Single-Subject Evaluation of a Self-Talk Package for Improving Figure Skating Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Ming ◽  
Garry L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Self Talk

A self-talk package was used to improve performance of compulsory figures by prenovice- and novice-level figure skaters. The study included ongoing objective behavioral assessment across practices of the figure skating performance as well as the extent to which the skaters actually utilized the self-talk. A multi-element design with multiple baseline replications across 4 participants demonstrated that improvements were due to the treatment. Self-report follow-up at 1 year indicated that the participants continued to utilize the selftalk during practices and that they believed that it enhanced their test and/or competitive performance. The results support the view that planned self-talk can aid skill acquisition. Results are conceptualized in terms of rule-governed control over behavior, which may provide a useful framework for enabling sport psychologists to increase the efficacy of self-talk interventions.

“Hey Dad, Watch Me”: The Effects of Training a Child to Teach Pain Management Skills to a Parent With Recurrent Headaches

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant J. Devilly ◽  
Matthew R. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Self Talk

This study examines the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural program for recurrent headaches which was first implemented with an 8-year-old boy suffering from headaches. The child was subsequently trained to implement the same intervention with his father who also suffered from headaches. The treatment involved pain management skills, such as relaxation training, imagery, positive self-talk, and distraction techniques. In addition, a parent contingency management component involving the mother was employed. The treatment intervention was sequentially introduced to the child and father in a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline across-subjects design. Headache diaries and self-report measures were completed by both clients. From pre- to posttreatment there was respectively a 92.5% and 86.7% improvement in headache frequency, a 67% and 85% improvement in mean headache intensity and a 89.44% and 28% improvement in headache duration. Three-month follow-up data showed that both subjects had 100% improvement rates on all headache measures. The results highlight that some children can successfully teach their parents pain management skills. Possible implications of the results for the treatment of families, where multiple family members suffer from pain, are discussed.

scholarly journals Behavior-analytic intervention for women with fibromyalgia and insomnia: a single subject design

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luziane de Fátima Kirchner ◽  
Maria de Jesus Dutra dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Interpersonal Environment ◽  
Insomnia Severity

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects in the pain and sleep, and the clinic significance after an analytic-behavioral intervention to manage the condition of the physical and interpersonal environment related to pain. Four women with fibromyalgia and insomnia participated in a study with intervention withdrawal multiple baseline design and initial, intermediate, final, and follow-up assessments. Self-report instruments were used to assess pain intensity and disability, sleep quality, and insomnia severity, besides the actigraphy. Data showed that the intervention (20 sessions) was effective in reducing the sleep and pain problems in all participants by shifting two participants from clinical to non-clinical status in sleep indicators. The gains were maintained or increased in follow-up measures. However, the results should take into consideration the clinical condition and other variables that may have individually impacted the results.

An Online Intervention to Support Student-Athlete Mental Health: Implementation, Evaluation, and Critical Reflection

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-54-S1-61
Author(s):  
Ben Laslett ◽  
Mark Uphill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Mental Well Being

This study examined the influence of two interventions (therapeutic letter to self; values targeting) on student-athletes’ mental health using two variants of a single-subject design: a multiple-baseline single-subject design and a probe design. Four high-ability student-athletes (two males and two females) who competed in various sports (e.g., soccer and cycling) completed two preintervention measures (Mental Health Continuum Short Form; Clinical Outcomes Routine Evaluation 10) at baseline. These measures were then readministered after Intervention 1, Intervention 2, and at a 2-week follow-up using a probe design. Mental well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale) was assessed every 2 days from start to finish using a multiple-baseline across-participants design. Data were analyzed via visual inspection methods, specifically, immediacy of effect, mean change, effect sizes, and percentage of overlapping data. Results indicated that two participants who completed the study (Nina and Tim) showed an increase in total mental health and a decrease in psychological distress from baseline to follow-up. Findings are discussed with respect to prior research and study limitations.

The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention Program on Performers: II. Training the Butterflies to Fly in Formation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Hanton ◽  
Graham Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Self Talk

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multimodal intervention on swimmers debilitated by anxiety. A staggered single-subject multiple-baseline across-subjects design was used over 10 competitive races for 4 swimmers. Baseline observations on cognitive and somatic anxiety “direction” (facilitative/debilitating) scores were collected for three, four, and five races for Participants 2, 3, and 4, respectively, prior to treatment. The intervention was designed based on qualitative data from Hanton and Jones’s (1999) study and included the skills of goal setting, imagery, and self-talk. These psychological skills emerged as particularly important from Hanton and Jones’s investigation as a means of maintaining facilitative interpretations of precompetition anxiety symptoms. Preintervention, all participants reported debilitating interpretations of cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms. However, post intervention, the 3 participants who received treatment reported facilitative interpretations. Performance improvements were also evident for these swimmers. A postintervention follow-up showed that swimmers’ interpretations were still facilitative.

The Effects of an Imagery Rehearsal, Relaxation, and Self-Talk Package on Basketball Game Performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Kendall ◽  
Dennis Hrycaiko ◽  
Garry L. Martin ◽  
Tom Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Social Validity ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Imagery Rehearsal

This study investigated the effects of an imagery rehearsal, relaxation, and self-talk package on the performance of a specific defensive basketball skill during competition. Subjects were four female intercollegiate basketball players. A single-subject multiple-baseline-across-individuals design was employed to evaluate the intervention package. The intervention was clearly effective in enhancing a basketball skill during games, and social validity measures were very positive. The need for further research in this area is discussed.

Developing Competitive Endurance Performance Using Mental Skills Training

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Thelwell ◽  
Iain A. Greenlees
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Mental Skills Training ◽  
Training Package ◽  
Mental Skill ◽  
Self Talk

The present study examined the effects of a mental skills training package on competitive gymnasium triathlon performance and evaluated the utilization and impacts of the mental skills during performance. Four participants competed against each other on ten occasions in a single-subject multiple baseline across individuals design, which was used to evaluate an intervention package including goal setting, relaxation, imagery, and self-talk. The results indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing all participants’ competitive triathlon performance and usage of mental skills from baseline to intervention phases. Qualitative data revealed that each of the mental skills were employed both prior to and during each triathlon and had varying impacts depending on when they were utilized. Issues regarding mental skill effectiveness and usage within competitive endurance performance are discussed.

scholarly journals Teknik Menggambar Untuk Menurunkan Emosi Marah Pada Peserta Didik Di SMA Negeri-2 Palangkaraya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Karyanti Karyanti ◽  
Yanti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design

Layanan Konseling Kelompok Dengan Teknik Menggambar Untuk Menurunkan Emosi Marah Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri-2 Palangka Raya Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan Layanan Konseling Kelompok Dengan Teknik Menggambar Untuk Menurunkan Emosi Marah Peserta Didik Di SMA Negeri-2 Palangka Raya. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Single Subject Design (SSD) dengan Multiple Baseline Across Subject. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 pesera didik di kelas X MIPA-6 SMA Negeri 2 Palangkaraya tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang teridentifikasi sebagai peserta didik yang berperilaku emosi marah dalam kategori cendrung tinggi, masing-masing diidentifikasi dari rubic observasi analisis analisis visual dengan memperhatikan perubahan level dan trend. Hasil analisis menunjukan kesembilan subjek pada fase baseline memiliki perilaku emosi marah yang cendrung tinggi. Pada fase intervensi terakhir kesembilan subjek mengalami penurunan kategori dari kategori tinggi menjadi sedang dan dari kategori sedang menjadi rendah. Pada fase berikutnya yaitu pada fase maintenance atau fase follow up, pergerakan data stabil seperti data pada pengukuran intervensi. Berdasarkan data tersebut trend dan level mengalami penurunan yang cukup tajam. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan konseling kelompok dengan teknik menggambar dapat mengurangi emosi marah peserta didik di kelas X MIPA-6 SMA Negeri 2 Palangkaraya

scholarly journals The Effects of Mindfulness Intervention on the Social Skills of Students with Specific Learning Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Haniye Mohammad Esmmaeelbeygi ◽  
Ghorban Hemati Alamdarloo ◽  
Diba Seif ◽  
Fatemeh Soosan Jabbari
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Mindfulness Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Learning

The aim of the present study was to determining the effect of mindfulness intervention on social skills of the students with specific learning disability (SLD). For this purpose, in a single- subject multiple baseline across subjects, three students with SLD in the third grade of primary school were selected as participants. The instrument for assessment of social skills was social skills rating system (SSRS) by Gresham, & Elliott, in a checklist format that was completed by parents. Mindfulness intervention was conducted in eight 45-minutes’ sessions individually, in a single subject multiple baseline across subjects. The checklist of social skills were completed by the parents during the base line, intervention, and follow-up procedures. Comparing the participants’ performance in the base line, intervention and follow-up procedures demonstrated that the mindfulness intervention had positive effects on the social skills of all the three participants. This study demonstrated that mindfulness intervention improves social skills in children with SLD.

scholarly journals Self-Talk and Female Youth Soccer Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle J.M. Johnson ◽  
Dennis W. Hrycaiko ◽  
Gary V. Johnson ◽  
Joannie M. Halas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Social Validity Assessment

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of teaching skilled athletes to use self-talk (ST) and gain insight on the athlete’s perceptions of the ST intervention and how it influenced their performance. The participants were four female players from an “elite” under fourteen female regional soccer team. A single-subject design, the multiple baseline across individuals, was used to examine the effects of the ST strategy on performance. The results of the study demonstrated that the ST strategy improved soccer shooting performance for two of the three experimental participants. The social validity assessment found that both the coach and the participants were very satisfied with the results and believed the ST strategy to be an important component in improving their performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Micronutrients on Insomnia in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lothian ◽  
Neville M. Blampied ◽  
Julia J. Rucklidge
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Open Label Trial ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Insomnia is a debilitating condition causing psychological distress and frequently comorbid with other mental health conditions. This study examined the effect of 8 weeks of treatment by broad spectrum micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) on insomnia using a multiple-baseline-across-participants open-label trial design. Seventeen adults were randomized to 1-, 2-, or 3-week baseline periods (14 completed). Self-report measures were the Consensus Sleep Diary–Morning (CSD-M), the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale (PIRS), and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS). Baselines were generally stable. Treatment completers reported reliable and clinically significant change in insomnia severity (PIRS), in depression, stress, and anxiety (DASS), and on at least two aspects of sleep measured by the CDS-M. All completers were treatment-compliant, and side effects were minimal. Nutritional supplementation is shown to be a novel, beneficial treatment for insomnia in adults. Follow-up research using placebo-controlled designs as well as comparisons to cognitive-behavioral and other treatments is recommended.

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