Using a Facemask and Sealant to Measure Respiratory Gas Exchange in Children during Exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
Kira Q. Stolen ◽  
Julie A. Gay
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Nose Clip

The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiorespiratory responses during treadmill exercise in 19 children (age, 10.5 ± 1.6 years) wearing a facemask and sealant versus a mouthpiece and nose clip. Cardiorespiratory responses were measured at 80.4 m · min−1, 134.0 m · min−1 and at peak exercise during two separate exercise tests. During the facemask trial, VO2 (ml · kg−1 min−1) was 16.9 ±3.1 at 80.4 m · min−1, 36.2 ± 3.9 at 134.0 m · min−1, and 49.5 ± 5.6 at peak exercise. During the mouthpiece trial, VO2 was 17.2 ± 2.8,36.7 ± 3.9, and 49.9 ± 5.2, respectively. VE (L · min−1) at the three intensities were 13.6 ± 2.2, 34.3 ± 5.7, and 56.5 ±11.1 for the facemask trial and 13.2 ± 1.6, 33.4 ± 5.0, and 54.8 ± 11.9 for the mouthpiece trial, respectively. Differences between trials were not significant. Intraclass correlations between the trials for VO2, (ml · kg −1 · min−1) ranged from R = 0.83 while walking to R = 0.95 at peak exercise; for VE, the intraclass correlations ranged from R = 0,63 to R = 0.91. In conclusion, die use of a facemask and sealant during exercise testing in this age group produced comparable results to those obtained using a mouthpiece and nose clip, and was more preferred.

scholarly journals Ventilatory compensation during the incremental exercise test is inversely correlated with air trapping in COPD

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Rottem Kuint ◽  
Neville Berkman ◽  
Samir Nusair
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Copd Patients

Background: Air trapping and gas exchange abnormalities are major causes of exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing, actual nadir values of ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (V E/VCO 2) and oxygen (V E/VO 2) may be difficult to identify in COPD patients because of limited ventilatory compensation capacity. Therefore, we aimed in this exploratory study to detect a possible correlation between the magnitude of ventilation augmentation, as manifested by increments in ventilatory equivalents from nadir to peak exercise values and air trapping, detected with static testing.    Methods: In this observational study, we studied data obtained previously from 20 COPD patients who, during routine follow-up, underwent a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and in whom a plethysmography was obtained concurrently. Air trapping at rest was assessed by measurement of the residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (RV/TLC). Gas exchange data collected during the symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test allowed determination of the nadir and peak exercise values of V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, thus enabling calculation of the difference between peak exrcise value and nadir values of  V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, designated ΔV E/VCO 2 and ΔV E/VO 2, respectively. Results: We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between both ΔV E/VCO 2 (r = -0. 5058, 95% CI -0.7750 to -0.08149, p = 0.0234) and ΔV E/VO 2 (r = -0.5588, 95% CI -0.8029 to -0.1545, p = 0.0104) and the degree of air trapping (RV/TLC). There was no correlation between ΔV E/VCO 2 and forced expiratory volume in the first second, or body mass index.  Conclusions: The ventilatory equivalents increment to compensate for acidosis during incremental exercise testing was inversely correlated with air trapping (RV/TLC).

Abstract 19492: Novel Assessment of Pulmonary and Systemic Pressures During Treadmill Testing via Implantable Telemetry in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Zinn ◽  
Rachel Novack ◽  
Amanda Fisher ◽  
Robert Presson ◽  
Dmitry Zaretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Objectives: 1) To determine if pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) may be measured simultaneously with systemic blood pressures (BP) during exercise testing in laboratory rats using implantable telemetry; and 2) To determine the relationship of exercise intensity to acute PAP exercise responses over the course of PAH development. Methods: A specialized implantable transmitter (Data Sciences International); via telemetry following thoracotomy with right ventricular (RV) and abdominal aortic catheter positioning, respectively enabled simultaneous systolic, diastolic and mean PAP and BP recordings. Following recovery, an incremental treadmill test measured maximal aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) via analysis of expired gases. Steady state exercise testing was then performed for 3 different submaximal relative intensities: 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max. Pressures were recorded during each test, as well as pre- and post- exercise. At 2.5 weeks following monocrotaline (MCT, 40 mg/kg) administration (mild PH) and 7 weeks post-MCT (advanced PH), VO 2 max and steady-state exercise tests were repeated. Results: Compared to pre-MCT, at 2.5 weeks post-MCT systolic PAP increased from 25 to 41 mmHg at rest; from 105 to 117 mmHg at peak exercise; and from 40 to 58 mmHg, 46 to 65 mmHg, and 55 to 75 mmHg during running at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively. At 7 weeks post-MCT, PAP further increased at rest (to 59 mmHg), and during steady state running (to 69, 70, and 73 mmHg, at 50, 75, and 90% VO 2 max, respectively). During recovery from steady state exercise, the fall in PAP occurred more rapidly post-MCT, bringing PAP to even lower than resting from 10 min to 2h into recovery. Conclusions: Using implantable telemetry we have accomplished dual pressure recordings during serial exercise tests before and after PAH induction. The rise in PAP relative to exercise intensity is steeper in PAH but is accompanied by a post-exercise window of normalized PAP, which may be attributed to pronounced acute pulmonary endothelial activation. Future work will investigate how these acute effects translate to wall stress and RV remodeling with chronic exercise training and may allow for optimized exercise prescription for patients affected with PAH.

The Influence of Exercise Test Protocol on Perceived Exertion at Submaximal Exercise Intensities in Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
David M. Plank ◽  
Molly J. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Sensory Signal ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Graded Exercise

This study examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using Borg's 6-20 scale at 50 W, 80 W, and ventilatory threshold (VT) in 10-year-old children (n = 15) during two different graded exercise tests. Power output was increased by 10 W•min−1 in one protocol and by 30 W•3 min−1 in the other. The cardiorespiratory responses at VT and peak exercise were similar between protocols. At 50 W and 80 W the cardiorespiratory responses were generally lower (P < 0.05) in the 10-W trial. However, RPE was 11.5 ± 2.9 and 12.1 ± 3.2 at 50 W and 15.1 ± 2.7 and 15.3 ± 2.8 at 80 W in the 10-W and 30-W trials, respectively (P > 0.05). The RPE at VT was 13.9 ± 2.4 in the 10-W trial and 12.4 ± 2.4 in the 30-W trial (P < 0.05). In that variations in submaximal RPE did not coincide with variations in central mediators of exertion, locals cues of exertion may have provided the dominate sensory signal. Key words: ventilatory threshold, cardiorespiratory measures, exercise test, peak VO2, cycle ergometry, RPE

Virtual Reality Serves as a Support Technology in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Yow Chuang ◽  
Chih-Hung Chen ◽  
Hwa-Ann Chang ◽  
Hui-Chen Lee ◽  
Cheng-Lian Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Exercise Tests

The purpose of this study was to develop a virtual cycling system and examine the influence of virtual reality (VR) on test performance during clinical exercise testing. We aimed to compare the physiological responses of the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems during incremental exercise testing with or without VR, and to measure VR effects on the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and cycling duration throughout the test. Twelve healthy senior citizens (ten men and two women) with a mean age of 74.5-4.7 years participated in the study. The codes of behavior for this study included a maximum graded exercise tolerance test, a submaximal endurance VR exercise, and a submaximal endurance non-VR exercise. A friction-braked cycle ergometer was used to conduct the exercise tests. For the subject's movement speed to create an appropriate environment flow on the display screen, the bike was connected to a personal computer. The cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated at both peak and submaximal exertion. The results show that the VR versus non-VR programs did not differ on submaximal and peak exercise responses during the cycling test. However, significant differences were observed between the mean values for cycling duration, distance, and energy consumption. The difference between RPE curves for VR and non-VR protocols revealed promising results within 45 min. of cycling (Breslow test, p = .06); however, no statistical significance was achieved at the test termination (log rank test, p =.17). In conclusion, this study found that the maintenance of endurance, the increase in target intensity, and total energy consumption in exercise programs may be assisted by introducing VR technology. In addition, the activities taking place in virtual environments can be performed in complete safety.

scholarly journals Discriminative Validity of Metabolic and Workload Measurements for Identifying People With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1484-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Snell ◽  
Staci R. Stevens ◽  
Todd E. Davenport ◽  
J. Mark Van Ness
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Discriminative Validity ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome

BackgroundReduced functional capacity and postexertion fatigue after physical activity are hallmark symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and may even qualify for biomarker status. That these symptoms are often delayed may explain the equivocal results for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing in people with CFS. Test reproducibility in people who are healthy is well documented. Test reproducibility may not be achievable in people with CFS because of delayed symptoms.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the discriminative validity of objective measurements obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing to distinguish participants with CFS from participants who did not have a disability but were sedentary.DesignA prospective cohort study was conducted.MethodsGas exchange data, workloads, and related physiological parameters were compared in 51 participants with CFS and 10 control participants, all women, for 2 maximal exercise tests separated by 24 hours.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed no significant differences between control participants and participants with CFS for test 1. However, for test 2, participants with CFS achieved significantly lower values for oxygen consumption and workload at peak exercise and at the ventilatory or anaerobic threshold. Follow-up classification analysis differentiated between groups with an overall accuracy of 95.1%.LimitationsOnly individuals with CFS who were able to undergo exercise testing were included in this study. Individuals who were unable to meet the criteria for maximal effort during both tests, were unable to complete the 2-day protocol, or displayed overt cardiovascular abnormalities were excluded from the analysis.ConclusionsThe lack of any significant differences between groups for the first exercise test would appear to support a deconditioning hypothesis for CFS symptoms. However, the results from the second test indicated the presence of CFS-related postexertion fatigue. It might be concluded that a single exercise test is insufficient to reliably demonstrate functional impairment in people with CFS. A second test might be necessary to document the atypical recovery response and protracted fatigue possibly unique to CFS, which can severely limit productivity in the home and workplace.

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