scholarly journals Quantum computation with universal error mitigation on a superconducting quantum processor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaaw5686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Song ◽  
Jing Cui ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
J. Hao ◽  
H. Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Superconducting Device ◽  
Error Mitigation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Quantum Processor ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Medium-scale quantum devices that integrate about hundreds of physical qubits are likely to be developed in the near future. However, these devices will lack the resources for realizing quantum fault tolerance. Therefore, the main challenge of exploring the advantage of quantum computation is to minimize the impact of device and control imperfections without complete logical encoding. Quantum error mitigation is a solution satisfying the requirement. Here, we demonstrate an error mitigation protocol based on gate set tomography and quasi-probability decomposition. One- and two-qubit circuits are tested on a superconducting device, and computation errors are successfully suppressed. Because this protocol is universal for digital quantum computers and algorithms computing expected values, our results suggest that error mitigation can be an essential component of near-future quantum computation.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Quantum Computers in Cryogenic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 24919-24920
Author(s):  
Viplove Divyasheesh ◽  
Rakesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Quantum Bits ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Quantum Processor ◽  
Quantum Phenomena ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electronic Controller ◽  
And Control

Quantum computers consist of a quantum processor – sets of quantum bits or qubits operating at an extremely low temperature – and a classical electronic controller to read out and control the processor. The machines utilize the unusual properties of matter at extremely small scales – the fact that a qubit, can represent “1” and “0” at the same time, a phenomenon known as superposition. (In traditional digital computing, transistors in silicon chips can exist in one of two states represented in binary by a 1 or 0 not both). Under the right conditions, computations carried out with qubits are equivalent to numerous classical computations performed in parallel, thus greatly enhancing computing power compared to today’s powerful supercomputers and the ability to solve complex problems without the sort of experiments necessary to generate quantum phenomena. this technology is unstable and needs to be stored in a cool environment for faster and more secure operation.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of integrating quantum computers with electronics at deep cryogenic temperatures.  

scholarly journals Multi-exponential error extrapolation and combining error mitigation techniques for NISQ applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Error Mitigation ◽  
Sampling Cost ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Error Count

AbstractNoise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which requires large qubit overhead, we turn to quantum error mitigation, in which we make use of extra measurements. Error extrapolation is an error mitigation technique that has been successfully implemented experimentally. Numerical simulation and heuristic arguments have indicated that exponential curves are effective for extrapolation in the large circuit limit with an expected circuit error count around unity. In this Article, we extend this to multi-exponential error extrapolation and provide more rigorous proof for its effectiveness under Pauli noise. This is further validated via our numerical simulations, showing orders of magnitude improvements in the estimation accuracy over single-exponential extrapolation. Moreover, we develop methods to combine error extrapolation with two other error mitigation techniques: quasi-probability and symmetry verification, through exploiting features of these individual techniques. As shown in our simulation, our combined method can achieve low estimation bias with a sampling cost multiple times smaller than quasi-probability while without needing to be able to adjust the hardware error rate as required in canonical error extrapolation.

scholarly journals Practical Quantum Error Mitigation for Near-Future Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Endo ◽  
Simon C. Benjamin ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Error Mitigation ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Near Future

TARGETING IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF FIELD ARTILLERY

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Tomasz CAŁKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

One of the most significant issues in exercising command and control is the implementation of such methods and procedures that could enable the most effective use of field artillery capabilities. One of these methods is targeting. This process has been implemented in the Command and Control Procedures of the Polish Armed Forces for several years.This article focuses on the targeting process in the Land Forces. Special attention is paid to the functions involved in this process and its significance in the command and control process. Assuming that in the near future the implementation of this process will become fact, a number of organizational and procedural arrangements in field artillery will have to change. Therefore, the article mainly attempts to determine the impact of targeting on specific aspects of the command and control of field artillery in order to identify problem areas where these changes may be necessary. As a result, the focus is on the decision problems solved as part of targeting and organizational considerations.

scholarly journals Experimental error mitigation using linear rescaling for variational quantum eigensolving with up to 20 qubits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliott Rosenberg ◽  
Paul Ginsparg ◽  
Peter L. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Error Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
Mixed Field ◽  
Variational Algorithms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values ◽  
Ground State Energies

Abstract Quantum computers have the potential to help solve a range of physics and chemistry problems, but noise in quantum hardware currently limits our ability to obtain accurate results from the execution of quantum-simulation algorithms. Various methods have been proposed to mitigate the impact of noise on variational algorithms, including several that model the noise as damping expectation values of observables. In this work, we benchmark various methods, including a new method proposed here. We compare their performance in estimating the ground-state energies of several instances of the 1D mixed-field Ising model using the variational-quantum-eigensolver algorithm with up to 20 qubits on two of IBM's quantum computers. We find that several error-mitigation techniques allow us to recover energies to within 10% of the true values for circuits containing up to about 25 ansatz layers, where each layer consists of CNOT gates between all neighboring qubits and Y-rotations on all qubits.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain

Syrian Crisis and Migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Yazgan ◽  
Deniz Eroglu Utku ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

With the growing insurrections in Syria in 2011, an exodus in large numbers have emerged. The turmoil and violence have caused mass migration to destinations both within the region and beyond. The current "refugee crisis" has escalated sharply and its impact is widening from neighbouring countries toward Europe. Today, the Syrian crisis is the major cause for an increase in displacement and the resultant dire humanitarian situation in the region. Since the conflict shows no signs of abating in the near future, there is a constant increase in the number of Syrians fleeing their homes. However, questions on the future impact of the Syrian crisis on the scope and scale of this human mobility are still to be answered. As the impact of the Syrian crisis on host countries increases, so does the demand for the analyses of the needs for development and protection in these countries. In this special issue, we aim to bring together a number of studies examining and discussing human mobility in relation to the Syrian crisis.

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