The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention Program on Performers: II. Training the Butterflies to Fly in Formation

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Hanton ◽  
Graham Jones
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Self Talk

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multimodal intervention on swimmers debilitated by anxiety. A staggered single-subject multiple-baseline across-subjects design was used over 10 competitive races for 4 swimmers. Baseline observations on cognitive and somatic anxiety “direction” (facilitative/debilitating) scores were collected for three, four, and five races for Participants 2, 3, and 4, respectively, prior to treatment. The intervention was designed based on qualitative data from Hanton and Jones’s (1999) study and included the skills of goal setting, imagery, and self-talk. These psychological skills emerged as particularly important from Hanton and Jones’s investigation as a means of maintaining facilitative interpretations of precompetition anxiety symptoms. Preintervention, all participants reported debilitating interpretations of cognitive and somatic anxiety symptoms. However, post intervention, the 3 participants who received treatment reported facilitative interpretations. Performance improvements were also evident for these swimmers. A postintervention follow-up showed that swimmers’ interpretations were still facilitative.

Teaching Sport Psychology for Now and the Future? The Psychological UNIFORM with High School Varsity Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenelle N. Gilbert ◽  
Stephanie D. Moore-Reed ◽  
Alexandra M. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Varsity Athletes ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Soccer Team

Adolescent athletes can use psychological skills immediately after being taught, but a dearth of empirical evidence exists regarding whether these skills are maintained over time. A 12-week curriculum (i.e., UNIFORM; Gilbert, 2011) was taught to a high school varsity soccer team with three data collection points: pretest, posttest, 4-week follow-up. Use of several skills was significantly greater posttest compared with pretest as measured by the Test of Performance Strategies (Thomas, Murphy, & Hardy, 1999). Follow-up results were also salient. Relaxation, imagery, and self-talk use in practice was significantly greater than pretest at follow-up; relaxation, imagery, goal setting, and self-talk in competition showed similar results. Descriptive statistics and qualitative data triangulate these results. The UNIFORM curriculum enabled the athletes to use the skills more consistently. This study makes a contribution by measuring the skills at follow-up and providing evidence of their continued use four weeks after the curriculum’s conclusion.

Early Intervention with Autistic Children: A Case Presentation with Pre-Program, Program and Follow-up Data

1983 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-722E ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Groden ◽  
Dale Dominque ◽  
Marie Chesnick ◽  
June Groden ◽  
Grace Baron
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Early Intervention Program ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Poor Outcome

Follow-up reports of children with autism have generally showed poor outcome. Much of the data used in these reports was derived from studies in which the children were treated at some point beyond infancy or in which the treatment was not behavioral. This article, which presents a case and describes a program, documents through pre- and post-intervention, as well as follow-up data, dramatic intellectual and behavioral/social changes in a child who, at age 2 yr., entered an early intervention program for autistic infants. The article is of significance in that it shows what might be accomplished with a child with these difficulties through early intervention.

Single-Subject Evaluation of a Self-Talk Package for Improving Figure Skating Performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri Ming ◽  
Garry L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Self Talk

A self-talk package was used to improve performance of compulsory figures by prenovice- and novice-level figure skaters. The study included ongoing objective behavioral assessment across practices of the figure skating performance as well as the extent to which the skaters actually utilized the self-talk. A multi-element design with multiple baseline replications across 4 participants demonstrated that improvements were due to the treatment. Self-report follow-up at 1 year indicated that the participants continued to utilize the selftalk during practices and that they believed that it enhanced their test and/or competitive performance. The results support the view that planned self-talk can aid skill acquisition. Results are conceptualized in terms of rule-governed control over behavior, which may provide a useful framework for enabling sport psychologists to increase the efficacy of self-talk interventions.

scholarly journals School-based intervention: evaluating the role of water, latrines and hygiene education on trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections in Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizu Gelaye ◽  
Abera Kumie ◽  
Nigusu Aboset ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Michelle A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The Impact

We sought to evaluate the impact of a hygiene and sanitation intervention program among school-children to control active trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections. This longitudinal epidemiologic study was conducted among 630 students in rural Ethiopia. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted to evaluate the impact of a three-pronged intervention program: (i) construction of ventilated improved pit latrines; (ii) provision of clean drinking water; and (iii) hygiene education. Socio-demographic information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Presence of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infections were evaluated using standard procedures. At baseline, 15% of students had active trachoma, while 6.7% of them were found to have active trachoma post-intervention (p < 0.001). Similar improvements were noted for parasitic infections. At baseline, 7% of students were reported to have helminthic infections and 30.2% protozoa infections. However, only 4% of students had any helminthic infection and 13.4% (p < 0.001) of them were found to have any protozoa infection during follow-up surveys. Improvements were also noted in students' knowledge and attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation. In summary, the results of our study demonstrated that provision of a comprehensive and targeted sanitation intervention program was successful in reducing the burden of trachoma and intestinal parasitic infection among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Training Improves Quality of Life and Reduces Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Police Officers: Results From the POLICE Study—A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Trombka ◽  
Marcelo Demarzo ◽  
Daniel Campos ◽  
Sonia B. Antonio ◽  
Karen Cicuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Police officers' high-stress levels and its deleterious consequences are raising awareness to an epidemic of mental health problems and quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a growing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are efficacious to promote mental health and well-being among high-stress occupations.Methods: The POLICE study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up) where police officers were randomized to mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) (n = 88) or a waiting list (n = 82). This article focuses on QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and religiosity outcomes. Mechanisms of change and MBHP feasibility were evaluated.Results: Significant group × time interaction was found for QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and non-organizational religiosity. Between-group analysis showed that MBHP group exhibited greater improvements in QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms at both post-intervention (QoL d = 0.69 to 1.01; depression d = 0.97; anxiety d = 0.73) and 6-month follow-up (QoL d = 0.41 to 0.74; depression d = 0.60; anxiety d = 0.51), in addition to increasing non-organizational religiosity at post-intervention (d = 0.31). Changes on self-compassion mediated the relationship between group and pre-to-post changes for all QoL domains and facets. Group effect on QoL overall health facet at post-intervention was moderated by mindfulness trait and spirituality changes.Conclusion: MBHP is feasible and efficacious to improve QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian officers. Results were maintained after 6 months. MBHP increased non-organizational religiosity, although the effect was not sustained 6 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first mindfulness-based intervention RCT to empirically demonstrate these effects among police officers. Self-compassion, mindfulness trait, and spirituality mechanisms of change are examined.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT03114605.

A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver burden in schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Martín-Carrasco ◽  
P. Fernández-Catalina ◽  
A.I. Domínguez-Panchón ◽  
M. Gonçalves-Pereira ◽  
E. González-Fraile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Psychoeducational Intervention ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Control Intervention

AbstractBackgroundPatient's relatives usually care for patients with schizophrenia, and as informal caregivers they experience negative consequences. The aim of the EDUCA-III trial is to test the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention program (PIP) versus standard care to reduce the caregiver burden at post-intervention (4 months), and at follow-up (8 months).MethodA two-arm, evaluator blind, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. The PIP group had 12 weekly group sessions. The control intervention group had the usual support and standard care. Primary outcomes were change scores since baseline on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ).ResultsOne hundred and nine caregivers were randomized to PIP and 114 to control condition from 23 research sites. The decrease of ZBI scores was significantly higher on the PIP arm at 4 months (mean difference [MD] = −4.33; 95% CI −7.96, −0.71), and at 8 months (MD = −4.46; 95% CI −7.79, −1.13). There were no significant decreases in the IEQ scores (MD at 4 months = −2.80; 95% CI −6.27, 0.67; MD at 8 months = −2.85; 95% CI −6.51, 0.81).ConclusionsThe PIP condition seems to reduce caregiver burden.Trial registrationISRCTN32545295.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Intervention Program Based upon a Process Model of Health Motivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Xu ◽  
Liyan Zhao ◽  
David Mellor
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Health Motivation ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Smoking Behaviors

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of participation in a health motivation-based intervention program on college students’ smoking behavior. One hundred and seventy smokers (mean age = 19.0 years, 151 males) from nine colleges and universities in Chengdu, China were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups that received between one and four sessions of the intervention, or no intervention. The intervention sessions included sequential activities based on the stages of the process model of health motivation. Each group completed questionnaires assessing health motivation and smoking behaviors at pre-test, immediately post-intervention, and at one month follow-up. Analyses indicated that the intervention program did improve participants’ health motivation, and that was associated with reduced levels of smoking relative to baseline. The greater the number of sessions, the greater the reduction in smoking.

scholarly journals Strategies to Reduce Inappropriate Laboratory Blood Test Orders in Intensive Care Are Effective and Safe: A Before-And-After Quality Improvement Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Dhanani ◽  
A. G. Barnett ◽  
J. Lipman ◽  
M. C. Reade
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Patient Harm ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Multimodal Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Ordering

Unnecessary pathology tests performed in intensive care units (ICU) might lead to increased costs of care and potential patient harm due to unnecessary phlebotomy. We hypothesised that a multimodal intervention program could result in a safe and effective reduction in the pathology tests ordered in our ICU. We conducted a single-centre pre- and post-study using multimodal interventions to address commonly ordered routine tests. The study was performed during the same six month period (August to February) over three years: 2012 to 2013 (pre-intervention), 2013 to 2014 (intervention) and 2014 to 2015 (post-intervention). Interventions consisted of staff education, designing new pathology forms, consultant-led pathology test ordering and intensive monitoring for a six-month period. The results of the study showed that there was a net savings of over A$213,000 in the intervention period and A$175,000 in the post-intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period. There was a 28% reduction in the tests performed in the intervention period (P <0.0001 compared to pre-intervention period) and 26% in the post-intervention period (P <0.0001 compared to pre-intervention period). There were no ICU or hospital mortality differences between the groups. There were no significant haemoglobin differences between the groups. A multimodal intervention safely reduced pathology test ordering in the ICU, resulting in substantial cost savings.

Smart Golf: Preliminary Evaluation of a Simple, Yet Comprehensive, Approach to Improving and Scoring the Mental Game

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Kirschenbaum ◽  
DeDe Owens ◽  
Edmund A. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Self Talk

Smart Golf is a comprehensive approach to improving and scoring the mental game in golf. The five components are preparation, positive focusing (positive self-monitoring), plan, apply, and react. The acronym PAR summarizes the latter three components. A simple scoring system encourages golfers to self-monitor their use of the Smart Golf approach. In this preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of the approach, five experienced golfers (M years of playing = 17.8) participated in a 4-week seminar. Process measures indicated the extent to which participants used the approach. Outcome measures included golf scores at pre- and postintervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Psychological skills were also assessed at pre- and postintervention. Process analyses revealed that participants used the approach consistently during the seminar and follow-up period. All participants improved two critical psychological skills (emotional control and positive self-talk) as well as their average scores (at postintervention) and handicaps (at follow-up).

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Program for Children with Clinical Anxiety Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Olga Zikopoulou ◽  
Ronald M. Rapee ◽  
Gregoris Simos
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Post Intervention

High anxiety and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health problems in children and lead to significant interference with children’s daily functioning. Most empirical evaluations of treatment come from English-language countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and replicate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention program to manage anxiety in children among children from Greece. Forty-one children–parent(s) dyads participated in the study. Children were 9–12 years old, with clinically elevated symptoms of anxiety, and they were assigned to either the standard group treatment (cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)) or to a waitlist group (WL). Both children and their parents in the CBT group reported statistically significant reductions in children’s anxiety symptoms at post-intervention and at the 6-month follow-up. A significant reduction was also found in life interference due to anxiety according to both child and parent reports. In contrast, no significant changes in anxiety symptoms or life interference were reported among the WL. The current results support the effectiveness of a CBT program for anxious children from a non-clinic, non-school setting in Greece.

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