that marketing comprises a wide scope of activities or practices and, in the case of a small firm, is all-pervasive. It also suggests that scholars engage in understanding the collective, distributed, situated, ongoing and tacit nature of EM. Originality/value – The paper provides a fresh conceptual approach about how EM practice can be studied through the investigation material and bodily observations as well as common interpretations.

scholarly journals German Pre-service Teachers' Evaluations of and Reactions to Interethnic Social Exclusion Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Beißert ◽  
Meike Bonefeld
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Functioning ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relevant Category ◽  
Practical Implications

This study investigated pre-service teachers' evaluations, reactions, and interventions with regard to interethnic exclusion scenarios in Germany. More specifically, we focused on pre-service teachers (N = 145, 99 female, Mage= 21.34) in the role of observers of exclusion among students. Using hypothetical scenarios in which either a German or a Turkish boy was excluded by other children of his class, we assessed teachers' evaluations of this exclusion behavior. This included evaluating how likely teachers were to intervene in the situation and what they would specifically do. The aim of this research was to examine whether the origin of an excluded student represents a relevant category for teachers' evaluations of and reactions to social exclusion. In addition, we aimed to determine whether teachers include aspects related to group functioning in their considerations. The analyses demonstrated that teachers generally reject social exclusion, with female participants rejecting exclusion even more than male participants. Further, participants evaluated the exclusion of a Turkish protagonist as more reprehensible than the exclusion of a German protagonist. Regarding the likelihood of intervention, the origin of the excluded person was only relevant for male participants; i.e., they were less likely to intervene when the excluded person was German than when the excluded person was Turkish. Analyses of teachers' reasoning revealed their strong focus on inclusion as a social norm, especially in cases of interethnic exclusion. That is, when participants reasoned about the exclusion of the Turkish protagonist, they referred to the social norm of inclusion much more than when talking about the German protagonist. In contrast, aspects related to group functioning were scarcely of importance. In terms of the specific actions that participants would undertake as a reaction to the exclusion situation, no differences related to the origin of the excluded person were found. Hence, the origin of the excluded person factored into both the evaluation of the exclusion and the likelihood of intervention, but once the decision to intervene was made, there were no differences in the specific actions. The results are discussed in light of practical implications and teacher training as well as in terms of implications for future research.

scholarly journals Social entrepreneurship and social change: a practice-based study in non-governmental organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Rios Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine how social entrepreneurship (SE) practices give rise to social change in the context of urban Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on a broader inductive, ethnographic and iterative practice-based study conducted in three Brazilian non-governmental organizations. Findings Social change is established through intertwined practices that involve active interplay of ambivalent positive and negative feelings associated with the social mission pursued by the social enterprise; flat organizational structures that encourage participation and taking of ownership among all stakeholders; and focused organizational objectives (social purposes). Research limitations/implications The paper presents an analytical framework composed of five propositions that may be used in future research aimed at maturing and refining the understanding of SE. The study also provides a methodological contribution for future studies of new phenomenon and young fields of research that often must rely on inductive methodologies, by demonstrating how an iterative thematic analysis can be used in practice-based studies. Practical implications This paper has practical implications directly connected to its social implications, because understanding how social change is achieved may enhance the effectiveness of SE practitioners in bringing desired changes about. Furthermore, the discussion also provided insights for practitioners to reflect upon the paradoxical nature of practices aimed at social change. Originality/value The study suggests a set of propositions and an original definition of SE that mitigates conceptual inconsistencies found in literature drawing on empirical data and by incorporating the political lens found in practice theory.

Assessing sustainability reports of US universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmer Sassen ◽  
Leyla Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Social Performance ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess sustainability reports of US universities to provide findings on the relative importance of disclosure topics. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted content analysis by using a specific university-oriented catalogue of indicators to cover the specific sustainability-related aspects of this sector. Findings Sustainability reporting by universities is still in its early stages. The findings show a clear focus on the environmental dimension, whereas the university and the economic dimensions see lower levels of reporting. The social dimension is rarely addressed. Research limitations/implications Future research could use the results of this study as a basis for investigating stakeholder expectations towards universities’ sustainability reporting and developing university-specific sustainability reporting standards. Practical implications The results could be used to improve universities’ sustainability reporting, as “good” practices are now readily available. Social implications The level of reporting on the social dimension is very low. Therefore, developing political incentives to improve universities’ social performance might be of interest. Originality/value The investigated setting is unique and contributes several findings in a less-researched area along with several practical, social and research implications.

The Psychology of Collective Action

2012 ◽  
pp. 780-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
The Social

Personality and social psychology research on motivation for collective action is reviewed and integrated into a model presented in Figure 31.1. The personality work effectively identifies correlates of collective action without necessarily providing explanations of motivation. The social psychological work provides convincing motives for collective action but downplays individual difference variables. The integration of these two traditions addresses these gaps and allows for a deeper, more complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of the development of group consciousness and links to collective action. Promising areas for potential future research are discussed.

The Psychology of Collective Action

2018 ◽  
pp. 884-908
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Politically Active

Personality and social psychology research on motivation for collective action is reviewed and integrated into a model. Integrating individual difference variables into the study of motivation for collective action allows a deeper, more complex understanding of this motivation and can explain why some group members develop group consciousness and become politically active whereas others do not. The personality work effectively identifies correlates of collective action without necessarily providing explanations of motivation. The social psychological work provides convincing motives for collective action but downplays individual difference variables. The integration of these two traditions addresses these gaps and allows for a deeper, more complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of the development of group consciousness and links to collective action. Promising areas for potential future research are discussed.

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